TULIPOMANIA. Are there any recent books or articles of importance dealing with this strange commerce, in which shares in a bulb seem to have had a speculative market, such as pig-iron warrants have here? Q. V. [Poole's Index to Periodical Literature,' 1882, mentions Value of Tulips in the Seventeenth Century (Penny Magazine, vii. 455) and two articles on Tulip Mania' (Hogg's Instructor, vi. 19, and Bankers' Magazine, New York, x. 362).]

BYRCH ARMS.-The_Franciscan priory of Ware was granted to Thos. Byrch about 1536. Can any reader say if his arms were Azure, three fleurs-de-lis or? Q. W. V.

LOCKE: LOCKIE.-I should be glad to know through your columns whether Locke and Lockie are Norse names, and, if so, what changes have taken place in their spelling since their introduction into England. ANERLEY.

YTHANCESTER, ESSEX.
(10th S. iv. 48.)

SOME one has made a curious blunder here by referring to Chad as being "one of the two saints of that name." The two brothers are quite distinct. One of them, St. Chad. was properly named Ceadda, of which Chad is a modernized rendering; and the other was Cedd, who was bishop of the East Saxons. The proper course to adopt is to refer to the original passage in Beda's 'Ecclesiastical History,' book iii. chap. xxii.; see the edition by Mayor and Lumby, p. 61: "Ythancaestir......in ripa Penta amnis." The note at p. 262 says: Ythancaestir; called Othona by the Romans. It was near Dengie in Essex." And again: "Pentae; now the Freshwell, one of the two springs of which is still called Pant's well (Camden)."

66

But there is surely some mistake here, for the A.-S. poem on the battle of Maldon conclusively shows that the Pante was the Blackwater, with which Dengie has little to do. In the English version of Beda's History' in "Bohn's Library the note

upon Ythancaestir at p. 147 says: "On the river Pante, now called Blackwater river, near Maldon, Essex. There are now remains of the city.'

no

If there is nothing of it left, it must be difficult to identify it with any place that still remains. The suggestion that it was Upminster is a fine example of the guess desperate. It seems to be a fixed principle with many that if the guess be wild enough, it ought to receive the more respect. Upminster is even further from the Pante than Dengie is. All these blunders arise from the failure to verify references. Beda distinctly says that the place was "in ripa Pentæ amnis." He also distinctly says (bk. iii. ch. xxiii.) that there were four brothers, named "Cedd, Cynibill, Caelin, and Ceadda."

66

The note about Dengie is a reminiscence of a note in Smith's edition of Beda (p. 127): "Ythancaestir. Quæ Romanis Othona dicta. Nunc Fanum S. Petri ad aggerem, extremo Dengiensis Centuriæ Promontorio impositum. Anglice, St. Peter's on the Wall." Smith gives no authority, but his explanation is possible, and even probable. He does not say near Dengie," but at the extreme end of the hundred of Dengie, which is quite a different thing. In Pigot's 'County Atlas (1831) St. Peter's Church is distinctly marked in this very position, namely, near the end of the promontory on the south bank of the mouth of the Blackwater, beyond Brad welljuxta-Mare. The sands beyond the promontory are called St. Peter's Sands in Bacon's County Atlas.' WALTER W. SKEAT.

It is not likely, nor is it probable, that St. Cedde was ever at Chadwell Heath; but there is an old brick-arched spring there in Billett Lane which was dedicated, in common with many other springs (cf. Shadwell, Chadwell-the name of the New River at its source-Chad's-Well near King's Cross, Chadwell near Tilbury, Chatswell in Staffordshire, &c.), to this bishop. But my main object in writing is to refer E. C. to some sources of information about Ithancestre, which certainly was not Upminster, as Mr. Shawcross so strangely suggests it might be. Beda, so copiously quoted by Mr. Shawcross, tells us that Cedde built churches at Ithancestir and Tilaburg. The former of these names had become Effecestre by the time of the Domesday Survey, and so appears in Domesday Book, and the site of the church has come down to us in the ruins, probably of a later building than Cedde's, now to be seen at St. Peter's-on-the-Wall, in Brad well-on-Sea. Mr. J. H. Round (v. Victoria Hist. Essex,' pp. 391-2) has clearly identified two of the

MR. HAMONET's memory at the same time? The line referred to is in the "Dédicace" (1. 82) of A. de Musset's 'La Coupe et les Lèvres (Poème Dramatique),' and the context is so good also that I venture to quote a few more lines, if not out of place here:

Je ne fais grand cas, pour moi, de la critique;
Toute mouche qu'elle est, c'est rare qu'elle pique.
On m'a dit l'an passé que j'imitais Byron :
Vous qui me connaissez, vous savez bien que non.
Je hais comme la mort l'état de plagiaire;
Mon verre n'est pas grand, mais je bois dans mon
C'est bien peu, je le sais, que d'être homme de bien,
Mais toujours est-il vrai que je n'exhume rien.
I saw the line in question parodied the
other day in a comic journal thus:-
Ma cour n'est pas grande, mais je vois dans ma

verre.

cour.

Vous me demanderez si j'aime quelque chose.
Je m'en vais vous répondre à peu près comme
Hamlet:

Doutez, Ophélia, de tout ce qui vous plaît,
De la clarté des cieux, du parfum de la rose;
Doutez de la vertu, de la nuit et du jour;
Doutez de tout au monde, et jamais de l'amour.
Truly a poet's translation of a poet's lines.

EDWARD LATHAM.

LINES ON A MUG (10th S. iii. 228, 353, 435, 498). I was interested to learn from S. J. A. F. that the lines beginning "Oh, don't the days seem limp and long !" occur in W. S. Gilbert's Princess Ida,' produced at the Savoy Theatre. The first two lines are painted on a modern two-handled mug of "Royal Devon Ware" in my possession, an example of the admirable reproductions of old pottery, the sale of which received such a fillip from the discerning patronage of H.R.H. Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyle.

J. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL. PORTRAITS WHICH HAVE LED TO MARRIAGES (10th S. iii. 287, 334, 377, 435).—A portrait led to Henry VIII.'s fourth wedding. When the marriage between him and Anne of Cleves was proposed he would not consent thereto until Holbein, whom he sent to Flanders for that purpose, had painted her portrait; this

account:

"On the last night of his appearance at Liverpool, he was, as usual, intoxicated and accordingly hissed. Enraged at this, he suddenly advanced to the footlights and called out to the audience, 'B-t ye ! b- -t ye all! there's not a brick throughout your town that's not cemented with the blood of an African!'"

Whether the incident really happened or not I cannot say, but it is certain that Cooke performed at the Theatre Royal, Liverpool, on 14 August, 1810, and it was announced in The Advertiser that it would be his last appearance that season. He sailed from Liverpool on 4 October following for New York, and seems never to have returned to England, for he died at New York in September, 1811, according to the D.N.B., though 'The Georgian Era' says 1812. A. H. ARKLE.

Thirty to thirty-five years ago I used to mix very much with theatrical people, both great and small, and I several times heard the story to which allusion has been made, but never, to my knowledge, was it attributed to Incledon, but always to George Frederick Cooke, and never mentioned as having taken place at Liverpool, but always at Bristol. I heard it told by the late William Creswick to his partner "Dick" Shepherd, in the coffeeroom of the "Equestrian" Tavern, Blackfriars Road, next door to the Surrey Theatre; and again I can call to mind hearing it told by an intimate friend of my own, James Carter, a well-known singer in his day (now dead about four years), at the Middlesex Music - hall (the "Mogul"), Drury Lane. In each case the words used were substantially those quoted by J. W. E., but, if I remember rightly, somewhat more highly spiced; but I am sure that the word "nigger" was not used by either of the gentlemen of whom I speak as

Many years ago Mr. Alfred Wigan told me many theatrical anecdotes, amongst them one of George Frederick Cooke being soundly hissed at Liverpool for being drunk on the stage, when, becoming enraged, he stepped up to the footlights and said, "If you do not stop that, I will tell the history of your grandfathers." H. A. ST. J. M.

The version of the incident as given by "Old Stager" is told almost word for word about an actor in a Glasgow theatre.

P. F. H. SIR GEORGE DAVIES, BART. (10th S. iii. 469; iv. 36). Since the publication of the two excellent baronetages referred to (one issued 70 and the other 164 years ago), much additional information has been discovered. As to Sir George Davies, it is stated in The Complete Baronetage,' by G. E. C. (vol. iv. p. 138), that he died at Leghorn 4 December, 1705, and was buried in the Protestant cemetery there, when the baronetcy became extinct or dormant. A copy of his monumental inscription is printed in Howard's Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica, Third Series, ii. 150. G. E. C.

VULGATE (10th S. iii. 248, 435; iv. 17).-An English clergyman who has been much abroad tells me that the Latin church-books printed in Paris are notoriously ill done. Certainly the Vulgate published there by Berche & Tralin, in 2 vols. 8vo, 1873, contains more errors than any book I know. The Latin version of our own Book of Common Prayer, made by William Bright and P. G. Medd, both Fellows of University College, Oxford, 66 editio altera," 1869, revised by John Jebb, W. J. Blew, and R. F. Littledale, has more mistakes than one expects to find, especially in the Psalms.

Bagster's books contain only that portion of the sacred text which is presented by our English Apocrypha-less Bibles. W. C. B.

JACK AND JILL (10th S. iii. 450; iv. 13).— I remember dining with the judges of assize at Armagh in July, 1881 (one of whom was the late Baron Fitzgerald), when the lines referred to were quoted by a member of the circuit, who attributed the authorship to the late Mr. Justice O'Hagan, whose name had shortly before been inserted in the Land Bill

as the Judicial Commissioner.

HENRY AUGUSTUS JOHNSTON.

This riddle is said to have been composed by Samuel Wilberforce, D.D., Bishop of Winchester, when a boy of fifteen, and was communicated to me in February, 1865, hy his connexion by marriage, the late Sir Charles Sargent, Knt., in the following form :

'Twas not amid Alpine snows and ice,
But on plain English ground:
"Excelsior" their high device:

A lowly fate they found.

'Twas not in search of wealth and fame,
But at stern duty's call:

They were united in their aim,
Divided in their fall.

F. DE H. L.

Under this head is given a riddle by the Rev. J. S. B. Monsell, rector of Guildford. The answer is: The queen is notable; the chair is no table; I am not able. M. E. F.

'BATHILDA' (10th S. iv. 28). MR. F. R. MARVIN has evidently assumed that the King Clovis brave" of the ballad is Clovis I. If he will again consult his French history he will see that it was Clovis II. who married Bathilda. She died in 680, and was canonized by Nicholas I. Her legend will be found in the Bollandists, and other lives of the saints, under 30 January. JAS. PLATT, Jun.

The "King Clovis brave" of the ballad is not Hlodowig I., as MR. MARVIN supposes, but Hlodowig II., whose wife was Balthild, the name in an encyclopædia probably arises an English slave. The difficulty of finding from the fact that the author of the ballad (I cannot tell MR. MARVIN who he was) has omitted the third letter.

E. W. B.

Bathilda was the wife of Clovis II. She was born in England of noble parentage, but was seized by pirates whilst walking on the seashore and brought to France, where she One of the was taken to the slave-market. Court officials saw her there, and was so struck with her beauty and charming demeanour that he bought her and sent her to his wife. Soon after the king saw her, fell in love with her, and married her. When some one congratulated her, she is supposed to have said, "Telle est la volonté de Dieu :