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See also the Autobiography of William Jerdan,' London, 1852. This popular individual was once a reporter in the House of Commons. On the fatal day he entered concurrently with the minister. Holding the door open to let his superior pass, he heard the shot and nearly felt it too. His personal narrative, as an eye-witness, will be found at ch. xviii., vol. i. p. 133; and at the end of the book, which bears the imprint of my former firm, will be found a plan of the lobby, May 11,

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1812.

13, Paternoster Row, E.C.

A. HALL.

"Dream of his Death," Bourchier Wrey Savile, Apparitions,' ch. xii. pp. 156-162, Lon., 1874; 'N. & Q.,' 1st S. iv. 4; 5th S. xi. 226, 256.

ED. MARSHALL.

new. It will be found discussed at some length in the very usefulGlossary of Anglo-Indian Words,' edited by Col. Yule, who is himself evidently in favour of it, and quotes not only the passage cited from 'Piers Plowman' by MR. LEE, but also another from Chaucer (C. T.,' 3754, 'The Miller's Tale') in which the word kerse occurs.*

But even if damn in "to care a damn" is really a corruption of the name of a very harmless Indian coin, dám-which is very doubtfult-there is nothing to show that this corruption took place during Wellington's stay in India; and if it had taken place before, then, as he was no scholar like Col. Yule, he was likely to be ignorant of the origin of the phrase, and to use the word damn in the sense which is naturally attached to it by every Englishman. And, again, if he had been aware of the origin of the phrase and had been careful to avoid the imputation of swearing (which is not likely, as swearing was very common in those days and thought but little of, especially in the army), he would surely have taken the precaution of writing the word dám. And least of all would he have WHO WAS ROBIN HOOD? (7th S. ii. 421; iii. been the original value of the dám, it had, so far written "twopenny damn," for, whatever may have 201, 222, 252, 281, 323, 412, 525.)-The attempts back as the time of Akbar (1542-1605), ceased to of your correspondents to identify Robin Hood be worth more than the fortieth part of a rupee, with any historical outlaw, or to assign any and was consequently, in Wellington's time at any historical date to his exploits, are, I fear, fore-rate, of far less value than twopence; so that doomed to failure. The story is a solar myth, and "twopenny damn" would have conveyed precisely Robin Hood is one of the heroes of Cloudland, the opposite meaning to that which he intended to whose adventures cannot be separated from those convey.§ of William of Cloudeslee or of William Tell. Some years ago I made in the Academy a suggestion, which has met with wide acceptance, that he must In addition to Dr. Brewer's quotation from be identified with the Hotherus of Saxo Grammati-Langland, the following may throw some light on cus, and Jacob Grimm has also identified him with this subject:Hodekin, a wood-sprite of the German mythology. Mr. Bradley has also shown good reasons for believing that the Hood legend was current in England before the Norman Conquest. The treasure of (6

the proude Sheryfe of Notyngham" is the guarded gold of the Nibelungs, which is stolen by solar heroes, and Maid Marian is the Dawn Maiden, Brynhild, who reappears as Columbine in the southern version of the legend, where Pantaloon corresponds to Friar Tuck, Harlequin being, of course, the solar hero. The Robin Hood legend is thus a faint Western echo of the great Aryan sun-myth, which we find in India, Greece, Germany, Scandinavia, and England, with which, not improbably, some elements of the Odin myth have become commingled. The story was localized, and historical elements were imported into it, as in the case of Theodoric, Arthur, Charlemagne, or Attila, to whom the adventures of the solar heroes of Cloudland in like manner were assigned.

ISAAC TAYLOR.

"TWOPENNY DAMN” (7th S. iii. 232, 326, 462).— The view advocated by SIR J. A. PICTON is not

Sydenham Hill.

F. CHANCE.

Of paramours ne sette he nat a kers.
Chaucer, 'The Millere's Tale.'
Men witen welle whiche hath the worse,
And so to me nis worth a kerse.

Gower (quoted by Halliwell).
In The Testament of Love' cress is twice used in
the same sense.
of the meaning, though Dr. Brewer says kerse
There seems, therefore, no doubt
means a wild cherry.
C. C. B..

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*He interprets kers(e), however, not "wild cherry," with Dr. Brewer, but "cress," with Tyrwhitt and Prof. Skeat (s. v. "Cress").

surely very simple to substitute" damn" for "curse."
† As "to care a curse was already in use, it was

SIR J. A. PICTON says that a dám was originally the sixteenth part of a gold mohur, but I do not find this in Col. Yule, and the statement, therefore, requires confirmation.

§ The duke no doubt meant by "twopenny damn" the most trifling, the very smallest curse.

word is spelt karce ('Herb.,' app., xxi). In Alfric's Vocabulary of the tenth century we have kerse; in Langland, Chaucer, and Gower kers; and in a fifteenth century vocabulary kyrs. Dr. Brewer was evidently confusing kerse with cyrs, the AngloSaxon name of the cherry tree. Amongst old writers the expressions "C not worth a cress, or a leek, or a haw, or a bean," were very common. P. E. NEWBERRY.

sarcasm. Had I not been doing in my study precisely what my boy was doing out of doors?" &c. M. E. A. P.

66

It may be worth while to notice that Cobbett mentions the horsehair superstition as a notoriously true fact." He says, "What causes horsehair to become living things?" (Rural Rides,' vol. i. p. 356, ed. 1885). By the way, the Rev. Pitt Cobbett has done his work as editor of this handsome reprint of his grandfather's book on the

Upper Norwood.
When Dr. Brewer quotes from 'Piers Plow-whole very well; but there is an inexcusable slip

man'

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in his note on p. 201 of vol. i., when he says that, in 1830, "the most serious riots occurred at Bristol, called the Gordon riots."

Hastings.

66 J. J. FAHIE.

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Aversa est, et castos ægide vultus
Nata Jovis texit. Neve hoc impune fuisset;
Gorgoneum crinem turpes mutavit in hydros.
Nunc quoque ut attonitos formidine terreat hostes,
Pectore in adverso, quos fecit, sustinet angues.

Which is thus translated by Sandys:

Jove's daughter, with the Ægis on her breast,
Hid her chaste blushes; and due vengeance takes,
In turning of the Gorgon's haire to snakes.
Who now, to make her enemies affray'd,
Beares in her shield the serpents which she made.
C. LEESON PRINCE.

A similar superstition prevails amongst Spanish Americans in the republic of Colombia, but according to them it is the human hair that turns into a snake, the root forming the head. I have often been warned by Colombians against throwing combings from a brush into my bath for this reason. Many persons told me that they had seen the hairs turn into snakes shortly after being_left in the water. Here is a quotation from the Biglow Papers' (London, 1886), p. 320, anent horsehairs :

"But one day as I was going forth for a walk, with my head full of an Elegy on the Death of Flirtilla,' and vainly groping after a rhyme for lily that should not be silly or chilly, I saw my eldest boy Homer busy over the rain-water hogshead, in that childsh experiment at parthenogenesis, the changing a horse-hair into a watersnake. An immersion of six weeks showed no change in the obstinate filament, Here was a stroke of unintended

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

PROCLAMATIONS AT INQUESTS (7th S. iii. 369). -Forms of words slightly varying from those quoted by H. C. W. formerly were, and probably are still, used at the opening and closing of inquests by the coroners in the county of Durham and North Yorkshire. In the opening proclamation, after " as ye shall be called," are the words, Every man at the first call under the pain and peril that shall fall thereon." In the closing proclamation the jurors are not enjoined "to depart home at this time and give their attendance on a fresh summons," but to "depart and take their ease." I forget-it being over twenty years since I left the district-whether there was any form in cases of adjournment beyond binding the jury over in their personal recognizances "to our sovereign lady the Queen" to put in an appearance again on the day and at the hour previously agreed upon. One coroner whom I knew invariably gave instructions for fifteen or sixteen jurymen to be warned. If twelve of these were in attendance at the hour fixed they were duly sworn, and the absentees were fined "in the mitigated penalty of ten shillings," unless they could show good and sufficient cause for their absence. Before this was stand at the door and call upon the said absentees done, however, the officer in attendance had to three separate times by name to "come forth and save your peril." I can confirm what H. C. W. have never heard the proclamations used in any says as to the West Riding of Yorkshire. I ALEXANDER PATERSON.

coroner's court there. Barnsley.

CROMWELL (7th S. iii. 107, 137, 232, 276, 415).— MR. RUTTON is correct in thinking that there is no mention made in any pedigree of the marriage of any son of Oliver and Elizabeth Cromwell, except the marriage of Henry Cromwell. It appears to be clear that only two of Sir Oliver's sons married, and Henry Cromwell married twice, whilst the two elder sons died unmarried. John Cromwell, Noble informs us, married in 1631; but for some cause or other the marriage was kept secret until, as

Noble (in his 'Memoirs of the Protectorate House of Cromwell') asserts, it was finally dissolved by Act of Parliament. The petition contained the names of John Cromwell, Abigail Cromwell, his wife, John Smith, and others; and it is stated by the author of the Memoirs' that the House of Commons ordered that the cause between John Smith and others, and the cause between Col. John Cromwell and Abigail, his wife, and the Petition of the said John Smith, then reported,

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History of the Commoners,' vol. i. p. 428, which,
in addition to the descent, contains some curious
information concerning the different members of
the family. In Burke's History of the Landed
Gentry,' 1871, vol. i. p. 303, may be found another,
substantially the same.
JOHN PICKFORD, M.A.
Newbourne Rectory, Woodbridge.

the brass in Henfield Church was contributed (less
EPITAPH (7th S. iii. 426).-This epitaph from
verbally correctly) to 'N. & Q.,' 6th S. xii. 12.
Neither version gives the quaint concluding lines:-
She lived and dyed a vertuous matron,
That with full lamp like virgin wise
Was still prepared for this surprize.
And 's now departed hence to dwell
Unto a place where ioies excell.

and the whole of the business should be referred
to the hearing and determination of the House of
Commons from the Common Law Court." Whether,
according to the course of procedure, the House
did determine the suit Noble does not say. How-
ever, the facts are almost sufficient to explain the
absence of any reference to this marriage being
found on a family pedigree. Another of the Pro-The
tector's relatives, Mrs. Thomas Cromwell, née
Mary Skinner, a lineal descendant of Thomas
Skinner, of Beckerton, Hereford, and daughter of
Nicholas Skinner, merchant, died at Ponder's
End, Enfield, October, 1813, and was aged 105
years.
HENRY A. H. GOODRIDGE, M.A.

18, Liverpool Street, King's Cross.

It may be of interest to your correspondent (MR. GARDNER) to know I have an old manuscript grant of property in St. Stephen's, Coleman Street, London, formerly held by the Cromwell family, and by their descendants, Henry and Hannah Cromwell, then of Spinny, co. Cambridge, who afterwards intermarried into the Hewling family. This document bears the date 1686, and has the signatures of Henry and Hannah Cromwell, with their seals; and it is also witnessed at the back by the signature of a Richard Cromwell.

Colchester.

CHARLES GOLDING.

John Fitz John, son of John Fitz Geoffery, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland, died seized of the manor of Moulton (Northamptonshire), which he held of William Grimband by the service of one knight's fee in the year 1276, and was succeeded by his brother Richard Fitz John. At the final partition of his estates, Moulton Manor was valued at 431. 6s. 11d., and assigned to Robert de Clifford, Baron Clifford, and Idoned, widow of Roger de Leybourn, and wife of John de Crombwell or Cromwell, the two coheirs of Isabel de Vipond, his second sister. In the 9th Edward II. (1316) this John de Cromwell was found to be

lord of the manor of Moulton. This Cromwell

died about 1335, and the manor devolved upon
Edward de Spencer, whose father (Hugh) had
been beheaded at Hereford in 1326. (Vide His-
tory of Northamptonshire,' by W. Whellon, 1849,
pp. 208-9.)
W. M. GARDner.

There is a pedigree of Cromwell, of Cheshunt
Park, representative of the Protector, in Burke's

effigy on the brass represents a stately dame with neck ruff and slashed sleeves, and what looks like a feather fan in her left hand; her right hand rests on the curly head of her "deer Meneleb."

In Shipley Church, in the same county, I copied another of about the same date off a fine alabaster monument to Sir Thomas Caryll (1616), which for lofty bombast is, perhaps, unsurpassed :—

Ask not who lies entombed, that crime
Argues you lived not in his time;
His virtues answer, and to Fate
Outliving him, express their hate
For stealing 'way the life of one
Who (but for Fashion) needs no stone
To seek his praise. His worst did dye,
But best part outlives memorye.

Then view, read, trace, his tombe, praise, deedes,
Which teares, joy, love, strain, causeth, breeds.

Its peculiarity occurs in the last two lines, the three
nouns of each of which have to be mentally paired
off in reading with the verbs that qualify them,
thus: "view his tombe, reade his praise, trace his
deedes," &c.
R. H. BUSK.

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wich was purchased by Alleyn at a total cost of 10,000l." As a matter of fact the whole estate, buildings included, was valued at 800l. only. True, we may reckon a money gift temp. Queen Elizabeth of 800%. to be worth 10,000l. now; but this property is now worth some half-million, the difference being all unearned increment. A. HALL. P.S.-I may refer to my paper published in the Academy, June 4, p. 397.

R. S. TURNER (7th S. iii. 508).-Mr. Turner gave me one of his reprints not mentioned by MR. ASHBEE. It has no title-page, but begins, "Senat, séance du mardi 4 juin 1861." It consists of a reprint of a report in French of the case of M. Libri, and comprises 132 octavo pages. He had it printed in answer to the pamphlet of Prof. De Morgan, but, on account of the latter's death, never issued it. RALPH THOMAS.

For the relative value of money in England at THE STANDARDS OF THE BRITISH REGIMENTS different periods, see 'N. & Q.,' 1" S. ii. ix. xi. xii.; under General Burgoyne in the American Cam2nd S. i. iv. ix. x. xii.; 3rd §. i. ii. v.; 4th S. xii.;paign of 1777 (7th S. iii. 475).— 5th S. iv.; 6th S. ii. iv. x. xi.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

An old friend of 'N. & Q.,' Mr. J. O. HalliwellPhillipps, says in his prefatory note to his invaluable Outlines of Shakespeare,' sixth edition :

"In balancing the Shakespearean and the present currencies the former may be roughly estimated from a twelfth to a twentieth of the value in money and from a twentieth to a thirtieth in landed or house property. Even these scales may be deceptively in favour of the older values, there having been, in Shakespeare's days, a relative and often a fictitious importance attached to the precious metals, arising from their comparative scarcity and the limited appliances for dispensing with their use."

ESTE.

LUNDY'S LANE (7th S. ii. 428, 477; iii. 351). -It is curious to compare different accounts of events in history. MR. WAGGONER, of America, recently quoted the United States forces in this battle at 2,600 and the British at 4,500; but William James, the historian, a very exact and painstaking author, states in his Military Occurrences,' published in 1818, that the British entered into action with 1,770 men only, and were reinforced at night with 1,230 more, who in the dark blundered into a disadvantageous position. The American army, according to the same author, numbered more than 4,000 men.

H. Y. POWELL, F.R. Hist. Soc.

17, Bayswater Terrace, W.

INN SIGNS (7th S. iii. 448).-I wish to point out an error of CUTHBERT BEDE'S. I have inquired of the oldest inhabitants in the neighbourhood, but none of them has ever known an inn the sign of "The Pickle" opposite Magdalene College. There is "The Pickerel Inn," which has always been known by that name. F. L. Cambridge.

Opposite to Magdalene College, Cambridge, is an inn with the sign of "The Pickerel," which I believe is one that is not uncommon. I have known the street nearly forty years, and can answer for it that I never heard of "The Pickle" inn in it or in any other. I think your correspondent must have been misinformed.

Magdalene College, Cambridge.

ALFRED NEWTON.

"The old tattered colours of the 33rd regiment of foot, under which they were engaged in several actions during the revolutionary war with North America, are hung up in the chancel of this church (St. Mary Magdalen). On the arrival of that regiment in this town, after the peace of 1783, they had new colours presented to them, which were consecrated here, and the old ones deposited in the vestry. The actions in which the 33rd regiment was engaged under these colours in America were those of Brooklyn, in Long Island, Aug. 27, 1776; Brandywine, Sept. 11, 1777; German-Town, Oct. 4, 1777; Freefield, on the retreat from Philadelphia, June 28, 1777; Camden, under Lord Cornwallis, Aug. 16, 1780; Guilford, March 15, 1781; and in the defence of YorkTown, 1781."-The History of Taunton,' by James Savage, 1822.

These old colours seem, shortly after the above church authorities to my grandfather, the late was written, to have been presented by the Col. Kemeys - Tynte, of Halswell, Bridgwater, whose grandfather, Col. (afterwards Lieut.-General) Johnson, commanded the 33rd Regiment at the battle of Dettingen. The colours, or what remains of them, are still in the possession of the present

owner of Halswell.

Torquay.

ST. DAVID KEMEYS-TYNTE.

In reference to the above I beg to state that several of the regiments therein quoted were represented by their flank companies (the Grenadier and Light Infantry) only. These would not have taken colours on active service, as colours always remain with the headquarters of the regiment. I can answer for the 29th Foot not having lost any colours at Saratoga or elsewhere.

H. EVERARD, Capt., late 29th Foot. RICHARD MARTIN (7th S. iii. 328, 417, 522).I venture to say that there is even a more amusing anecdote than Jerden's regarding the Prince of Connemara, told by Father Tom Burke, and to be found in the first chapter of his Life,' published last year by Messrs. Kegan Paul, Trench & Co.

EBLANA.

'ECCE HOMO' (7th S. iii. 497).—SIGMA requires information concerning D. I. Eaton and Ecce Homo.' I possess a copy printed by D. I. Eaton, Ave Maria Lane, 1813, pp. 344; but Eaton was tried and convicted 1812 for selling Paine's works.

It is, therefore, unlikely that he would be tried for printing 'Ecce Homo' the following year, and still further remarkable that punishment did not follow conviction. Forgiveness in those days resembled the mercy vultures give to lambs-covering and devouring.

two other mottoes are given, and the words "trans-
lated from the French" are omitted. The trans-
lation has been attributed to George Houston.
G. F. R. B.

ITALIAN BOOK WANTED (7th S. iii. 518).—The work in question is found in the Library of the British Museum under "Badini (Carlo Francesco)."

R. S. CHARNOCK.

Houston, the author of 'Ecce Homo,' was a writer on the Statesman, and to escape persecution emigrated to America, and was the author of 'Israel Vindicated,' a work of great historical research, in thirty-two letters, under the assumed Kindly allow me to point out that this poem ap'THE OWL CRITIC' (7th S. iii. 189, 315).name of Nathan Joseph, published by Collins, peared in Harper's New Monthly Magazine, July, New York. The style and mode of thought are 1879, p. 177. evidently from the same author, and 'Israel Vindi-" Anglicized," "The Owl Critic' found its way into Before this publication became cated' contains whole pages of acknowledged ex- various English periodicals, and was again reprotracts from 'Ecce Homo,' published by Eaton. My duced, with the same illustrations as before, in American copy of 'Israel Vindicated' bears date Harper's Christmas number, 1881, which number New York, 1820. WILLIAM HARRIS. Nottingham. made up" of articles selected from previous W. ROBERTS. 11, Frederick Street, Gray's Inn Road.

For particulars about Daniel Isaac Eaton and his trials for libel and blasphemy, see Annual Register, xxxviii. 26; xlv. 454; liv. 272. But no

mention is made of a book entitled 'Ecce Homo.' EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

was

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issues.

ORIGINAL OF THE DROESHOUT PORTRAIT OF

SHAKSPEARE (7th S. iii. 425).-F. J. F. will find very full details about the Felton (not Fulton) porThe Library, Claremont, Hastings. trait in the fine thick quarto volume, 'The Portraits Daniel Isaac Eaton, a noted bookseller, of High delphia, published three or four years ago, with a of Shakespeare,' by J. Parker Norris, of PhilaHolborn and Ave Maria Lane, was tried on Feb. 24, large number of engravings of the pseudo-portraits; 1793, but acquitted, for a libel called 'Hogs-Wash; and also in Boaden's Inquiry' (1824) and Wivell's or, Politics for the People.' On June 5 following more elaborate 'Inquiry (1827). The last, howhe was again prosecuted at the Old Bailey for pub-ever, should be consulted in the complete edition lishing Paine's Rights of Man.' He stood two or (pp. 254) and the Supplement' (1824), pp. 52. The three times in the pillory for different offences, and Life Portraits' by Friswell (1864) would also ento avoid a heavier punishment emigrated to America, lighten him. whence he returned when he fancied that no prosecution was to be dreaded. Falling again into his old practices, he was tried on March 6, 1812, for again publishing some of the writings of Thomas Paine. This was his sixth prosecution, and upon being brought up for judgment in May he was sentenced to eighteen months' imprisonment and to stand in the pillory. He died at Deptford, September, 1814, in poverty and contempt. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

This book first appeared in 1799, its title being, "Ecce Homo! or, a Critical Enquiry into the History of Jesus Christ: being a Rational Analysis of the Gospels,......translated from the French (London, printed for the booksellers, 1799, 12mo.)." The translator in the "advertisement" states that he has been unable to discover the name of "the original author of this anonymous work," but if "he might venture to hazard a conjecture he would ascribe it to M. Boulanger, the learned author of 'L'Antiquité Dévoilée." "The second edition appeared in 1813, "printed, published, and sold by D. I. Eaton, Ave-Maria Lane, Ludgate Street, and to be had of all booksellers." The title is the same, except that instead of a motto from St. Augustine

ESTE.

CORRECTION OF SERVANTS (7th S. iii. 229, 350, 462).-Englishmen in India, however indefensible the custom, have good authority for chastising their native servants :

whole brother, may be corrected, when they commit "A wife, a son, a servant, a pupil, and a younger faults, with a rope, or the small shoot of a cane; but on the back part only of their bodies, and not on a noble part by any means."-Institutes of Menu,' viii. 299-300, in Mill's 'India,' vol. i. p. 311.

Hastings.

EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A.

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