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Printer of the Atheneum, Notes and Queries, &c. is prepared to SURMIT ESTIMATES for all kinds of BOOK, NEWS, and PERIODICAL PRINTING.-13, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, B.C. QUERIES:-Pig: Swine: Hog-Ulm and Trafalgar,' 407"Skerrick"-Bowes of Elford-"When in doubt-don't," 408- The Arms of Abraham-Bells" That is, he would have"-Mozart-Plans of Lucca- Poculum Elevatum ' So that in the seventeenth century Anglo-Indians drank freely of punch, and that India was regarded as the native home of it. Phillips (World of Words,' 1662) says, Punch, a kind of Indian drink"; and a French writer (in Y. and B.), "boisson dont les Anglois usent aux Indes." But it is not yet shown that they invented punch. When now we come to the evidence obtainable from various authors, the first notice of the English word as yet forthcoming is in a History of Barbadoes,' by Richard Ligon. He was there in the years 1647-51. He mentions various "strong drinks," among which Maxwell Brown: Goodson "Smith" in Latin -Sir Detectives in Fiction-Hair-Powdering Closets-"Nobile virtutis genus est patientia," 417. NOTES ON BOOKS:-The Cambridge Beaumont and Notices to Correspondents. Fotes. PUNCH, THE BEVERAGE. (See 'N. & Q' passim; also Yule and Burnell, 'Anglo-Indian Dict.,' s.v.) For the origin of this word, the commonly accepted account is that given by Fryer, who travelled in the East 1674-83. Being at Goa in 1676, he says (p. 157) :— "At Nerule is made the best Arach or Nepa de Goa, with which the English on the coast make that enervating liquor called Paunch (which is Indostan for Five), from the Ingredients." (These he does not specify.) Is this history of the word correct? I greatly doubt. A priori, it is not very probable; for why should Englishmen give a name from Hindi for a drink of their own compounding? and, moreover, it is likely enough that many a tentative bowl of punch was brewed before the sacred number five was settled upon. Indeed was it ever settled? Mandelslo, a writer Lereafter to be spoken of, mentions_only four ingredients. Another writer (in Y. and B.) gives five, one being "biscuit rosti." I fancy that every punch-maker would swear by his own recipe. There is plenty of evidence The Dutchmost notably in a foreign guise. man Mandelslo, on a voyage from Gambroon to Surat, in 1638, drank palepunzen, the word being understood, no doubt rightly, to represent the English "bowl-of-punch," as does a corresponding French word bolleponge (both in Y. and B.). If, then, by 1638 foreigners had learnt from Englishmen to enjoy a bowl of punch, and to call it by its English name, we shall not be asking too much if we require all the previous years of the century for the invention of it among Englishmen. Now what was the status of Englishmen in India during those early years? Almost nil. Only in 1614 they obtained from the Great Mogul permission to build a factory at Surat, with a few subordinate agencies in the neighbourhood. This was their first footing in India. Consequently we have only twenty-four years (1614-38), in which they must have invented punch, fixed the name, and made it so generally known as to have become a household word among Dutchmen. It may be worth notice also that in those years there seems to have been almost perpetual collision and squabble between the pushing Briton and the jealous Hollander-small space for the convivial intercourse in which the latter should have been taught to love punch. In view of these facts and fairly admissible surmises, Fryer's evidence, coming a full half-century after, seems too late to be of much value. It is quite possible, indeed, that at that time some Anglo-Indian etymologist, seeking an explanation for the unexplained, should have thought that he found it in Hindi punch. Or might we even hazard |