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also in alphabetical order, and extended beyond P, but not, I think, complete; in it, however, was an epitaph for which I searched, the name commencing with T.

order was very different from the one called, after him, Augustine, or Augustinian. The Augustines were governed by rules, said to be those of St. Augustine, but in reality the work of several Popes, notably Pope Alexander IV. They were called "Black Canons," and according to Fuller were established in England in 1105. For particulars of the order and the pretended rules of St. Augustine see Hook's Church Dictionary'ing about three yards apart), on one of which the (art."Augustines"), seventh edition, pp. 71 and 72. E. PARTINGTON.

Manchester.

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1. "The foundation of the order was......confidently referred to St. Augustine of Nippo (Catholic Dictionary,' Addis and Arnold, p. 56).

But the article seems to assert without reason.

2. "Premonstratensians" were commonly called in England "White Canons," from their white habit. They were founded by St. Norbert in 1119 at Prémontré, in the forest of Coucy, near Laon. 4. "Black Canons" are Augustinian Canons. "Black Friars" (not Monks) are Dominicans. "Canons Regular" are Augustinian Canons.

6. "Trinitarians" were founded at Rome in 1198 by St. John of Matha and St. Felix of Valois. The rule was that of St. Austin.

St. Andrews, N.B.

GEORGE ANGUS.

HERMENTRUDE's first question, and the second so far as relates to the White Canons and White Bernardines, can be answered in the affirmative. Most of the information required may be found in Dr. Littledale's elaborate article on "Monachism" in the ninth edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica' and in Haydn's 'Dictionary of Dates,' s. v. each order. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M. A.

The Library, Claremont, Hastings.

BUNHILL FIELDS AND THE CROMWELL FAMILY (7th S. iii. 268, 413).—To any reader of N. & Q.' interested in Bunhill Fields, and who may have been puzzled by my stating that I found Dr. Rippon's copies of inscriptions at the British Museum, while at the same time MR. ROBERTS BROWN writes that they are preserved in the library of Heralds' College, I would say that we are both right. The British Museum volumes contain the inscriptions-apparently the original notes made on the ground-from A to P, with the exception of H. Those from Q to Z, not being at Great Russell Street, may be with the Heralds, or there may be a complete transcript at the College; but as to this, on inquiring there, I failed to obtain information because I was unwilling to pay five shillings for it. At the British Museum, besides the inscriptions pasted into the large volumes, the names arranged alphabetically but not extending beyond letter P, there is a small book containing inscriptions, apparently copies of original notes,

66

In regard to the Cromwells, I wish to convey my thanks to MR. CROMWELL RUSSELL for the information he imparts in reply to my inquiry. I have visited the tombs (two altar tombs, standinscriptions are yet partly, but very faintly, visible. On the smaller tomb, that which was found seven feet underground and restored to its position by the City Corporation, the inscription is entirely gone. It is here MR. CROMWELL RUSSELL says that the old lady who died at Ponder's End in 1813 and her daughter Susan, the last of the Cromwells, were buried, and this is evident from the absence of their names on the other tomb, which only had Dr. Rippon's notice, although, as Susan Cromwell was buried in 1834, it is difficult to believe that her tomb was out of sight before 1836, when Dr. Rippon died. Henry Cromwell" has been inscribed on the tomb reinstated by the Corporation; "Richard Cromwell his vault" appears on the other, recently cut. The "Henry Cromwell" was, I should think, Richard's brother; he died unmarried in 1769, æt. seventyone. MR. CROMWELL RUSSELL appears to think the vault was that of Major Henry Cromwell, father of the above brothers; but in that case the wife of the major (he himself died and was buried at Lisbon) would most probably have been buried in it, whereas she was consigned to her son Richard's tomb, as the inscription on it states. There was another brother, Thomas (husband of the old lady of Ponder's End, and who died sixty-five years before her), buried in Bunhill Fields in 1748; his tomb is no longer to be found, but Dr. Rippon has preserved the inscription; he was buried with his first wife and her parents, whose name was Tidman.

I may be allowed to add that a nice little guidebook or History of the Bunhill Fields Burying Ground,' published this year, is to be obtained from the very civil keeper of the ground; it contains a plan and some good sketches of the principal tombs. In the account there is an interesting quotation from the diary of a lady who had seen Dr. Rippon at work, "laid down upon his side between two graves, and writing out the epitaphs word for word. He had an inkhorn in his buttonhole, and a pen and book," &c. A veritable “Old Mortality," as the writer of the account calls him, "dwelling much among these tombs, and doing a work for which his memory ought to be kept for ever fresh and green." Finally the worthy Dr. Rippon was himself laid to rest among the graves on the record of which he had bestowed so much patient labour. He died in 1836, in his eighty-sixth year. W. L. RUTTON.

The following list of the members of the Cromwell family buried at Bunhill Fields is compiled from Noble's 'House of Cromwell,' third edition, 1787, vol. i. The book, though the author may be incapable of estimating rightly the character of Oliver Cromwell, yet contains, at any rate, many curious notices and anecdotes of the Protector and his alliances and descendants. The members of the family interred in the above-named burialplace are descended from Henry Cromwell, the

fourth son of the Protector.

1. Henry Cromwell, commemorated on the tombstone, died at Lisbon September 11, 1711, and was buried at Lisbon; major in the army.

2. Hannah Hewling, his wife, died March 26, 1732, aged seventy years.

3. Mary, daughter of William Sherwill and wife of William Cromwell, died March 4, 1752, aged sixty-two years.

4. William Cromwell, husband of the above, died July 9, 1772, aged seventy-nine years.

5. Mary Cromwell, eldest daughter of Major Henry Cromwell, died unmarried July 9, 1731, aged forty years. Styled on the tombstone," Mrs. Cromwell, spinster."

6. Richard Cromwell, fifth son of Major Henry Cromwell, died December 3, 1759.

7. Ann Cromwell, second daughter of Richard Cromwell, died September, 1777. It is said there was no room for a memorial of her upon the tomb in Bunhill Fields, as all the spaces were filled up

on it.

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The tombstone at Bunhill Fields, said to have been raised over the vault made by Richard Cromwell, commemorates also " Mrs. Eleanor Gatton, Widdow" (sic), his mother-in-law, who died September 27, 1727, and Mrs. Eleanor Gracedieu, spinster, daughter of Sir Bartholomew Gracedieu, Knt., died February 26, 1737, in the fifty-third year of her age. No doubt owing to the lapse of time, these inscriptions have become illegible, but several records of the burials are taken from the body of the work, some of which, though not all,

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"DEFENCE, NOT DEFIANCE": THE VOLUNTEERS (7th S. iii. 206, 356, 430).—Fully admitting Capt.

Hans Busk to have been the avant courier and

first advocate of the volunteer movement, it may not be inappropriate to the subject if I notice other names connected with the formation of this

patriotic home army, which excludes even a thought of conscription.

In Harper's (New York) edition of the Poet Laureate's Poems,' published in 1873, at p. 250, there is a rousing appeal to the manhood of the nation, of four stanzas, called 'The War.' This poem was sent to me on May 5, 1859, for anonymous insertion in any country paper, as it might be thought political, and unbecoming the pen of the royal bard; and it appeared in the Times of May 9, 1859, signed T. It was, of course, a warning against the "French colonels" and their chief, as "only the devil knows what he means."

On May 29, 1859, General Peel, then Minister of War, issued his order which sanctioned the formation of volunteer corps in Great Britain; and on July 5, 1859, Lord Lyndhurst, who was with the danger of invasion, unless her fleet was then eighty-seven years old, threatened England strengthened and a powerful reserve force maintained. Sir T. Martin says, in his admirable biography of this great lawyer and statesman, "His eloquence went right to the heart of the nation, and the response came in the movement for forming a volunteer force, to which England may now look with some confidence in the hour of need.

The "Isaiah of the nineteenth century," as I have heard the poet justly called, is not afraid of speaking out; no less stirring words than are

found in his address to our riflemen are contained in The Fleet.' ALFRED GATTY, D.D.

It is hardly fair to say that any one man was the originator of the present volunteer force, when so many were engaged in the work. It is indisputable that a very large share of the glory and honour is due to the late Hans Busk of the Victorias and to Dr. Bucknill; but there were other heads at work previously and contemporaneously with them, notably Col. Kinlock, the brother in arms of Sir De Lacy Evans and Lord Ranelagh, and it is doubtful whether Hans Busk would have

been able to overpower the scruples of the Government but for the weighty influence of the late Duke of Wellington, who himself, only after considerable difficulty, obtained permission to form the Royal Victoria Rifles (a shooting club) into a four-company battalion, although it had existed as an armed association ever since the general disbandment in 1814. It seems that the earlier acceptance of the services of the Exeter corps was probably an accident, very many other corps having in 1859 obtained precedence owing to similar circumstances. Even the pattern of uniform chosen affected this result. It is, however, hardly worth while to revive the controversy as to the precedence of Devon and Middlesex: we of the latter county are very E. T. EVANS, Captain R. V. A very early series of articles on the volunteer system, if not the first, will be found in the Civil Engineer and Architect's Journal, dating from 1837 and the following years. The volunteer system is advocated as essential for the national defence against invasion, and the application of the engineering and other resources of the country. This subject will be found to be comprehensively dealt with from a military point of view.

well content to stand second.

L. M. A friend of mine, since deceased, Capt. Evatt Acklom, late 16th Foot, often told me that his father, whose initials I forget, Capt. Acklom, was the prime mover in the volunteer movement of 1859. I do not notice his name mentioned in the communications of your various contributors.

EDWARD R. VYVYAN.

of Bedfont' and thirty-three "minor poems," most of which had appeared before. In the 'Memorials of Thomas Hood' it is stated that " many copies remained unsold on the publishers' shelf," and that Hood "afterwards bought up the remainder of the edition, as he said himself, to save it from the butter shops." See The Works of Thomas Hood,' vol. v. p. 212 and vol. x. p. 40. G. F. R. B.

"The Plea of the Midsummer Fairies' was first published in 1827, with a dedication to Charles Lamb. It was not immediately successful, and in the Memorials of Thomas Hood,' by his son and daughter, it is stated that Hood used to speak of having "bought up the remainder of the edition to save it from the butter shops." I believe the poem is included in several cheap editions of Hood's serious works. C. C. B.

This delightful poem—

Full of sweet dreams, and health, and quiet breathing— was, I believe, first published in 1827. It was dedicated in most graceful words to Charles Lamb, who repaid Hood by a passing sweet "Tale of the Fairies," "The Defeat of Time.' Lamb calls this a meagre and harsh prose abstract of the first half of 'The Plea,' but it is in Elia's finest style, and there is little harshness in the words of Mercury even after the music of Apollo's lute.

My edition of Hood's 'Poems' is the twelfth (Moxon, 1860), "a collection of Mr. Hood's serious poems, made in fulfilment of his own desire." JAMES HOOPER. Oak Cottage, Streatham Place, S.W.

249).-Possibly the following notes may be of GOLDWYER OR GOLDWIRE FAMILY (7th S. iii.

interest to MR. ARTHUR BAYLEY:

Christchurch, Hants. M.A. 1685, of Wadham College, "1673, Aug. 6. Henry Goldwyer instituted Vicar of Oxford, Buried Feb. 2, 1688, at Christchurch. See a letter to him from Lord Clarendon (Warner,' ii., app., No. 28)." Walcott's Memorials of Christchurch, Twynham,' 1868, p. 81.

'PLEA FOR THE MIDSUMMER FAIRIES' (7th S. iii. 388).—In a very excellent weekly periodicalwhich, however, had but a brief career-the Illustrated Family Journal (London, J. Clayton, 1845), the two numbers, 20 and 21, for July 19 and 26, are partly devoted to 'Illustrations of the Genius of the late Thomas Hood.' A foot-note says, "From the Illuminated Magazine for July." I have the two volumes of Douglas Jerrold's Illuminated Magazine for 1845; but I cannot find in them any article on Thomas Hood. In the second paper in the Illustrated Family Journal there is a critique on "Hood's principal poetic production, in point of design and elaboration"—his Plea of [not "for"] the Midsummer Fairies.' Consider-iii. 134, note 3. able extracts are given from the poem, together with three graceful and fanciful illustrations by J.

Franklin.

CUTHBERT BEDE.

"The Plea of the Midsummer Fairies, Hero and Leander, Lycus the Centaur, and other Poems,' was published by the firm of Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown & Green in 1827. It was dedicated to Charles Lamb, and contained, besides the three pieces mentioned in the title, 'The Two Peacocks

"1699. William Goldwyer, Esq., admitted Free Burgess of the Borough of Lymington, Hants."-St. Barbe's 'Records of the Borough of New Lymington' (privately printed, circ. 1858).

"1726. William Goldwyer, Esq., of Christchurch, admitted to same."-Ibid.

M.A. July 5."-Woodward and Wilks's 'Hampshire,' "1726. Henry Goldwyer, of Exeter College, Oxford,

Christchurch given by the Rev. M. E. C. Walcott. I do not find the name in the list of priors of The last prior was John Draper, who, upon the surrender of the priory, Nov. 28, 1539, was allowed to retain Somerford Grange for life. It was the property of the priory at least as early as 1291; it must, therefore, have been subsequent to Draper's death that it came into the possession of the Goldwyer family.

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1791.

etta.

a daughter William
Bower,

of

Bristol.

Philadelphia Fry William Bower, Clerk, Rector of died March, Edmundesham and Sutton Walrond, Dorset, died Jan. 7, 1782. 2. Burke's History of the Commoners,' vol. i. p. 673:-Elizabeth Goldwyre married Thomas Calverley, of the Broad, Sussex, on June 1, 1829. She was the widow of Charles Blagrave, Esq., of Berkeley Square, and sole heiress of James Hill, of Prospect Hill, Berks. There are several histories of Hampshire that MR. BAYLEY might consult.

I shall esteem it a favour if MR. ARTHUR BAYLEY will let me have any particulars of dates of deaths, marriages, baptisms he may come across in relation to the Fry family, as I am engaged on a pedigree of that family.

E. A. FRY.

Yarty, King's Norton, near Birmingham,

JACOB THE APOSTLE (7th S. iii. 248, 375, 503). -It is worthy of notice that the apostle generally known by the English form James, akin to the Italian Giacomo, is commemorated under the form Jacob in one of the old parish churches of Bristol, which is always known as St. Philip and Jacob's.

E. VENABLES.

Bede records an eclipse of the sun fourteen days before the kalends of March, 538, from early morning till 9 A.M. This is only one day out; it should be fifteen instead of fourteen, i. e., February 15, and the eclipse began at 8.30. Under 540 he correctly records the eclipse of June 20, adding, "the stars showed themselves full nigh half an hour after nine in the forenoon" (trans. in 'Mon. Hist. Brit."). appended to Bede (Mon. Hist. Brit., p. 288), The writer of the 'Annales Northanhumbrenses,' was particular in recording eclipses. In 756 (it should be 751) fifth (should be fifteenth) year of King Eadbert, there were two eclipses within the month of January, of the sun on the 9th and the moon on the 24th. No total eclipse of the sun had been witnessed in London since March 20, 1139/40, until the last century.

A list of recorded comets and historical notices of some eclipses may be found in Chambers's 'DeA list of scriptive Astronomy' and other books. the November or St. Leonards meteors recorded is given in an article in the Edinburgh Review, January, 1867. A. S. ELLIS. Westminster.

A very complete catalogue of the earthquakes (with the places of their occurrence) of which records could be found, from the earliest times to the year 1842, was published by Mallet in the Reports of the British Association for the years 1852, 1853, and 1854. In the third edition of Mr. Chambers's 'Handbook of Descriptive Astronomy' is given a catalogue of comets observed up to the year 1874. A very interesting little work, which will probably answer your correspondent's purpose concerning eclipses, was published by the Rev. S. J. Johnson in 1874 under the title

Eclipses, Past and Future' (James Parker & Co.).

Blackheath.

W. T. LYNN.

Since the date of my former communication I have received the June part of the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, from which I send the following extract :

"The accompanying MS. volume (placed in the Library) gives eclipses in this country for a period of about 2,000 years, from A.D. 538 to A.D. 2500, being recorded ones of both luminaries from the date of the first in 538 to 1200; all solar eclipses visible here from A.D. 1200 to A.D. 2200, omitting a very few in which

scarcely a tenth of the sun's diameter is obscured, including lunar ones for a certain period and large solar eclipses from A.D. 2200 to A.D. 2500."

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

EARTHQUAKES, ECLIPSES, AND COMETS (7th S. iii. 409, 484).—In 'L'Art de Vérifier les Dates des Faits Historiques' (vol. i.) will be found a useful, trustworthy, calculated chronology of eclipses, both B.C. and A.D., down to the year 2000, of the moon as well as of the sun, and giving, besides the day and hour of commencement, the course of the shadow on the earth. This work, in many volumes, a monument of the critical industry of the Benedictines, may be found on the shelves in the Reading Room of the British Museum. This list is SIR THOMAS ERPINGHAM (7th S. iii. 309, 398). very useful to the historian for testing and correct--Sir Thomas Erpingham was a witness in the ing dates in the chronicles. The eclipse of the sun found to have occurred August 31, 1030, fixes the exact date of the battle of Stiklestad, in Norway, wherein St. Olaf fell.

71, Brecknock Road.

His

Scrope and Grosvenor controversy in 1386. His
deposition is on the roll (vol. i. p. 59).
age at that time is not given, but from the editor's
note in vol. ii. p. 194 there is good evidence for

supposing him to have been born about 1355. His will, dated at Norwich, was proved at Lambeth in 1427. (Genealogist, vi. 24.) J. H. WYLIE. Rochdale.

BROUGHAM (7th S. iii. 407, 462).—We have an evidence of the popular pronunciation of Lord Brougham's name in the last lines of a skit upon his elevation to the Lord-Chancellorship and its accompanying peerage. His lordship is compared to a crossing-sweeper, who

When he has done all his dirty work,
He takes up his broom and valks [Brougham and Vaux].
E. VENABLES.

assigned this coat to Richard Foxe, Bishop of
Winchester, and the same may be seen borne by
Corpus Christi College, Oxford, founded by him
in 1516. This is figured in a small engraving in
the Oxford University Calendar of 1857. Lewis's
Topographical Dictionary,' published in 1848,
gives, s. v. "Oxford," the arms of this college
figured rather differently, viz., "Tierce in pale, in
centre arms of the see of Winchester ensigned by
a mitre, having on the dexter side the coat of
Foxe, and on the sinister that of Hugh Oldham,
Bishop of Exeter," a considerable benefactor to
the college.
JOHN PICKFORD, M. A.

Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

ORPEN (7th S. iii. 389).-Can this be the same as Orpin, a herb, according to Bailey, ed. 1736? M.A.Oxon.

YAM (7th S. iii. 189).-Inversion of May?
R. S. CHARNOCK.
ANTIGUGLER (7th S. iii. 328, 431).—I hope the

PRECEDENCE IN CHURCH (7th S. ii. 361, 495; iii. 74, 157, 394, 500).—It is certainly most amusing to read the searching paper of questions purporting to have been set and sent to the householders of St. Mary's, Beverley, which is printed at the last reference. In this sense it is worthy of preservation in the book of the chronicles of ' N. & Q.,' but in an historical point of view it is utterly value-Editor will afford me space to say that I have a less. Unfortunately it is a thorough hoax; and no silver funnel which seems to answer much to that one who knows the Archbishop of York could ever described by MR. BUCKLEY as in use in his time have supposed that it was either drawn up by him at Brasenose. Mine has a strainer, movable at or with his sanction. His Grace at once repudiated pleasure, and the end of the funnel is curved so the authorship, and must have done so with a smile at human credulity.

JOHN PICKFORD, M.A. Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

I was recently informed on good authority that the circular alluded to by MR. WALFORD, and a copy of which has been furnished by J. F. F., was issued by the parties opposed to the views of the Archbishop of York; and I think this fact should be mentioned. In fact the circular was very much in the nature of a practical joke against the archbishop.

HENRY DRAKE.

HUGUENOT FAMILIES (7th S. iii. 89, 176, 257, 297, 334, 417).—I have a small pamphlet with the following title-page :-"An | Account of the

Relieving Proselytes

with an Abstract of the Proceedings of the Commisioners For that Purpose | from the 25th of December, 1720, to the 25th of December, 1721 The fifth Edition | London | Printed by T. Wood in Little Britain 1722." It includes a list of the Commissioners, and also a list "of all the persons who have been relieved from 30 April 1717 to 25 Dec 1721." The recipients were principally Huguenots, with a few Irish, amongst these Viscountess Gormanston." If of any value to your inquirers under the above head, I shall be happy to place it at their disposal.

H. HOUSTON BALL.

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as to touch the side of the decanter. I have often used it for decanting port, and found it to emit no sound and to cause no froth. The best way to pour out stout is to put the mouth of the bottle to the side of the glass, when no froth, or a very little, is produced. EDMUND TEW, M.A.

JORDELOO (7th S. iii. 26, 78, 117).—I fear that I have misled MR. WARREN in alluding to a note in Waverley.' The expression occurs in the text of that work, chap. xxvii. :—

"He was playing at quoits the other day in the court; a gentleman, a decent-looking person enough, came past, and as a quoit hit his shin, he lifted his cane: But my the Trip to the Jubilee,' and had not a scream of Gardez young bravo whips out his pistol, like Beau Clincher in

l'eau, from an upper window, set all parties ascampering
for fear of the inevitable consequences, the poor gentle-
man would have lost his life by the hands of that little
cockatrice."
H. GIBSON.

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