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were duly appreciated and his labours crowned with the highest applause. The reward of the architect's successful skill was not confined to praise alone, for Nu'mán showered on him gifts far beyond his fondest expectations: camel-loads of pure gold, pearls and precious stones, ambergris and musk; and all in such abundant quantities as would ensure him ease and comfort during the rest of his life. Nu'mán was well aware that he who desires to possess magnificent works of art must open wide the portals of liberality: a cook who is

CONTENTS.-N° 86. NOTES:-Fate of Asiatic Architects, 141-Lord Mayor Shorter and Bunyan, 142-Queen Victoria's Jubilee-Earl of Galloway, 145-" Munerari" or "Numerari"-National Anthem-George, First Marquis Townshend, 147. QUERIES:-Barrington's Irish Nation,' 147-Alex. Allan English selling their Children-Blackbirds and their Young -Mrs. Glasse-Vestments of Blue- The Water Doctor "The Bells of Ouseley "-Lines from Dante-Book-plate-sparing of condiments and fuel cannot expect that the Translatee-Assignats-Tombland Fair, Norwich-Manck-feast will please the guests. When the architect received this unlooked-for bounty he apologized and said: "O king, had I anticipated such noble generosity, I should have bestowed greater pains on my work, and made it vastly more worthy of your majesty's greatness and munificence.' 'What!' exclaimed Nu'man in astonishment, 'do you conceive it possible, with a larger supply of materials and a promise of higher remuneration, you could erect aught more splendid than this palace?' Yes, sire, replied Semnar; if your majesty wished for something absolutely incomparable, I could erect such a palace that Khavarnak should appear insignificant in comparison. In this palace I have made use of but three colours; in that a hundred different tints should unite their beauty; that which is here common stone should be in the other the finest ruby; this palace has but one dome, but the other, like the ethereal world, should glory in seven.' On hearing this the king was inflamed with wrath and his countenance caused a conflagration in the stores of royal beneficence. Truly a king is a fire, from the blaze of which he only is secure who looks at it from afar...... Nu'man's pride suggested that should Semnar be allowed to live some rival in power and wealth might by his means be enabled to erect a palace more splendid than Khavarnak, and he therefore commanded his attendants to put him to death. Thus did they dig up this cypress from the garden of life: his eyes were covered and he was thrown from the summit of the palace. Behold the waywardness of destiny, which made the proud monument of his skill and labour the unconscious instrument of his destruction!"

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NOTES ON BOOKS:-Bullen's Marston '-Lupton's Life of Colet-Vernon Lee's Juvenilia-Grove's Dictionary of Music-Ashley's 'Edward III. and his Wars'—' Annual Register for 1886.'

Notices to Correspondents, &c.

Notes.

FATE OF GREAT ASIATIC ARCHITECTS. It is well known that Oriental potentates in former times were wont to bestow gifts of enormous value on poets and artists whose works they admired. We often read of a rájá, sultán, or khalíf rewarding a poet for a few laudatory verses by causing his mouth to be filled with pearls and precious stones; and instances are recorded of learned men being kept prisoners by Asiatic princes in order that they should not adorn the court of any rival monarch. Many Eastern stories turn on the quest of some extraordinary object which should render its royal possessor immeasurably superior to all the kings of the earth past and present. To the passion for the display of wealth and power are to be ascribed the numerous magnificent palaces, temples, mosques, and mausoleums erected by princes of India and Persia; but while the gifted architects were generally remunerated with riches "beyond the dreams of avarice," it would appear they sometimes fell victims to the jealousy of their royal patrons. Such was the fate of Semnar, who constructed for Nu'mán, an Arab prince, the palace of Khavarnak, if we may credit the following anecdote from the 'Heft Menzer,' or 'Seven Faces,' of the Persian Abdallah Hatifi (ob. A.H. 927, A.D. 1520)::

"When Semnar had finished this costly edifice, so much beyond the expectation of his employer, his merits

Still more horrible was the fate of the constructors of Trimal Naig's choultry at Madura, whom the Indian tyrant ordered to be thrown into a dungeon, the entrance of which was then built up, and they were thus buried alive, to prevent them from possibly erecting an edifice elsewhere which should eclipse that monument of his grandeur; and Trimal caused the two unfortunate architects to be sculptured on the walls incarcerated in a cell, which one should suppose calculated to repress the noble zeal of all future artists!

The skilful armourer who forged the sword Dham which came into the possession of the celebrated Bedouin poet-hero Antar by a lucky accident fared no better at the hands of his employer, an Arab chief. That famous blade was made from a thunderbolt that had slain one of the chief's camels, and when the smith delivered it, with natural pride, to his patron, he observed: "This sword is sharp, O chief of the tribe of Ghaylib-sharp indeed : but where is the smiter for this sword?" Quoth the chieftain: "As for the smiter-I am he," and instantly struck off the smith's head, so that there should never be another sword Dham í!

I think these stories have parallels in European

legends and traditions. I have some recollection of having read, many years since, of an artist who constructed for a German prince a wonderful clock, and had his eyes put out by order of his royal employer, lest he should carry his art elsewhere and excel this complicated piece of mechanism; the artist some time after requested to be led to the clock that he might adjust something, and smiting it with a small hammer destroyed the joint production of his brain and hands.

W. A. CLOUSTON.

233, Cambridge Street, Glasgow.

get access to a London directory of that year), he had not in 1677 added the avocation of a banker to his mercantile business, of whatever nature the latter may have been. His son (the father of Lady Walpole and grandfather of letter-writing Horace) (2nd S. xii. 14) was a timber merchant, owning ships trading to Sweden and Norway; so-timber merchant or not- undoubtedly did our_hero possess similar sailing vessels (see Matthew Taubman's Sir John Shorter's Pageant,' to be examined more minutely hereafter). I incline to think that John Shorter, of Bybrooke, Kennington, Kent, and Bankside, Southwark, and Norfolk Street, Strand, whose daughter Katherine married

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LORD MAYOR SIR JOHN SHORTER AND JOHN Sir Robert Walpole, succeeded to his father's busi

BUNYAN.

(Continued from p. 103.)

ness, though probably, from reasons connected with structural alterations at London Bridge, to be referred to by-and-by, he found it necessary to contract and limit its operations to one branch, that is to say, that while Sir John traded generally to the north of Europe, his son confined his

and Norway. Sir John, then, I opine to have been a Baltic merchant, and-though here I am aware that I am wading in troubled waters-that during the greater part of the alderman's career as a trader his ships were in the habit of mooring off his residence and place of business in Southwark.* The drawbridge at the south end of London Bridge seems to have been practicable down to the beginning of the last quarter of the seventeenth century (Chronicles of London Bridge,' by an Antiquary R. Thomson], pp. 331-2). A new drawbridge was, at all events, constructed and completed so late as May 12, 1672, and repaired in 1722 (ibid., pp. 355– 356). The flap probably only became stationary on the completion of the structural alteration widening the thoroughfare over the summit of the bridge from twelve to twenty feet during the mayoralty of Sir James Smith in 1684-5. Ships of the ordinary tonnage employed in the timber, tallow, and hemp trades could down to that time, in all probability, easily pass and discharge their cargoes above bridge, and I submit, as singularly corroborative

Pursuing my object of demonstrating the inaccuracy of Evelyn's contemporaneous record, now we have ascertained what, the inquiry may be fitly entered upon, Who was this Sir John Shorter? In the first place, genealogists know him as the mater-traffic to the timber trade with Sweden, Denmark, nal great-grandfather of that epistolarily gossipping peer, that Earl of Orford whom we recognize more readily under his familiar appellation of Horace Walpole (2nd S. xi. 152; xii. 14, 521). Sir John Shorter was the son of a John Shorter, whose father's Christian name was also John, of a family long settled at Staines, in Middlesex, that quiet but quaint and pretty riparian town, the name of which recalls to the mind of the lover of the history of Cockaigne the patronymic of another public-spirited Lord Mayor, who is said to have begun life as a bricklayer's labourer, and who either bore the same name as the town in which, or-if he came, as some authorities say, from neighbouring Uxbridge-in the vicinity of which -he was born.* MR. RENDLE accurately enough (p. 444) tells us that Sir John Shorter was a merchant in Bankside, Southwark. But what kind of a merchant? I am inclined to think that he was engaged in what was then known as the Baltic trade. He was, we have seen, an eminent member of the Goldsmiths' Company; but this fact is immaterial to the inquiry, for even in the time of Charles II. the trading company to which a citizen was affiliated had for some time ceased to represent his actual avocation. In the List of Merchants' of 1677 (the earliest London directory, I believe, ever published) Sir John Shorter's address is given in Bankside as a "merchant"—it does not specify what kind of merchant-but with the exception of one class, in which Sir John's name does not appear, this little work in no instance condescends to those detailed particulars. That class is the "List of Goldsmiths that Keep Running Cashes. Therefore, whatever Sir John might have been in 1688 (and I cannot

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Sir William Staines, Lord Mayor 1800-1 (Hone's Year Book,' p. 1337, under date November 9th).

merchant, Sir John carried on his business on premises *After the manner of the traditional good old English adjacent to his residence. We mark an early instance of the change of habit which has become common in our own time when we observe his son, the Kentish having his town place of residence on the north bank Squire of Bybrooke, the timber merchant of Southwark, of the Thames, almost opposite his business premises, in the then fashionable locality of Norfolk Street, Strand, then newly built on the grounds of the razed Arundel House, where the wood dealer was the neighbour of the notorious Sir William Penn, and for a brief period of the more notorious, and in this instance, as a potentate, illustrious Peter the Great of Russia. Surely Shorter fils's evolution must to the readers of Pope irresistibly suggest the migration from east to west of Sir Balaam, poetically and graphically delineated in Epistle III., to Allen, Lord Bathurst (Moral Essays,' 11. 339 to 402 inclusive).

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