From that time I wandered o'er Glory's laurel, Beauty's rose. W. L. [A very large number of correspondents supply the reference to Arnault.] DOLLAR (7th S. ii. 509; iii. 118, 233).-MR. ERNST asks for a quotation of this word between 1623 and 1745. The following is from Phillips's 'New World of Words' (sixth edition, 1706). I have not access to the earlier editions, but it will probably be in them also:— "Dollar, a foreign coin: The Zeoland, or common Dollar is worth 3 Shillings Sterling, the Specie-Dollar 5s. The Dollar of Riga, 4s. 8d. Of Lunenburgh and Brisgaw, 4s. 2d. Of Hamburgh, 3s. 2d.” See also 'N. & Q.,' 6th S. xi. 467; xii. 14. ROBERT F. GARDINER. There can be no doubt that he took to the profession of arms at a very early age. If the earl was born, as related by Mr. Fraser (op. cit., p. 55), "about the year 1619," and if he had "trailed a pike" in Hepburn's Regiment in France, as stated by the Scottish Nation,' s.v. "Middleton, Earl of," his appearance as a captain under Montrose, circa 1639, stated by Mr. Fraser, would, I think, indicate his having joined the colours probably as early as sixteen years of age. Considering the times, this seems not at all unlikely. The earl must also have married young, as Mr. Fraser (op. cit.) gives "about" the same date as that of his captaincy, 1639, for his marriage with Grizel Durham of Pitkerrow. While on the subject of the history of the first Earl of Middleton, I may perhaps remark that his change from the Parliamentary to the Royalist side during the Civil War bears a perfectly natural aspect. General Middleton, already a tried soldier, was appointed Lieutenant-General of the Cavalry of THE SOBRIQUET "ALBÉ" (7th S. iii. 425).—Are the Scottish Estates when the "Engagement" was we not all at sea here? The extended form "Alba- formed, in 1648, for the rescue of the king. From neser" is clear; see 'Childe Harold," "The Arnauts this time to the end of his life Middleton was on or Albanese," note b to canto ii.; "The Albanese, the king's side, and was rewarded with the Scottish particularly the women, are frequently termed titles of Earl of Middleton, Lord Clermont and Caliriotes," note c, in continuation. From Alba-Fettercairn, by letters patent dated Oct. 1, 1660, nese, thus established, we get Albaneser, like Posener, Berliner, Londoner, because Byron doted on this people, and became their blood-brother by adoption. A. H. LIEUT.-GENERAL MIDDLETON [FIRST EARL OF MIDDLETON] (7th S. iii. 496; iv. 38).-John, first Earl of Middleton, sometime High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland and an Extraordinary Lord of Session, was undoubtedly not the same person as Sir Thomas Middleton of Chirk Castle, nor did he derive his name from the same source. The researches of R. W. C. do not seem to have extended to Burke's 'Dormant and Extinct Peerages,' to Lord Hailes's 'Senators of the College of Justice,' or to Anderson's 'Scottish Nation,' from any one of which works he might have learned the identity of the general with the earl. Fuller and more accurate genealogical information concerning the early history of the Middletons of Kilnhill, afterwards of Caldhame, may be found in the valuable 'History of Laurencekirk' (Edinburgh and London, 1880), by Rev. W. R. Fraser, minister of Maryton, a correspondent of 'N. & Q' The Christian name of the first Earl of Middleton, as I have already mentioned, was John. He was the son and successor, says Mr. Fraser (op. cit., p. 55), of Robert Middleton of Caldhame, by Catherine Strachan, of the house of Thornton. Lord Hailes, Senators of the College of Justice' (repr. Edinburgh, 1849), calls his father John and his mother Helen. The Scottish Nation' in the main closely follows Lord Hailes. confirming the original creation in 1656. These titles were forfeited in 1695 by the general's son Charles, second earl, who followed James VII. into exile, and eventually obtained, we are told, the entire management of his court at St. Germains. Sir Bernard Burke does not follow the issue male of the second earl, but it is mentioned in the Scottish Nation' that his sons, John, Lord Clermont, and Hon. Charles Middleton, having been captured by Admiral Byng in an attempted descent upon Scotland in 1708, were imprisoned in England, but were subsequently released, and thereafter returned to France. Who may be the present male representative of the Earls of Middleton does not appear in the ordinary accounts. But apart from the Kilnhill family, ancestors of the earl, and the line of the earls themselves, there are not fewer than six families of the name recorded in Burke's 'General Armory' (1878). It is, of course, quite possible that Biscoe's Earls of Middleton' may contain details as to the later generations of the first earl's family not to be found in the books which I have cited. The point only arises here incidentally, and I simply send these notes from_books of reference, quantum valeant. C. H. E. CARMICHAEL. New University Club, S.W. "MUSIC HATH CHARMS TO SOOTHE THE SAVAGE BREAST" (7th S. iii. 369, 466).-G. F. R. B. is correct in adhering to the version of these words for which there is textual authority. In proposing to substitute "beast" for "breast" I think MR. LEE is putting an unnecessary limitation upon the scope of this very suggestive line. The influence of music upon the lower animals is proverbial, but its influence upon human passion is equally so. The "savage breast" is an inclusive phrase; man as well as beast comes rightly within its scope. MR. LEE refers to Act V. sc. i. of 'The Merchant of Venice' as bearing out his suggestion. Perhaps it does; but there are several lines which just as pointedly prove that the "breast" is the sphere of music's charms. Says Lorenzo : The man that hath no music in himself, Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds, ROBERT F. GARDINER. When I was a small boy at school I remember one melancholy occasion on which I was trying to raise my spirits, oppressed by some grievous imposition, by amusing myself with a "mouth melodeon," I think it was called, a species of juvenile musical (?) instrument, when suddenly, to my utter astonishment and dismay, the wretched thing gave utterance to an excruciating screech. The outraged dominy with a glance detected the culprit, and without delay pounced upon the unlucky"mouth melodeon," which was promptly confiscated. I forget whether I had a box on the ears or not, but I know this, that I resented silently and secretly the master's misquotation, which I considered a little too personal, for he said as he snatched the offending article from my lips," Music hath charms to soothe the savage beast.' " R. STEWART PATTERSON. Hale Crescent, Farnham. CHRIST OR CHRIST'S HOSPITAL (7th S. iii. 517). -Peter Cunningham, an old Blue and school fellow, calls it by the latter name, by which also I knew it during the seven years I spent within its walls. As an authority I send a copy of a broadsheet now before me : The Present State and List of Children on the Royal Foundation of His Late Majesty King Charles II. in Christ's Hospital; presented in all humility and duty to his most Sacred Majesty King William IV. by the President, Treasurer, and Governors of the said Hospital, the First day of January, MDCCCXXXII. London: Printed by Ann Rivington, Printer to Christ's Hospital, MDCCCXXXII. As further proof of the correct designation I may also add that I possess a watch and prize medal in both of which the governors are described as of “Christ's Hospital." 71, Brecknock Road, EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. In the churchwardens' account books, St. Mary Woolnoth, London, are pinned several printed receipt forms for rates collected for "the poore harbored" in "Christes Hospital." They are signed "James peele clerke of chrysts hospitall, one being dated October 26, 1583. The printed part of these forms is a very good imitation of the writing of the period. A. W. CORNELIUS HALLEN. known Gunn as a Cornish surname, though I once GUNN (7th S. iii. 248, 524).—I have not myself lived for some time in Cornwall. It is certainly the name of a clan in Caithness and Sutherland, mentioned in a Roll of Broken Clans (Act. Parl. Scot.), 1594. There is not likely to be any relationship between Cornish and Scottish Gunns. As a Scottish name an account will be found, s.v., in Anderson's 'Scottish Nation.' Armorially speaking, I find no trace of Cornish Gunns in Burke's 'General Armory' (1878), where I find, besides the Caithness and Sutherland clan above mentioned, two Irish families, spelling the name Gun; one Scottish family, Gun-Monro (or Munro) of Poyntzfield, Cromarty, of the Scottish Gunns by arms, though using the Irish spelling; one Scoto-Irish family, Gun-Cuninghame, Irish by its arms and spelling; one English family, Gun of Norfolk, with the Irish spelling, but with arms differing alike from the Irish Guns and the Scottish Gunns. C. H. E. CARMICHAEL. New University Club, S.W. GRECIAN STAIRS (7th S. iii. 475).-Is there formed in en? any instance of the pl. of greese-grudus being formed in en? Mätzner, Altenglische Sprachwell as grees, the pl. of the false singular gree. The proben,' iii. 308, gives the pl. as greeses, greces, as en pl. is certainly not usual with any but weak A.-S. nouns, though in South Notts and North Leicestershire the pl. housen is commonly used. There are a few cases where it has been similarly extended by false analogy to strong nouns, but its application to a word of French origin strikes me as unprecedented. Wyclif forms the plural in -es. If, as I suspect, there is no instance of the pl. greesen, the origin of "Grecian Stairs" must be sought elsewhere. I suggest that "Grecian" is here derived from gressyng, which is clearly enough grees + suffix ing. My evidence for this form is derived from the Nottingham records. In the chamberlain's accounts for 1571-2 a payment is entered to John Patten of 58. chief-rent "for the Halle Gressynges" (Records of the Borough of subsequent accounts of Queen Elizabeth's reign, Nottingham,' iv. 146, 8). The payment occurs in the and the spelling is either gresynges or gressynges. The meaning of the entry is explained by the account for 1589-90, "Item payde to Maister Osbaston for the Towne Hall steares, vs." (No. 1630, p. 53). The money was paid to the queen's bailiff, and was originally a chief-rent paid to the chaplain of the Amyas Chantry for a piece of land upon which an extension of the Town Hall was built in 1479-80. It was a mistake to regard this as a payment one which you have published: "Arise, arise, Sir Madison Square, N.Y. of the Town Hall stairs. In the earlier accounts the payment is described as "the chefe of the Hall'" ('Records,' iii. 320, 15, A.D. 1503-4), and as the "cheffe rent of the Towne Hawle" (id., iii. 391, 25, A.D. 1540-1). I am hence unable to trace the word further back than 1568-9, when it first occurs in the chamberlain's accounts (No. 1611, p. 16). But we have here sufficient evidence to prove that gressynges was understood in Nottingham to mean stairs. This is further proved by an FLEET LANE (7th S. iii. 428).—Did not Fleet entry in 1574-5 of a payment for "mendyng the Lane run at right angles, or something near, to gressynges at Malynhyll' goinge downe to the the Fleet River, about midway between old "HolMarche, ijs." (Records,' iv. 159, 6). These gress-borne Bridge" and "Fleete Bridge"? (Vide anynges are either what are now known as Long cient map of London in Queen Elizabeth's time, Stairs" or "Short Stairs." We have evidence of accompanying Old and New London.") the local use of grese = flight of steps in 1510-11, "Item for íij. steppes to a grese ther, iijd." (id., iii. 335, 21); and again in 1549-50, "The housse and pynfold at the steyres and greysses in the Narow Mersshe" (id., iv. 97, 20). W. H. STEVENSON. Mr. Streatfeild ('Lincolnshire and the Danes,' p. 281, note) partly inclines to the belief that this name is derived from the O.N. grásteinn, hard stone. It has often struck me as curious that in none of the many notes I have seen upon this subject has there been any reference to the little Merionethshire village of Tan-y-grisiau, which lies close under the mountains behind Ffestiniog, and from which the ascent of Moelwyn is most frequently made. The name is said to mean "the foot of the stairs" (cf. Stairfoot, near Barnsley), an interpretation which suggests the query, Is there any connexion between this Welsh place-name and our old English greece, a step, greezen, stairs? C. C. B. In Old and New London,' vol. ii., in writing of the old bridges over the Fleet, Mr. Thornbury says: "The bridge at the end of Fleet Lane, called the Middle Bridge, was of stone, and was, like Bridewell, ascended by fourteen steps; the arch being high enough to admit of ships with merchandise to pass under it." Ch. xl. p. 422, According to the map and Mr. Thornbury, Fleet Lane did not run parallel with the Fleet Ditch, or how could the bridge be at the end of it? Fleet Lane ran, and still runs, into the Old Bailey, which to the north, as now, cuts Newgate Street from Holborn (Viaduct). Also, did not the old Fleet Prison on one side face into Fleet Lane ? HERBERT HARDY. Thornhill Lées, Dewsbury. This thoroughfare is to the north of the site of the old Fleet Prison, and extends from Farringdon Street (formerly known as Fleet Market) to the Old Bailey. The construction of the railway from Ludgate Hill to Snow Hill about 1866 effected great changes in this quarter, and many houses in Fleet Lane were swept away. Fifty years ago it was an obscure thoroughfare, with houses on both sides tenanted by small shopkeepers, and showed but little animation, except upon occasions when there happened to be an execution at Newgate. As the result of an application to ParliaAn example of this duplication of synonym by ment, Fleet Market was built over the old Fleet translation is found in the parish from which I Ditch, and was opened about 1737. The position write, in the case of a small copse called Boys' of Farringdon Street, in the very heart of London, Wood, which is nothing else than "Bois-wood." and its unusual breadth, suggest the idea of a row of trees on each side, after the manner of a bouleDucklington, Oxon. vard. Were this suggestion adopted the effect MASTER AND SERVANT (7th S. iii. 45, 89, 157, from Holborn Viaduct would be very striking. 397).—The return to versions of 'Master and Servant' reminds me that I failed to send you a variant which my mother used to repeat to me more than forty years ago. My impression is that she learned it from an eccentric negress named "Purchase," said to have been a native African princess, brought to this country in the days of slave trading. The story that served as a framework was practically identical with the W. D. MACRAY. WM. UNDERHILL. Fleet Lane was not parallel to Fleet Ditch, but at right angles to it, on the east side, running down the steep descent from the Old Bailey, nearly opposite the Sessions House, by the side of the Fleet Prison. The lane still exists, by the same name, but the construction of the London, Chatham, and Dover Railway has greatly altered its character. E. VENABLES. CROW v. MAGPIE (7th S. iii. 188, 298, 414, 524). There are numerous formulas contained in early English medical manuscripts for this purpose, which many, no doubt, preferred to the use of boiling pitch or of hot irons, before that happy time when Ambrose Parè had revealed to him the superior virtues of a ligature of thread. I have copied the following blood charms from a medical manuscript in my library of the time of Edward IV., which contains several of these venerable remedies for various affections. The first is written in Latin, with contractions. I give a literal transcription. The second is in English. "Charme for to Staunche Blood. Longinus Miles latus+domini n'ri+ Ih'u x'ri, lancea p'forauit & continuo exuit sanguis et aqua in redempto'nem n'ram+ Adiuro te sanguis p'+ip'm xr'm p'+latus eius p'+sanguine eius. Sta+sta+sta+. xr c Iohannes descenderunt in flumen iordanis. Aqua obstipuit & stetit. Sic faciat sanguis istius corporis. In +x'ri nomine & sa' Ioh'is Baptiste. Amen & dicat ter p'r n'r." Charme in Englysh. Ihu that was in Bethlem borne and baptizid was in floin iordun, and stynte the water up on the stoon. Stynte the blood of this man, & by yisuante forth the vertue of thin holy name+Ihu & of swete seynt Iohn. And sey this charme v tymes. With v p'r n'r in the worschyp of the v Woundes." In copying this charm I have substituted the letters th for their abbreviated contraction in the manuscript. With this necessary alteration it is a verbatim copy. W. FRAZER, M.R.I.A. THE SUFFIX NY OR NEY IN PLACE-NAMES (7th S. iii. 475).—I have little doubt that most names ending in the suffix -ny or -ney will turn out to be compounds of an A.-S. weak noun and the A.-S. eg, an island. In other words, the n is the n of the gen. of a weak noun, or, perhaps occasionally, of a weak adjective. For instance, Osney is plainly *O'san-leg, the island of a man named O'sa, gen. O'san, or of a woman named *O'se, gen. *O'san. I imagine that the name Sidney is a local name, and represents an A.-S. *Sidan-ieg, the island of *Sida, masc., or *Side, fem. There is a Sidenore in Domesday (246, col. 2), representing an A.-S. *Sidan-ora. Scotney is *Scotan-ieg, from the personal name *Scota, masc., or *Scote, fem. The instances cited by MR. ADDY I am unable to trace. By Rodney I suppose he means Stoke Rodney, Somerset, formerly known as Stoke Gifford (Eyton, Somerset Domesday,' i. 132). Here Rodney is a family name. Has Wastney arisen from some confusion with the French Gatinois, called Vasteneis by Wace? · W. H. STEVENSON. MR. ADDY asks if the meaning of the suffix -ney in such names as Rodney, Wastney, and Oakney is known. It would be unwise to deny that there is such a suffix, but its existence has not yet been established. To prove its existence it would be necessary to take some place-name, Rodney, for example, and demonstrate on incon testable evidence that the first part of the word is Rod-, and in this manner force the conclusion that the suffix is -ney. I have with this intention examined many words, but without success. Bradney, for instance, looks full of promise. We know that Brad- in the sense of "broad" is a common prefix, e. g., Bradfield, Bradford, Bradley, Bradshaw; and it is certain that if Brad- in Bradney could be shown to mean "broad," we should then have a clear case for the suffix -ney. But, in the absence of all positive evidence one way or another, how can we say that Bradney does not represent Bradinga-ig, the isle of the Bradingas, for the A.-S. Chronicle' provides us with an analogy in Aethelinga-ig, which is now Athelney; and as for the Bradingas, they have left their name elsewhere, namely, in Brading? So also in the case of Rodney and Oakney, as long as the field is occupied by conjectures only, it is surely the better plan to regard the n as the survival of a patronymic termination in the genitive plural. Rodney will then be interpreted Rodinga-ig, and Oakney as Wocinga-ig. These tribal names are found elsewhere, and for the loss of initial w compare Wudiham, now Odiham. Wastney, too, may conceal a tribal name; or it may be derived from Westan-ig, i. e., Island, cf. Westan-wudu; or, again, its first form may have been Wésten-ig, i. e., Desert Island, cf. Wésten-setl, desert dwelling. The n may conceivably in some instances be the survival of a gen. plur. in -ena; thus Witney may Wítena-ig. In some other instances it may represent a gen. sing. in -an from weak nouns. More advanced students than I am may be able to suggest other methods of explaining away the n; at all events they will require very strong evidence to convince them of the existence of the suffix -ney; and I am sure they will be of the opinion that in words whose derivation is matter of guess-work, it is preferable to make conjectures with the help of the suffixes that we already have rather than fly to others that we know not of. With regard to Redineys, which MR. ADDY says is a field-name, its original form may have been Ridding-heys, i.e., "the enclosures in the clearing." But this is merely a guess. Bradford. West C. J. BATTERSBY. Keltic, and French languages contain thirty words At the above cited reference MR. ADDY is making an error in syllabication by suggesting that -ney is a suffix in such place-names as Rodney, Wastney, and Oakney. The suffix is not -ney, but-ey, Icelandic, "island." Then preceding the -ey is the terminal letter of the prefix, or in some names all that remains of a medial syllable. FREDERICK DAVIS, F.S.A. Palace Chambers, St. Stephen's, N.W. LITERARY CLUB (7th S. iii. 476).-MR. NELSON will find a full account of this club in Timbs's 'Club Life,' i. 204, and at p. 216 he will see that the club changed its name very improperly to the His works were ruined when I have searched for the MASLIN PANS: YETLIN POTS (6th S. vi. 47, 158; x. 289; xii. 471; 7th S. iii. 385, 485).—Í will be brief. Mechlin pans were well known in Flanders. The guild of Mechlin pan-makers was ancient and important. Mechlin pans were imported into England; but after 1610 were made "Johnson Club" when the "Thatched House in England, first at Wandsworth, then at ColTavern " was pulled down and the society migrated by the family of Hallen, whose ancestor, Cornelius brookdale, and other towns in the Black Country, to the "Clarendon Hotel," which celebrated its Hallen, of Wandsworth, was born in Mechlin. The centenary September, 1864. Mr. Walford points out in 'Old London,' iii. 178, some inaccuracies in making of brass pans in England prior to 1610 was Timbs. For instance, the club first went to "Gril-metal pots, but they were not pan-makers. John exceptional. Bell-founders may have made belllion's Hotel," and as Grillion went to the "Claren- Brode, of Isleworth, in 1585, was the first Englishdon" it went with him. But, that is not very man who made brass pans as a trade. His were material; and now the "Clarendon" itself has disappeared, and perhaps the club too, for there is beaten out, not cast. He called them brass pans, not Maslin pans. no such club known to the London Directory. the Wandsworth foundry was started. Maslin as Hallam and Macaulay both belonged to it, and a Saxon word is tolerably common as applied to Dean Milman was the secretary. Timbs brings mixed corn. The word, be it Dutch or Saxon, together the two cleverly sketched pictures from the hand of Macaulay of the room they met in, and other than pans. I know of only one instance, was exceedingly rare as applied to metal goods of Johnson's predominancy there even over the "Two great Candlesticks of Mastlin" (Wolvervoluminously worded Burke, who notoriously was a bad listener. MR. NELSON will be amused if he word in all likely places for years. The usual name hampton will, 1541). compares the bullying fashion of Johnson's con- for brass ware was laten or latton (Dutch), or less versation, with its "Why, sir ?" "What then, sir ?" "You do not see your way through this question, ceivable to me that an obsolete Saxon word should frequently cullen, i. e., from Cologne. It is inconsir," and the like amenities, with Judge Jeffreys's have been revived in favour of a Flemish pan and language to Counsellor Ward in the case of Prit- of nothing else, the more that the said pan was chard v. Papillon, Nov. 6, 1684, “You have made a long speech here, and nothing at all to the pur- I have already shown that Maslin was an English "Mechlin pan," of which already well-known as a pose,' ," "I perceive you do not understand the question," "I see you do not understand what you are about," and much more in the same vein, till a hiss was heard in court, followed by a savage roar from the scarlet pustuled face, "I would fain know that fellow that would dare to hum or hiss while I sit here," and so on. In manners there was nothing to choose between the men except ribaldry, which Johnson never fell into; but they both, if vexed, bellowed like Polyphemus. In the appendix to Croker's 'Boswell' (i. 533, ed. 1844) there is a very complete list of the club from its formation down to 1829, furnished by C. Hatchett, the treasurer. Scott, Macintosh, Hallet, Chantrey, Buckland, and Butler were of it. When it outgrew the first dozen members Johnson lost interest in it. The socially eminent rather swamped the literary men in it. When the pre-requisite of mem form. I do not know where Etlyn is or was. Etlingen, Alloa, N.B. A. W. CORNELIUS HALLEN. CURIOUS WORDS AND PHRASES IN QUARLES'S VIRGIN WIDOW' (7th S. iii. 246, 484).—My obje st in recording any curious words or phrases that I meet with is not with a view to the augmentation of the New English Dictionary,' of which some of us may not live to see the completion, but for the benefit of persons who, like myself, read old |