of my theory, that that particular description of trade is still peculiar to the south bank of the Thames. When London Bridge became impassable to ships of large burden and tall top-hamper the trade dropped (and the vessels had to lay to and discharge) lower down the river, until at length -well on in the present century-the timber traffic found a home and the craft a mooring-place between Rotherhithe and Deptford, where the Commercial Docks were constructed for this particular description of commerce, which site is still the great entrepôt of the northern trade in deals and battens.* I at one time thought that Sir John Shorter's business was connected with metal, and remember some where-but I cannot at this moment recall the authority-to have seen him described as a refiner. I fancy, however, this authority must have misled me by attaching too much importance to a peculiar feature of the pageant produced on the gorgeous installation of the Lord Mayor in 1687, which I am now convinced was not intended to refer in any way to the individual handicraft of the hero of the day, while, on the other hand, I feel confident that another detail of the same "function bears such distinct relation. virtues-Truth, Justice, Temperance, Fortitude, Mercy, &c.-the whole mythological masque composed so as, more or less, impliedly or directly, to convey nauseous compliments to the monarch,* of whose arbitrary tyranny the hero of the paradeimposed upon the citizens, their right of choice ignored-was an impersonation. The second act or tableau is that extracted by Hone (see last reference), and I at one time inferred that it had especial reference to the avocation of the incoming Lord Mayor. It presented, inter alia, a group reproducing the old smithy tradition of St. Dunstan tweaking the nose of the Prince of the Powers of the Air with his red-hot pincers, the accompanying lines illustrating my proposition as to the sycophancy with which the poetasters of the period sought to justify Dryden's expressed opinion that "every poet is the monarch's friend." Satan is made to typify rebellion and discord. The saint represents the principle of order restored and enforced by the royal authority. I am convinced now that this portion of the display was simply conceived in this form in honour of the entertainers, St. Dunstan being, as is well known, the patron saint of the Goldsmiths' Company. But the third tableau most interests the inquirer into the story of the career of Sir John Shorter. Here a practicable" "model of a ship was introduced and wheeled along in the procession,† and the descriptive verses in terms refer to my lord mayor as a "Merchant Adventurer," the " stage directions" adding the explanatory gloss, "to Norway and Denmark laden," &c., "as representing his lordship's traffic and adventure into those countries," a side-light which, I submit, lends considerable plausibility to my theory of Sir John Shorter's actual trading business. This speculation as to Shorter's avocation will lead me quite naturally to Evelyn's curious and ambiguous passage. The lord mayor appointed by patent dated September 23, 1687, was, as I have said, a somewhat eminent liveryman-indeed he was on the court-of the Goldsmiths' Company. We have seen that he had been prominent as an opponent of Whitehall in the cause of civic liberty, and was degraded for his advocacy. His gown as alderman of Cripplegate Ward had not been restored to him a month when he was nominated as Lord Mayor. His mother guild, accordingly, as a tribute to his popularity, provided, and was at the sole expense of, the ex- The installation of the civic sovereign was thus ceptionally elaborate "show" prepared for his made on this occasion a pageant more than ordiinduction in the civic chair on Saturday, Octo-narily brilliant. James and his consort Mary of ber 29, 1687. This display is partially described from contemporary official sources in a compilation so readily accessible as Hone's 'Every-Day Book,' vol. i. pp. 670 et seq., sub tit. "St. Dunstan," date May 19 (St. Dunstan's dep.; Sir N. Harris Nicolas's 'Chronology of History,' p. 144). The usual laudatory verses composed by the civic laureate the tedious Matthew Taubman was Modena, his daughter Anne and her husband, the contemptible "Et-il possible?" of traditional scorn, with a splendid surrounding of the royal family and nobility, witnessed, as was then the custom, *It is a curious illustration of adulation of royalty that in all the "copies of verses" composed by the civic laureate or laureates between the years 1683 and 1687 the "coercion "the great municipality was then enduring through the suspension of her ancient liberties is treated as matter for jubilation-at all events, of congratulation-to the despoiled and fettered City, of gratitude to the two successive royal despots, and felicitations generally all round. been frequently repeated, even down to quite modern †This popular feature of a Lord Mayor's show has times. I myself have often seen it. The vessel on wheels is now usually borrowed from the Mast and Block Makers' Union of Wapping, and is the model frigate annually employed to convey members of that body (since 1720) down to Hainault Forest, on the first Friday in July, to that East-end carnival Fairlop Fair. the aquatic part of the function-which was also more than usually grand - from the leads of Whitehall, as yet unsurmounted by the vane that a year after was to strike dismay into the Popish* monarch's heart by indicating "a Protestant wind." To lend greater magnificence and-in a sense which I am about immediately to dwell upon-significance to the subsequent entertainment, his majesty condescended to honour the banquet with his royal presence, his illustrious consort, who had also graciously accepted the Lord Mayor's invitation to attend, being at the last moment prevented by a sudden attack of indisposition (see the London Gazette, Thursday, October 27, to Monday, October 31, 1687, under date Sunday, October 30), and the feast on this occasion, as was customary when the sovereign deigned to accept the proffered hospitality of my lord mayor, was given with great splendour at the Guildhall, instead of, as on less auspicious celebrations, at the hall of the City company-usually the Grocers't-hired for the civic sovereign's official abode during the year of his mayoralty. This graciousness on the part of James, however, was not apparently wholly dictated by his desire for a reconciliation with "the nursing mother of freedom"-his normally disaffected metropolis *I do not, I assure my readers, employ the adjectives "Popish " or " Papist" in any invidious or offensive, or even sectarian, sense-I have too much respect for the ancient Church, in which I number many valued friends, to do so. But, as it was said of a certain old cavalier, that he was 66 more loyal than the king himself," so the majority of educated English Catholics who still acknowledge spiritual allegiance to the see of St. Peter will, I am sure, concur in my view of history, that James I1. of England and VII. of Scotland was conspicuous in his regal career for being more Popish than the Pope him self. "This hall, being situate in the centre of the City, was designed, as adapted for the seat of the chief magistrate, at the expense of 4,800, in new building and accommodations," &c. "Sir John Cutler added the body of the hall, kitchen, &c., and Sir John Cutler's building on this confidence that as it is every way the most commodious place for that publick use, and would yearly save the Lord Mayor so great and unavoidable charge elsewhere, so it should be considered accordingly, and in some proportion augment the revenue of the Company," &c. I am unfortunately unable to verify the above quotation, inasmuch as I have omitted to note from what work I extracted it. I have a strong conviction, however, that it may be found somewhere entombed in that vast repertory of civic lore, Baron Heath's History of the Grocers' Company.' At all events, the passages in that learned work at pp. 27-35 bear me out in my statement in the text. Grocers' Hall was used for the official residence of the Lord Mayor, as we shall see, by Sir John Shorter, and, after his death, by his two successors during their very brief tenures of office. It had been so used by the six immediate predecessors of our subject, Sir John Moor being the first 80 to occupy it in 1681-2. The rent payable by the City to the Company for the accommodation during the mayoral year was 2001. (Baron Heath, p. 31). Your correspondent NEMO has unwittingly done injustice to the renowned author of 'The Pilgrim's Progress.' He says: "The Lord Mayor [Shorter] was a Presbyterian, while the celebrated Bedford pastor was a strict Baptist, and between the two sects it is well known there was—in those days, at all events-no love lost." NEMO cannot be conversant with the works of the immortal dreamer, or he would never have penned such a sentence. Bunyan was not "a strict Baptist," and there is not a word to be found in his voluminous writings to indicate anything but the warmest feelings of sympathy towards all who accepted the evangelical doctrines which he maintained, whatever their opinions on baptism might be. Of this there is abundant evidence. The church in Bedford with which Bunyan was connected during five-and-thirty years was founded by John Gifford, who had been a major in the royal army, and in the church book, under date of 1656, we read, "The principle upon which they [the brethren and sisters] thus entered into fellowship one with another, and upon which they did afterwards receive those that were added to their body and fellowship, was faith in Christ and holiness of life, without respect to this or that circumstance or opinion in outward and circumstantial things." The principle so laid down has been maintained in John Bunyan's church during the two hundred and thirty years which have since elapsed. In his 'Confession of Faith,' written about 1672, he says: "Baptism (in water) makes thee no member of the Church, neither particular nor universal; neither doth it make thee a visible saint: It therefore gives thee neither right to nor being of membership at all." Again, in 'The Heavenly Footman,' published posthumously, he thus advises: "Also do not have too much company with some Anabaptists, though I go under that name myself." Three of his children were baptized in infancy in the Church of England: two at Elstow in 1650 and 1654, probably before he had joined the church in Bedford; the last at St. Cuthbert's, Bedford, in 1672, long after his identification with the Puritan congregation. The above is a mere scintilla of the numerous passages in his writings showing the little importance he attached to baptism by adult immersion, and the earnestness with which he maintained what he held to be the essential principles of the gospel which he preached. Bunyan's belief and religious character have had much to do with the influence of his writings, which are of world-wide reputation, and it is surely unfair to attach to his memory narrow sectarian views which he abhorred, and shut our eyes to the allembracing charity and sympathy which he manifested towards his fellow Christians of all sects. J. A. PICTON. Sandy knowe, Wavertree. QUEEN VICTORIA'S JUBILEE. Some fragments of experience concerning this event may be (I do not affirm that they are) worthy of permanent record. As thus : - EARL OF GALLOWAY IN BURKE'S PEERAGE.' 1. In the parish church of a certain country town, a spacious and noble fourteenth century church, holding nearly a thousand people, and filled to overflowing, the jubilee sermon, on June 21, 1887, was preached by the same clergyman who preached there on June 20, 1837, the day of the As regards proposition (a), it may be noticed that Queen's accession. It was not easy to believe up to some year between 1855 and 1863 there was that the tall and vigorous vicar, standing there firm only one enumeration in Burke's Peerage' of the and upright in his Jacobean pulpit, and making sons of Sir John Stewart of Bonkyl, namely, in the his clear, strong voice heard throughout the build-Grandtully pedigree; and that this enumeration ing, had stood there fifty years before as a preacher already experienced, and was now eighty-four years of age. His sermon, too, was excellent, and was extempore. He dwelt on the solemn vows of the Coronation Service, and the way in which they had been fulfilled; he dwelt on the English reverence for the Bible, on the sanctity of English homes-old-fashioned topics, now passing swiftly into limbo. Nevertheless, he was listened to with deep and reverent attention by his crowded audience; by the Odd Fellows and Foresters in their splendid scarves; by the Volunteers in their gay uniform; by the miscellaneous multitude of rich and poor, who thronged the aisles as well as the seats, and looked in with the sunshine through the open doorways. 2. In another little town, a town of the pitcountry, the two dissenting chapels of the place shut themselves up on Jubilee Day, and came in a body to the parish church, where the minister of one of them read the first lesson, and he of the other the second. But this is a dangerous subject; and one may be permitted to believe that such a departure from the ways of religious bitterness has not often occurred. 3. In our own parish, before the hills around us were aflame with bonfires, we had not only open-air feasting for the poor, but races for all who chose to run, women as well as men; one at least of the farmers' wives ran second in the married women's race; and all the three races for maidens were won by a certain Betsy, a lithe and comely servant, modest as the morn. agreed with Wood's Douglas' (vol. i. p. 65) in putting James of Pierstown as the fourth and John of Jedworth as the fifth son of Sir John of Bonkyl, and is found in the Grandtully pedigree up to the issue of 1877, but was subsequently omitted, and is not given in the issues for 1884 and 1886. In some year between 1855 and 1863, for the first time, an enumeration of the sons of Sir John of Bonkyl was given in the pedigree of the Earl of Galloway, which contradicts the Grandtully enumeration by placing John of Jedworth before James of Pierstown. This order is also observed in the foot-note to the royal lineage of the kings of Scotland that appears in recent issues of the 'Peerage' (e. g., p. cxii of 1884 and p. cxvi of 1886). This enumeration, which I cannot but consider unauthorized and probably erroneous, after appearing for at least fourteen years (1863-1877) in conjunction with the authoritative enumeration under Grandtully, has now supplanted the Grandtully enumeration and taken its place. This point is important, inasmuch as under the enumeration formerly given the family of Grandtully would take precedence of any descendant of John of Jedworth as head of the house of Stewart. Proposition (b) is more serious. Up to 1877 (and perhaps later) Sir Bernard Burke described the connexion between Lord Galloway's ancestor and the Derneley Stewarts thus: that Marian, the heiress of the Dalswinton branch, married "Sir John Stewart, son of Sir William Stewart of Jedworth (said to be of the house of Darnley)." This modestly and fairly represented the outcome of the controversy so ably summed up on pp. 614-617 of vol. i. of Wood's 'Douglas,' a controversy which precludes absolute certainty as to Lord Galloway's male descent from Sir John Stewart of Bonkyl. At some date subsequent to 1877 the text of the Galloway pedigree has been altered, and now contains the assertion, as an unquestioned fact in history, that Sir John of Jedworth "was father of Sir William Stewart of Jedworth, who was put to death by Henry Percy in 1402, who was father of Sir John Stewart, who married Marian Stewart as below." This statement, for which no authority is given, contains two direct contradictions of the assertions made in the case put forth in 1801 on behalf of the (then) Earl of Galloway (see Wood's 'Douglas,' vol. i. p. 616): (1) “ Of course he [i. e., Sir Wm. Stewart of Jedworth, then claimed as Lord Galloway's ancestor] was not the same person with Sir William Stewart of Teviddale or de Forestâ, taken at the battle of Homildon, 14 Sept., 1402, and executed by order of Henry Percy." (2) That Sir William Stewart of Jedworth was "second son of Alexander Stewart of Darnley " (idem, p. 615). Remembering that these were the arguments which, rightly or wrongly, were used on behalf of the Earl of Galloway in 1801, we may view with surprise the attempt to build up a pedigree in 1884 on behalf of that earl's descendant in which the arguments are not only silently departed from, but directly contradicted. I venture to think that we have here a knot well worthy of the Lord Lyon's intervention. And it will be noticed that whereas in 1801 the contention lay between the earl and Andrew Stuart of Torrence (as representing Castlemilk), the effect of the double alteration now attempted will be to give the earl precedence in the family tree not only over Castlemilk, but over Grandtully also, of whom Mr. Wood says, in the foot-note to Douglas's 'Peerage,' vol. i. p. 443, that Grandtully "is probably now entitled to be considered the chief of that name.' There are two conflicting pedigrees of the Stewarts (or Stuarts) of Castlemilk, on the difference between which the result of Lord Galloway's claim appears in some measure to rest. One is at p. 513 of Douglas's 'Baronage' (1798), and the other at p. 491 of Robertson's continuation (1818) of Crawford's 'Renfrewshire.' The following table shows the divergence :Alexander, the High Stewart, d. 1283. James, fifth High Stewart, whose grandson founded the royal Sir John Stewart of Bonkyl, Alexander, whose line failed in 1377. James V. in December, 1512.* Alan (second son) of Sir Alex. Stewart of Derneley. James of Pierstown (fourth slain 1298. Sir Alex. Stewart of Derneley, mar. Janet Keith, heiress of Galston. John of Jedworth (fifth Sir Wm. Stewart of Jedworth, afterwards styled of Castlemilk, Sir John Stewart, mar., 1396, the heiress Sir John Stewart of Derneley and Aubigne, mar. the heiress of Lennox. His male line failed by the death, at Rome, in 1807, of Cardinal York. David Stewart of Castlemilk and Fynnart, d. before 1464; ancestor, according to the pedigree in Crawford's Renfrewshire,' of the Stewarts (Stuarts) of Castlemilk, &c. Sir Wm. Stewart of Castle- Sir Wm. Stewart of Castlemilk, mentioned in 1398 and 1400. Sir John Stewart of Castlemilk, suc. his father before 1409, slain at Verneuil in 1424. Sir David Stewart of Castlemilk, obtained It may be convenient to end this note with a list of the principal families that have sprung from Sir John Stewart of Bonkyl, giving the year in which those of them that are extinct failed in the male line : Earl of Angus, 1377. Stewart of Dalswinton, before 1396. [James V., 1542.] Elizabeth, mar. Sir Earl of Atholl (first creation), 1595. Stuart of Fettercairn, 1777. Stuart of Castlemilk, 1797. * The legitimated branches, represented by the Earl of Castle Stewart and Mr. Stewart of Ardvoirlich, descend from this, the senior house, “MUNERARI” or "NUMERARI" IN TE DEUM. -Of the verse of the Te Deum which begins "Eterna fac" it is said that all MSS. read “gloria munerari" and printed books" in gloria numerari”; or at least that the munerari becomes extinct soon after the invention of printing. I thought it might be worth while to see how far these propositions were supported by the books which lay immediately about me, and which I could consult without trouble. And these are my results as to munerari. Munerari is to be found in the breviaries of Mentz (late fifteenth century); Rome, 1500; Passau, 1508; Rome, 1522; Como, 1523 and and 1592; Eichstadt, 1525; Piacenza, 1530; Quignon's first text, Rome, 1535, Venice, 1535, and Antwerp, 1536; Ambrosian, 1539; Humiliatorum, 1548 (also ed. 1751); Rome, 1575, 1598, and a black-letter late sixteenth century ed.; Vatican Basilica, 1674 and 1884; Cluniac, 1686; Bourges, 1734; Rouen, 1736; Vienne, 1783. The Mozarabic books of 1770, 1785, and 1875 all read "in gloria munerari.” This much disposes of the idea that munerari became extinct with printing; we find it in a book printed by the authorities of the Mozarabic Chapel in Toledo a little more than ten years ago, and in a choice book of St. Peter's at Rome, in 1884. The return to it at Vienne in 1783 seems to be a restoration, as the breviary of 1699 reads numerari. It may be noted that in 1673 the Bishop of Freising and Regensburg put forth a separate manual for each diocese; in one (Rituale Frisingense,' Monach., 1673, p. 692) there is "in gloria numerari," in the other (Rituale Ratisbonense,' Salisburg., 1673, p. 452) "gloria munerari.” I do not venture to express an opinion which of the readings it is that possesses the greater weight of authority; but it may seem to some a nobler aspiration to be numbered, than to be rewarded, with God's saints. J. WICKHAM LEGG. NATIONAL ANTHEM EXTRA VERSE.-While the Jubilee is still fresh in our minds, and "extra verses" of God Save the Queen' are yet remembered, let me set down a very curious addition to the National Anthem which is accepted in Germany as being an integral part of our rendering of that soul-stirring hymn. I spent Jubilee Day in Hanover, and was asked to repeat the words of our National Anthem. That did I to the best of my ability; but I was suspected of having left something unsaid-a verse about roast-beef and the cellar-key. Of that I could truthfully declare I had been brought up in ignorance. Then I was set face to face with authority in the form of No. 4 of Volkslieder mit Begleilung des Pianoforte oder der Guitarre,' published at some unrecorded date musikalienhandlung of Adolph Nageln, in Han-probably about thirty years ago-at the Hofover. I found appended to the four verses of 'Heil unserm König Heil' an English substitute, which began with God save great George our King. Three verses of this were virtually after the accepted from of our National Anthem, though, by the way, the penultimate line of the third ran "On him our hopes we fix," instead of "On Thee"; but the fourth was ribald : God save great George our King, God save the King. ST. SWITHIN. GEORGE, FIRST MARQUIS TOWNSHEND, LORD LIEUTENANT OF IRELAND.-On the fly-leaf of the copy of the third edition of 'Baratariana' (1777) in the British Museum is the following characteristic manuscript note by Lord Macaulay : "His social talents were sometimes set forth, though very absurdly, as a defence of the errors of his administration. The Ld Lieut says more good things in one night than are perhaps uttered in this House during a whole Session. So said Provost Andrews.-What a deG. F. R. B. fence ! ! !" Queries. We must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest, to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that the answers may be addressed to them direct, NATION.'-In 1833 Sir Jonah Barrington published in Paris his Rise and Fall of the Irish Nation.' BARRINGTON'S RISE AND FALL OF THE IRISH The illustrations to the book consisted of a frontispiece, "Celebration of Irish Independence by the Volunteers of 1782," a vignette title (portrait of Sir Jonah), and four prints, each containing seven portraits. For some reason the frontispiece was cancelled and the vignette title substituted as a frontispiece. Two copies of the book as originally issued are known of in Dublin. Can any of your many correspondents add to the number? 1809 Sir Jonah published in parts his 'Historic Anecdotes' of the Union. In the first part ap In |