English literature and wish to understand what they read. I confess I do not quite understand the drift of DR. NICHOLSON'S Contribution; but the references as to snout-fair given by him and your other correspondents are very useful. Qualcoms.-This word, I think, cannot possibly mean what DR. NICHOLSON suggests. The following is the passage : "Be it known to all men by these presents, that I, Jeffery Quibble, am the trusty and right well beloved servant and Kinsman to the renouned, famous, skilfull, learned, able, admirable, incomparable Master of Phisgigge, Cornelius Quack, a man of rare Qualcoms, and singular imperfections, who by his studies abroad, and travells at home, through France......bath marvelously unbefitted himself with all manner of Oyles ....bountifully unstor'd with all sorts of Preservatives .....Richly unfurnisht with all kind of Prescripts, Deceits, and all other rare impediments belonging to a man of his Defunction, who to the great demolishment of this Town, and benefice of this Incorruption, hath redressed himself to you, and here sets up his Banck, offering health to the imperfermity of your bodies; Soundnesse to the impudencie of your limbs, and present cure to your outward Malanders, and inward exturbances. And for your further satisfaction of his deficiencie in this kind," &c. this cannot = DR. NICHOLSON Says of qualcoms, "From the farcical nonsense of the whole speech, and from the very next phrase, singular imperfections,' qualities. Not improbably it is Quarles's variant of qualms, and used in the sense-the worst in a physician's character-of indecision of judgment." I know that DR. NICHOLSON has a pretty turn of sly humour; but I scarcely think that he can be serious in expecting one to accept this interpretation. Perhaps he would like to read "studies at home and travells abroad" for "studies abroad and travells at home," and for "unbefitted himself," "befitted" or "fitted himself." If so, I will admit his consistency at the expense of his common sense. I should like to hear his comments on Dogberry's speeches. If I could find any instance of the use of "qualification" in its modern sense I would suggest that qualcoms was a blunder for "qualifications"; but in all the passages that I can find in the literature of the seventeenth century," qualification" is used more in the sense of " modification." Curtain-lectures.-I hope DR. NICHOLSON Will find his references as to the earlier occurrence of this expression, for it is one the history of which is most interesting; but to have this history exact accurate references are absolutely necessary. the fyste, writhinge her trayne, muche gapinge upward, or champpinge wt her beake, offeringe her beake ofte to the panell" (p. 26). The latter passage seems to show that DR. NICHOLSON's definition is right, if, as I suppose, by "lowest gut” he means the rectum. Panel.-DR. NICHOLSON says this "is not the stomach of a hawk, but the lowest gut." In Harting's reprint, A Perfect Booke for Kepinge of Sparhawkes or Goshawkes' (Quaritch, 1886), the word is given in the glossary as the stomach of a hawk"; it occurs in two passages, "Meates wch endew sonest and maketh the hardest panell" (p. 7); and amongst the "Tokens of Worms" such symptoms are noticed as "Strayning sodaynly on Dr. Grosart's edition of Quarles's works I have not seen. All that gentleman's editions of old English authors are very valuable to students, but the price he puts upon them is so prohibitive that I am sorry to say my purse is not long enough to enable me to indulge in their possession. F. A. MARSHALL. 8, Bloomsbury Square, W.C. NORDEN'S LONDON BRIDGE (7th S. i. 444).—I have long had a doubt as to the picture of London Bridge in the Pepysian Library at Cambridge being what it professes to be. The Norden of 1597 itself, beyond doubt, rather discredits it. True, the Norden eastern aspect and the Pepysian western make comparison difficult. It certainly looks to me as if done much later, perhaps made up a little by the artist; it appears altogether too pictorially finished. The practice was at least probably in use. Thomson, 'London Bridge,' p. 366, says, as to the view represented as of the bridge in 1599," I am half inclined to believe, however, that lished in 1657." There is in the Print Room, this prospect is made up from Hollar's view pubBritish Museum, a rare, if not unique, view signed "Rombout Vanden Hoey." This, as well as the circumstances of the fire which burnt down the north end of the bridge in 1632-3, would, I think, require a little study before deciding. I should like to know the opinion of any reader of 'N. & Q.,' especially of DR. FURNIVALL, upon this matter. "It The librarian of the Pepysian Collection at Magdalen sends me, in answer to my question as to the drawing of the bridge here referred to, is entered in the index to vol. i.,' Views of London and Westminster,' as London Bridge on fire, an old drawing. These views were put together' A.D. 1700. The index was no doubt compiled by S. P. himself, or under his superintendence.A. G. P." This still further confuses the identifi cation and date. WILLIAM RENDLE. Needle, which some editors have called St. Wilfred's, and thereupon connected it with the crypt at Ripon (p. 410). This is doubtless the one at Rosebery Topping referred to by ST. SWITHIN, and I suspect that "Winifred" is a mistake, and that all the openings referred to have been named after the famous "Seyntwilfrydenedyll" at Ripon, well known eo nomine in mediæval times. Bp. Hatfield's Hall, Durham. J. T. F. The cleft in the rock on Rosebery Topping is called "St. Winifryd's Needle" in the description of Cleveland of the time of James I. printed in the Topographer and Genealogist, vol. ii. (1853), p. 410, where see the note. W. C. B. a separate treatment of their own, which I hope to be Eadmer's life of St. Oswald the Archbishop. The life able to give them before long." The volume opens with itself has been printed at least twice before, but the second part, containing the miracles which were believed to have been wrought through the intercession of the saint, now sees the light for the first time. In former days it was the custom of editors very frequently to omit, when editing mediæval biographies, the wonders with which almost all the literature of that kind abounds. Protestant editors are not alone to blame in this matter. The great Jesuit collection of saints' lives-the Bolhended on this account. It was not unnatural that landist Acta Sanctorum-is sometimes to be repreeditors of former days should not care to print stories to which they did not give even provisional credit. They could not be expected to comprehend what we see now, that even the wildest legend has a value, as showing the state of mind when the beliefs to which it gives an LIEUT. W. DIGBY (7th S. iii. 368).-Entered embodiment were part of the ordinary mind furniture. the service as ensign in the 53rd Foot on Feb-In Eadmer's collection there is little that is curious. In those attributed to St. William, which form a little ruary 10, 1770, and became lieutenant on April 1, tract near the end of the volume, there are several 1773. He remained in the list of lieutenants until which must have taxed the credulity of the least scephe was second senior, but in 1787 his name dis- tical at the time when they are said to have happened. appears, and I cannot ascertain what became of A woman from Murton, near York, was believed to have him, as I have not an Army List of the year 1786. therefrom, but was cured after visiting the saint's tomb ; swallowed a frog, and to have suffered much sickness He probably belonged to the right flank or Grena- and a citizen of York who took some lime away from dier Company of the 53rd; but there was never such a corps as the 53rd Regiment of Grenadiers. Another William Digby was appointed ensign in the 17th or Leicester Regiment on April 8, 1786. R. STEWART PATTERSON, Chaplain H.M. Forces. Hale Crescent, Farnham. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. The Historians of the Church of York and its Arch- the same holy place, as he was crossing the bridge over the Ouse found it turned into bread. Perhaps the most valuable portion of these miscellanies is the chronicle which goes by the name of Thomas Stubbs. That he was the author of only one portion of it Dr. Raine has proved beyond doubt. Whoever were the authors of the beginning and the end, it is convenient to look upon the whole as a complete series of annals, a work which must ever be of value to those interested in the history of the northern province. The documents given concerning the murdered Arch- Remains of St. Mary's Abbey, Dublin, 1886. (Dublin, glad to find, yet exists, and, though degraded to secular uses, is, we gather, in structurally good order. We trust that it may soon be found possible to restore it once more to public use, and to relieve it from the surrounding modern buildings which at present clog it on every side. The book before us is not a history of the abbey, but a series of short papers, most of which, we gather, have been printed elsewhere. Such a miscellany cannot in any way supply the place of a history, but it has its own uses. Any future historian will be glad to possess the information which it enshrines. Many plates of ancient floor-tiles are given. One of them gives a rude representation of the west front of a church, with a central and two western towers. It was found on the site of the abbey, and may be a representation of the church before its desecration. Twenty-two other tiles are figured, all of which have been turned up during recent excavations within the abbey precincts. Many of them are of types which are not uncommon in England, but some seem new in treatment. No. i., four lions' heads crowned within a circle, is quite new to the present writer. Nos. v., vii., xiii., and xiv., all extremely beautiful patterns, are of unfamiliar types. No. xxii. is very curious. It is quite plain, consisting only of the letter V four times repeated. What the symbolism of this may be it is, perhaps, vain to speculate. These tiles suggest an interesting inquiry. Are they of native manufacture, or have they been imported from England? Our impression is that some of them (and if some, probably all) are Irish; but before any definite conclusion can be arrived at it will be necessary to examine and compare other examples discovered in Ireland, and to learn, if it be possible, if any manufactory of ornamental paving tiles existed in Ireland. It was the opinion of the late Mr. Walbran, the learned Yorkshire antiquary, that tiles of this sort were commonly made on or near the spot where they were to be used. It is therefore possible that the monks of St. Mary's may have imported English makers to design and bake their flooring tiles. Historic Towns. Edited by E. A. Freeman and W. Hunt. Oxford. By Charles W. Boase. (Longmans & Co.) Manchester. By George Saintsbury. (Same publishers.) THESE two books are strangely dissimilar, both in matter and style. Oxford, as Mr. Green has told us, was among the first of English municipalities, and "had already seen five centuries of borough life before a student appeared within its streets." The materials for the history of Oxford are consequently large; and Mr. Boase's great difficulty has been to compress his account within the prescribed limits. Some querulous persons may, perhaps, complain that some particular incident, in which they are specially interested, has been inadequately treated. But in series of this kind no reasonable being can expect to find more than a general historical sketch of a town possessing such a lengthy record as Oxford boasts of. We can congratulate Mr. Boase on the happy manner in which he has accomplished a task far from easy, for though the mass of information which he gives us is necessarily condensed, it would be difficult to find a dull page in his book. been a town well inhabited, and the King's subjects inhabitants of the same town well set awork in making cloths as well of linen as of woollen," Mr. Saintsbury is unable to tell us when it first became a manufacturing town. Practically, the history of Manchester commences with the beginning of the Civil War. In order, therefore to fill up the regulation number of pages, Mr. Saintsbury descants somewhat at length on such subjects as the rise of the modern cotton trade, the anti-corn law league, and the principles of the Manchester school of politics. We venture to think that he has committed a grave error in judgment in going out of his way to attack the principles and leaders of the Manchester school in the vehement manner he does. Such polemical disquisitions as Mr. Saintsbury indulges in are as much out of place in a book of this character as they would be in the pages of N. & Q.' Both books are illustrated with a couple of plans. Each is furnished with an index, but even here the dissimilarity of these books is curiously illustrated, for while Mr. Boase's copious index occupies nearly twelve pages, Mr. Saintsbury's apology for one does not fill four. Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica comes out with a double part for June and July, containing, among other features of interest, a very good specimen of sixteenth century heraldic writing and illumination, in the shape of a grant of arms by Hawley, Clarencieux, to Thomas Filetewood, of London, gentleman, Auditor of our Lord the King's County Palatine of Chester and Flint. In the same number the Dalison notes are illustrated by a couple of facsimiles of letters of Roger Dalyson, 1601 and 1602, while an elaborate pedigree of Thorold of Marston is communicated by Mr. H. Farnham Burke, Somerset, and there is a valuable note on the arms of Bartlett of Marldon, in Devonshire, and of other Bartletts and Bartelotts. We remark that the College of Arms is several times referred to in the current number under the unfamiliar designation of the "College of Heralds," which, so far as our memory serves us, is not the style used in official documents when drawn up in English. In Latin the style used may possibly be "Collegium Fecialium," though the King of Arms is described as "Rex Armorum," and not as July Misc. Gen. et Her. "Fecialis," in the very grant printed in the June and Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices: ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." SCRUTATOR ("Oh, for the touch of a vanished hand"). NOTICE. Although originally written for the series of "Historic Towns," Mr. Saintsbury's book is published indepen--Tennyson, "Break, break, break." dently, in consequence of differences of opinion having arisen between Mr. Freeman and the author. Unlike Oxford, Manchester has no early history. It is true that it is mentioned in the Domesday Book, and that Thomas Gresley, in May, 1301, granted a charter to the town, under which it was governed for some five hundred years. But though we learn incidentally, from an Act passed in the thirty-third year of the reign of Henry VIII., that Manchester" is, and hath of long time Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 22, Took's Court, Cursitor Street, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. WA JANTED, COPIES of NOTES AND QUERIES, No. 51, SIXTH SERIES, for which 2s. 6d. each will be given. -Address JOHN C. FRANCIS, Notes and Queries Office, 22, Took'scourt, Cursitor-street, Chancery-lane, E.C. HOLLOWAY'S PILLS.-Wrong made right. 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