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be found in a work published in Paris in 1837, entitled 'Monnaies Inconnues des Évêques, des Innocents, des Fous,' &c. J. ELIOT HODGKIN. Richmond-on-Thames.

This medal, for which MR. BUTLER inquires, is in my possession. The legend surrounds the head of a pope with the triple crown. When turned upside down, instead of a pope a devil's head appears. The reverse of the medal bears the legend STULTI. ALIQUANDO. SAPIENTES. The design is a monk's head with cowl. When turned upside down the head becomes a fool with a cap and bells. There is no date, but it was evidently struck in the days of the Borgias, as it resembles in general workmanship other medals of that date that are in my collection.

CORA KENNEDY SADA.

San Guglielmo, Tortona, Italy.

"MAKE NO BONES OF " (7th S. iii. 408, 523). -For once in a way I venture to ask leave of 'N. & Q.' to guess. And it is that I may hazard a conjecture that correspondents who think that "bones" in this phrase has anything to do with osseous substance may be in error. In Gascoigne's line the phrase "Yet never made nor bones nor bragges thereof" seems plainly in either word to refer to something spoken. So, possibly, to "make no bones" may mean to make no petition," no "begging" off, the old sense of bone, boone, or boon. It is not in this sense unlike the passage where it is said :

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Placebo came and eke his frendes sone,
And alderfirst he bade hem all a bone,
That non of hem non argumentes make
Again the purpos that he hath ytake.

'Merchant's Tale,' Tyrwh., v. 9491, sqq.

courts." MR. STOCKEN'S query is somewhat misleading, as Douce (not "Arnold ") in the "advertisement" to "The Customs of London, otherwise called Arnold's Chronicle' (1811, p. xi) refers to Robert Bale as "Recorder of London in the Reign of Edward IV." (not Henry IV.). G. F. R. B.

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"No FRINGE" (7th S. iii. 265).—For the more complete instruction of the antiquary or New Zealander of the future, should it not be recorded that the prohibition quoted was aimed at the habit of inappropriate imitation, not at the fringe itself? otherwise the information would give a wrong impression of the taste of the age. The arrangement of hair with which the Italian painters of the quattrocento so daintily decked their angels has been found not at all unsuited to many fair young English girls; and it is not the style, but the vulgarization of it, that is objected to.

The other style, of massing the hair over the top of the forehead, so becoming to many young faces (those in whom it looks " untidy" should not adopt it), I have heard called & tousle." I think "frizzled " denotes small tight curls. R. H. BUSK.

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I have a copy of Caxton's 'Cordyal.' On the fly-leaf, in the handwriting of my great-grandfather, John Loveday, of Caversham, "1728. Pretium 6/84." It has one leaf of the text wanting, supplied in MS., otherwise almost perfect and in fairly good condition.

JOHN E. T. LOVEDAY.

Thus to "make no bones" would simply mean to make no reason for refusal, no excuse, no begging off; or, if "bone" be taken as "favour," to make THE SPENSERIAN STANZA (7th S. iii. 409, 525). no favour of it, but do it at once. So in the old-I send the following additions to my former lists fairy tale :

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at the above references. With regard to Campbell's Chaucer and Windsor,' although it consists of two stanzas only, the second contains such an admirable criticism in a nutshell on 'The Canterbury Tales' that the fragment is worth including It also contains the deon this account alone. scription of Chaucer which has since been made famous by Lord Tennyson in his 'Dream of Fair Women,' "Our morning-star of song." I do not know if this happy phrase is originally due to 'The Dream of Fair Campbell or Tennyson. Women' was first published, I see, in 1832 (the year of Scott's death); Campbell died in 1844. When was his 'Chaucer and Windsor' first published? Byron, undoubtedly indirectly alluding to Mary Chaworth, has "the morning-star of memory" in "The Giaour,' published in 1813.

Does any one know of a poem in Spenser's stanza earlier than Edmund Smith's 'Thales'? It

is strange that a hundred years or more from the appearance of 'The Faery Queene' should have passed away before any one attempted to write in a metre which during the eighteenth century and the early part of the nineteenth was so great a favourite with many excellent poets. Was there not a single Spenserian poem during the seventeenth century?

Edmund Neale Smith, obiit 1710: Thales: a Monody, sacred to the memory of Dr. Pococke. In imitation of Spenser.'-First published in 1751, forty years after Smith's death. See note in Peter Cunningham's edition of Johnson's 'Lives of the Poets,' sub nomine "Edmund Smith."

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Bedingfield: The Education of Achilles.' 'Psyche; or, the Great Metamorphosis' (query-My list was not offered as being exhaustive. author), in Dodsley's Collection of Poems by Several Hands,' ed. 1775, vol. iii. William Lisle Bowles: 'Childe Harold's Last Pilgrimage,' six stanzas.

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Keats: The Cap and Bells.'

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Southey: A Tale of Paraguay.'
Campbell: 'Chaucer and Windsor.'
W. C. Bryant: 'The Ages.'

Ropley, Alresford.

JONATHAN BOUCHIER.

'The Concubine' (title afterwards altered to 'Sir Martyne'), a poem in two cantos, by William Julius Mickle, may be added to MR. BOUCHIER'S list of poems in the Spenserian stanza.

J. T. B. 'The Pilgrimage of Harmonia,' by the late Miss Frances Rolleston, 1874, 247 pp., is in the Spenserian stanza. A. A.

MURIEL (7th S. ii. 508; iii. 57, 238, 357, 464). It is compiled from scarcely any authorities except the Fines and Close Rolls, and is of value as showing what names were borne by Jews in England before 1290. I have never met with Nicholas as the name of a Jew; but I will not presume to say it never was so. To prove a negative is a conHERMENTRude. fessedly difficult matter.

The following couplet may be of interest to your correspondent who is seeking the origin of the

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YORKSHIRE PEDIGREES (7th S. iii. 515).-The ANTIGUGLER (7th S. iii. 328, 431; iv. 15).-I quarterings in these arms (about which a correhappen to possess an antigugler similar to the one spondent has recently been inquiring) are as foldescribed by MR. TEW. In my father's time, lows: 6, Az, a bend between three birds arg. when port wine was more often drunk than now, it (Wentworth of Elmsall); 6, Gules, a cinquefoil was always used whenever a bottle of port was between eight cross crosslets or, over all a bend decanted. A piece of fine muslin was fixed in the engrailed or (Umfrevill, borne by Tugilby of upper rim, and so, with the strainer as well, the Ripley). The Talbot shield exhibits, 5, Or, three wine came out very clear. It was always known inescutcheons vaire; 10, Argent, a lion rampant by the name of the "wine-strainer," the word anti-gules. The remainder, if he requires them, your gugler I never heard. My specimen is an old one, correspondent can have if he will be good enough and the hall-mark, from cleaning and long usage, is to place himself in communication direct with me. HENRY A. H. GOODRIDGE. so nearly obliterated that it is impossible to make out its age. H. E. WILKINSON. Anerley, S.E.

GOLDWYER OR GOLDWIRE FAMILY (7th S. iii. 249; iv. 13).—I do not know either the period or the particular connexion which MR. BAYLEY has in view, but venture to send the accompanying intermarriage between the Bayley and Goldwyer families, in case it should be of interest to him, though haply he may be already acquainted with it. George Goldwyre, surgeon, of Marlborough, in Wiltshire, married Elizabeth Bayley, whose family appears to have been long connected with that

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18, Liverpool Street, King's Cross.

No. 2 quartering of the second pedigree of Ayscough of York is: Arg., a saltire gu., on a chief of the second three cinquefoils or, a crescent for difference, for Talboys of Kyme, co. Lincolashire. The cinquefoils are sometimes written as creslops." The following quarterings should come into the shield through Talboys: Barroden three cinquefoils or Burden, Gu., on a bend arg., sa.; Fitzwith, Gu., two bends or; Umfreville, Gu., crusilly, a cinquefoil or (also written, Gu., a cinquefoil within an orb of crosses patonce); Kyme, Gu.,

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Year-Books of the Reign of King Edward the Third: Years XIII. and XIV. Edited and translated by Luke Owen Pike. Rolls Series. (Longmans & Co.) THIS series of the year-books goes on more slowly than we could wish, but each succeeding volume makes it more evident that no labour is spared by the editor. Faults have been found, reasonably and unjustly, with some of the other issues of this great series of "Chronicles and Memorials," but we have met with no one who has grudged the time and money spent over these year-books, or has found any faults with the manner in which the editorial work has been carried on. There are, we feel assured, not many of our readers who have ever endeavoured to translate a long passage of English-French into the current language of to-day. Those who have done so must have come to the conclusion that French

After the scole of Stratford atte bowe

is a very different and a much harder thing to tackle than the "Frenche of Paris." And here we would remark, by way of digression, that notwithstanding anything that commentators may have said to the contrary, it is about as clear as anything can be that when Chaucer told us that his Prioress spoke London French, and was ignorant of the idiom of Paris, he did not intend to represent her as an ignorant person. French was, in those days, not only the language of the Court, but was spoken by most of the upper and the middle class. It was no more bad French than that of the provincial cities of France; but it was a dialect differing in many respects from that of Paris, which-unfortunately, as some scholars think-was destined to set the fashion both as to grammar and vocabulary.

names. Too many of them think that it was a rapid process, had family names eight hundred years ago, while many instead of realizing the fact that some few great houses of those in humble rank did not attain to them until the days of the Tudors. We suppose all our people have now true surnames of some kind or other; but it is certain that the number of patronymics is increasing by the settlement of foreigners, and from nicknames becoming hereditary. On the other hand, a few of our old names, both gentle and peasant, that were restricted to one race and locality, have, it is to be feared, died out within very recent times.

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The Old German Puppet Play of Doctor Faust' turned into English. With an Introduction and Notes by T. C. H. Hedderwick, M.A. (Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.)

IN his translation of the old puppet play of 'Doctor Faust' and in his introduction and notes Mr. Hedderwick supplies a work of scholarly value and of signal interest. Concerning this curious outcome of the legend of Faustus comparatively little is known in England. In Germany, on the contrary, a complete literature bearing upon the The story of the manner in subject may be found. which the puppet play was obtained from the exhibitors by whom the manuscript was carefully guarded is singularly fascinating. Not too honest was the process. For this, however, Mr. Hedderwick is in no sense responsible. He records, indeed, his condemnation. What Mr. Hedderwick has done is this. He has taken the only trustworthy version of the puppet play which Germany possesses, has translated it and enriched it with an introduction in which the history of the Faust legend in England and in Germany is traced and much ingenious specula. tion is advanced as to the indebtedness of the legend to English sources, and has added an appendix, literary, bibliographical, &c., in which a mass of information new to English scholarship is rendered accessible. Without assigning the puppet play the position claimed for it in Germany, we may say that it has great value and interest, and the presence in it of Casper, a servant to Faust, who parodies his master's proceedings and escapes the penalty, In subject and treatment alike Mr. Hedderwick's work supplies a comic interest thoroughly Teutonic in order. invites a kind of analysis which can only be attempted of folk-lore and as a development of one of the most in a magazine article. As a contribution to a species subtle and potent of legends it is equally valuable. No one who is interested in these and kindred subjects will care to be without it.

The History of St. Cuthbert; or, an Account of the Life, Decease, and Miracles of St. Cuthbert. By Charles, Archbishop of Glasgow. Third Edition. (Burns & Oates.)

THE third edition of a book of this kind can need no It would not be easy to exaggerate the value of the praise from us. It is written from the Roman Catholic year-books, but it requires one learned in medieval law point of view, and will, on that account, be distasteful to understand them, and their full value can never be to some persons who seem to feel it a personal affront if properly estimated until we have the complete series their neighbours give credit to any of those wonderful before us. We trust that when those portions which as stories with which all mediæval biographies are studded. yet remain in manuscript are all printed, the work will To enter into so very wide and deep a question would be rendered complete by a new edition of the old black-earry us far away from the objects for which N. & Q.' letter volumes which contain some of the most important. Unless we have been very unfortunate in our reading, it is evident that these old printed copies are often so blundered as to obscure the sense, and we have no certainty that they are printed from the best texts.

Mr. Pike bas given, in the introduction, a short treatise on mediæval surnames, which is of more value than many a speculative dissertation which we have read on the same subject. Even at the present day we find many persons ignorant as to the real growth of sur

exists; but we are bound to say that any one who writes the life of a medieval saint, and omits of set purpose all the statements which seem incredible to us of the nineteenth century, is misrepresenting history. The biography of any noteworthy man or woman of past ages is valuable not only as a life, that is, a picture of the joys and sorrows of a fellow mortal during his sojourn here, but also as giving us a picture of the times in which he lived. We can illustrate what we mean by speaking of one to whom the honours of sanctity have

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not been awarded by the Roman Church. We read not which was, in the bygone days of internecine Border warlong ago an account of Joan of Arc in which the whole fare, a very officina of reivers and moss-troopers. We have of the mystical side of her nature was treated as non- looked down upon Buccleuch and Thirlestane, and have existent. Now it is open to any one who possesses the felt the weird spell of Ettrick scenery. From Ettrick knowledge needful for the purpose to come to any to Venice and Rome is a far cry; but who that knows conclusion that seems just to him with regard to the Italy would not be attracted to follow in the wake of Maid of Orleans; but to ignore that which seemed to Giordano Bruno, and hear him plead his cause as a philofriends and foes her chief characteristic in the days in sophical doubter, though not a theological heretic, before which she lived is to totally misrepresent the power she the authorities of the Serene Republic of St. Mark and exercised over her own generation. Had the archbishop of the Holy Office? The Letters of Madame de Maintreated St. Cuthbert in a similar manner his book would tenon' take us back to the days of the Quietist and have been of little value. As it is, whether we agree Jansenist controversies, and show us the court of the with his opinions or not, it is a most useful biography. Grand Monarque "with a dagger at their hearts," and It can never, of course, take the place of the old, simple the outward merriment of the exiled King of England narratives from which it is compiled; but for those who playing games with the Duchess of Burgundy, and do not read Latin with ease, or who have little time to Louis XIV. and Mary of Modena looking on, almost all spare for historical research, it is a valuable compilation, keeping down their own feelings "-a dramatic picture The archbishop holds the opinion that the body dis- of a remarkable scene. In the article on Dr. Wharton's covered in 1827 was not that of St. Cuthbert, but aInternational Law of the United States' the writer skeleton which had been used to supply its place when takes Martin Koszta to have been simply a domiciled the shrine was pillaged at the Reformation. Antiquaries alien. Wheaton states that he had a U.S. consul's tezkerek, have generally held the opinion that the relics then dis- as one who had made the preliminary declaration necessary covered were those that received religious honours into citizenship in the United States, and who was, therethe Middle Ages. We cannot argue the question. fore, an inchoate citizen. Family history is well repreWhether the saint's or not, the discovery was an im- sented by Prof. Burrows's Brocas Book-the story of portant one, for which we can never be too grateful to the family whose name still lingers hard by royal WindDr. Raine and his fellow workers. sor and no less royal Eton.

THE English Historical Review contains three impor tant papers-Etius and Boniface,' by Dr. Freeman; Byzantine Palaces,' by Mr. J. Theodore Bent; and 'Queen Caroline of Naples, by Mr. Oscar Browning; and many smaller contributions. Dr. Freeman's view of the rivalry between the two men, for which Procopius is the principal, if not the only authority, is characteristically bold and ingenious. He puts aside as untrustworthy the account of Procopius, and from the works of St. Augustine and the Annalists and later writers, especially the Germans, he excogitates a view which is different and will at least attract general attention. Mr. Bent analyzes M. Paspate's remarkable work, 'Tà Bulavrıvà 'Aváкropa.' Mr. Oscar Browning supplies some very striking documents bearing upon the subject with which he deals. The entire number has great value.

THE Quarterly Review for July takes advantage of the last two instalments of Lecky's History of England' to take us back to a period when there was a "cleavage between the two sections in the Whig party, which daily became greater and greater." It has often been said that history repeats itself. Samuel Taylor Coleridge comes before us in the same number, writing an 'Ode to Digestion' which itself contradicts the spirit in which it is written, and standing out as one who "sought to reconcile the mind of Man with outer Nature," but failed to explain what he meant by this. In the discussion on Italian art, to which Sir Austen Layard's new edition of Kugler's 'Handbook' gives rise, the reviewer sides, on the whole, with Signor Morelli, whose alter ego, in fact, Sir Austen may be said to have become in his new presentment of Kugler. The subject is one covering a wide field, and raising an infinite number of side issues; it is also one on which party feeling, or at any rate partisanship, runs very high. In Great Men and Evolution' we read of Mr. W. S. Lilly claiming Michael Angelo as against the Renaissance, and prophesying its downfall. The Renaissance is far too many-sided a question to enter upon here, but we greatly doubt the accuracy of Mr. Lilly's appreciation of Michael Angelo's

attitude towards that movement.

THE Edinburgh Review for July opens in a poetic summer retreat, the Ettrick Forest of Scott and of Hogg,

OUR Correspondent Mr. E. A. Ebblewhite, of 74, King Edward Road, Hackney, wishes subscriptions to a complete transcript of the parish registers of Great Hampden. These are of much interest, including the burial of John Hampden, and various entries concerning Cromwell, Pym, Lenthall, &c.

MR. J. S. ATTWOOD, of Exeter, is about to issue by subscription a complete index nominum et locorum to the late Dr. Oliver's 'Monasticon Diocesis Exoniensis' and supplements (1846-54). Subscribers' names may be sent to Mr. J. S. Attwood, 8, Park Place, Longbrook Street, Exeter.

Notices to Correspondents.

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ON all communications must be written the name and

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as a guarantee of good faith,

We cannot undertake to answer queries privately.

To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate."

THE Rev. W. Henry Jones, formerly of Skirbeck Quarter, Boston, will be glad if correspondents will for the future send their communications to him at Mumby Vicarage, Alford, Lincoln.

FRANK RICHARDSON.-"Blue Peter" is a corruption under "Repeat." See also N. & Q.,' 7th S. iv. 116. of "Blue repeater." See Falconer's Marine Dictionary,'

ERRATUM.-P. 77, col. 1, 1. 40, for "Wilham" read Witham.

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