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THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. 329, is published THIS DAY. 1. LECKY'S HISTORY of ENGLAND. 2. OUR MEAT SUPPLY. 3. COLERIDGE and the ROMANTIC SCHOOL. 4. LAYARD'S ITALIAN SCHOOLS of PAINTING. 5. GREAT MEN and EVOLUTION. 6. The TITHE QUESTION. 7. EARL of PETERBOROUGH. 8. The LATEST ATTACK on CHRISTIANITY. 9. The MINISTRY and the COUNTRY. HOLLOWAY'S OINTMENT.-Sores, Wounds, Ulcerations, and other diseases affecting the skin are capable of speedy amendment by this cooling and healing Ointment, which has called forth the loudest praise from persons who had suffered for years from bad legs, bad breasts, piles, abscesses, and chronic ulcers, after every hope of cure had long passed away. None but those who have experienced the soothing effect of this Ointment can form an idea of the comfort it bestows by restraining inflammation and allaying pain. Whenever Holloway's Ointment has been once used it has established its own worth, and has again been eagerly sought for as the easiest and safest remedy for all such complaints. In neuralgia, rheumatism, and gout, the same application, properly used, gives wonderful relief. Contents. 1. ETTRICK FOREST and the YARROW. 2. POLITICAL ASSASSINATION. 3. LETTERS of MADAME DE MAINTENON. 4. The EDUCATION of WOMEN. No. 339. 1. ARTICLES: Contents. AETIUS and BONIFACE. By Edward A. Freeman, D.C.L. QUEEN CAROLINE of NAPLES. By Oscar Browning. 2. NOTES and DOCUMENTS.-Letters of the Emperor Julian, by London: LONGMANS, GREEN & CO. THE SIEGES of PONTEFRACT CASTLE, 1644-1648. With 18 Full-Page Plans or Illustrations, including a copy of every known Print, and some original Photographs. Demy 8vo. 436 pp. with 41 pages of Index. Price 188. post free. RICHARD HOLMES, Pontefract. ESTABLISHED 1851. BIRKBECK BANK, Southampton-buildings, Chancery-lane. THREE per CENT. INTEREST allowed on DEPOSITS, repayable on demand. TWO per CENT. INTEREST on CURRENT ACCOUNTS, calculated on the minimum monthly balances, when not drawn below 1001. The Bank undertakes for its Customers, free of charge, the custody of Deeds, Writings, and other Securities and Valuables; the collection of Bills of Exchange, Dividends, and Coupons; and the Purchase and Sale of Stocks, Shares, and Annuities. Letters of Credit and Circular Notes issued. The BIRK BECK ALMANACK, with full particulars, post free on application. FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 23, 1887. investigators I have long meditated rendering, namely, to point out two, what I will not call inaccuracies, but rather misleading inadvertencies, in a couple of works of ordinary every-day reference-one purely typographical, in Strype's 'Continuation of Stow's Survey,' the other-attributable probably to casual carelessness of composition in a book written currente calamo, but of world CONTENTS.-N° 82. NOTES:-Sir John Shorter, 61-Walsh Family, 64-NeposGable, 65-Deaths of English Kings-Shakspeare and Pallas Athene-Michael Richards-Disused Burial-grounds, 66The House that Jack Built '-A Silly Superstition, 67. QUERIES:-Calaber - Anti-Gallican Society - ChamouniRoyal Stuarts-Folk-lore-Cara Mia'-Customs of French Ladies-John Lamb, 67-Cunningham-Hugh Potter-Mr. Stodart on Scottish Family History -Sebastian Cabot-wide repute-Evelyn's 'Diary.' Spinning-wheel Alley-Arms of the City of London-Manual Should MR. RENDLE in even the smallest degree for composing Themes-Genealogical Society, 68-Memoirs of the Little Man '-'Ingoldsby Legends-Rebuilding of St. Paul's-Sir Charles Flower-Napoleon LiteratureSamuel Astley Dunham-Le Fevre-Numismatic, 69. REPLIES:-Scotch Periodicals, 69-First Principles of Philology, 70-Siege of Bolton-Cape Charlotte Dubordieu Family-Name of Ruskin, 71-Holy Thursday-BlazerLease of 999 Years "Gale's Rent"-Keys to NovelsFemale Heresiarchs-Convicts shipped to the Colonies, 72 -'Golden Legend'- Crownation - Maypole CustomFemale Poets, 73-Sykeside - Paris Garden and Christ Church-Military, 74-Bastinado-Sir Abraham Yarner, 75 -Dulcarnon-Authorship of Songs-Doctors of the Church -Montaigne-Densyll-Charles Mordaunt, 76-"A miss is as good as a mile"-Avalon-Ale-Tasters-Bromflat-Poems attributed to Byron-" Daughter" and "Dafter"-Butler's 'Hudibras,' 77-Regimental Histories-A Wallet-MorueRoyal Salutes, 78-Relic of Mary Stuart, 79. NOTES ON BOOKS:-'Dictionary of National Biography,' Vol. XI.-Macray's 'Chronicron Abbatiæ Rameseiensis" Hart and Lyons's Cartularium Monasterii de Rameseia ' Nicholson's Beacons of East Yorkshire-Neilson's 'Annan dale under the Bruces.' Notices to Correspondents, &c. Notes. LORD MAYOR SIR JOHN SHORTER AND JOHN BUNYAN. (See also 'Sir John Shorter, Lord Mayor,' 2nd S. xi. 152, 217, 455; xii. 14; Paris Garden' and Christ Church, Blackfriars,' 7th S. iii. 442, 443, 444, more particularly 444.) One of the chief uses of 'N. & Q.' is to be found in the opportunities from time to time afforded by the incidental comments appearing in its pages of correcting errors and elucidating obscure details in our social history not directly relative to the heading of the subject immediately under consideration. I am quite confident of giving no offence to so indefatigable an antiquary as MR. RENDLE if I avail myself of this valuable feature of your serial to make two trivial corrections in that accomplished chronicler's allusion to London's noted Presbyterian Lord Mayor, Sir John Shorter, of Bankside, Southwark, and his contemporary, the much better known John, who left the English religious world priceless legacies in The Pilgrim's Progress' and 'Grace Abounding.' Were my comments restricted to MR. RENDLE'S incidental remarks (substantially accurate as they are), I might lay myself open to a charge of hypercriticism; but I take the opportunity of very respectfully correcting that gentleman's insignificant lapses to perform a service to my brother resent my presumption in setting right the two trivial errors occurring in his paper-neither of which, I repeat, is at all of the essence of his subject-I seek to deprecate his censure on two grounds, one the imperative necessity he will, I am sure, admit, of the most strict-strict even to minuteness-accuracy in all historical details appearing in your columns; the other because the corrections-bearing about the same proportion to the incidental matter I propose to introduce that Falstaff's bread did to his sack in the very memorable tavern score-will enable me to impart to your readers a few particulars about the connexion of certain civic magnates with the movements which led to the great Revolution of 1688, in details which have either escaped the notice of ordinary annalists altogether or, when adduced, have not infrequently been misunderstood, or at least misrepresented. It will perhaps be convenient to deal in the first place with the typographical error occurring in the edition of Stow most frequently consulted by my fellow students, viz., the folio of 1720. As this essentially misleading mistake occurs in the second volume, in the chapter devoted to a history and description of the temporal government of the City, and in an account of the mayors and sheriffs, rulers long after the death of the designer of the 'Survey,' of course the old tailor-antiquary is not responsible for it: neither, as it will be seen, do I charge his continuator and editor, the erudite Rev. John Strype, with any but the most insignificant amount of negligence. The mistake was obviously the result originally of a simple typographical accident. It consists in this. A list is given of all the mayors of London, professing to ascribe to each one the company of which he was a member as qualifying him for the office, and adding the names of the sheriffs serving during each mayoralty. Under the date 1688, which must be read 1687-8, against the name of Sir John Shorter an asterisk referring to a marginal note is placed. This asterisk should, for reasons which I will presently adduce, indicate Shorter's successor, Sir John Eyles. A reference to Mr. Benjamin Brogden Orridge's work on 'Distinguished Citizens,' pp. 239, 240-nay, a simple turning the leaf on which the marginal note appears back and a * Strype's 'Stow's Survey,' edition of 1720, p. 150 (second column) book v. chap. vi. glance at the second line of the first column of the preceding page will amply justify me in the eyes of students of our civic history for making this, as I submit, very vital correction of a misprint which entails a direct inversion of the facts upon which I shall have to comment in a subsequent part of this paper. Perhaps, after all, we have not very far to seek to find a plausible reason for the reverend editor's misapprehension. On subsequent pages of the same volume, in dealing with the respective histories of the various City companies, lists are furnished of the occupants of the mayoral chair from time to time elected or appointed as members of one of the first twelve guilds. Our investigation need not travel beyond this dozen of great incorporations, because, down to 1742, as I shall have occasion to point out further on, it was erroneously assumed to be matter of legal obligation that the alderman chosen for the civic presidency must have" hailed from " one of these leading companies. Strype has continued these lists down to the date of publication of his two volumes (1720), but in the catalogue of mayors furnished under the title of "The Goldsmiths' Company" the name of Sir John Shorter, 1687-8, is not to be seen. This, then, may have appeared to the editor to have justified the statement in the marginal note that Shorter was never free of the City; and, indeed, | the blank after his name as mayor on p. 150, in in the space usually appropriated to indicating the guild of the chief officer, seems also to show that Strype was not aware that Sir John was affiliated to the Goldsmiths' Company. But it must be remarked that, in the face of the statement on the second line of the preceding page, 149, where again, be it conceded, a similar blank for the guild appears after the name, this hypothesis does not excuse the carelessness of such a gross misstatement as that Sir John never served sheriff. Besides, on p. 150, after the name of Sir John Eyles, there is, ex necessitate rei, a corresponding blank, and as sheriff this interloper's name does not occur at all anywhere in the volume, inasmuch as it is certain that he never served the office. Of course, such a record as Herbert's History of the Twelve Great Companies,' where Shorter's name is found under the head of " Goldsmiths," in its proper place, and under the right mayoral date (see that useful work, vol. ii. p. 200), was not available to the reverend editor; but he should have been aware that in the very volume of the 'Survey' upon which he was engaged the name of Sir John Eyles did not appear in the mayoral list of any of the companies (as, indeed, it could not, he not being a freeman), nor, as I have said, in the catalogue of the names of those who had served sheriffs. This examination, which Strype might have made, I now propose as the test of the accuracy of my statement that the marginal note should properly apply to Eyles, and not to Shorter. To urge the principle de minimis is, I submit, no answer to this essay at correction, inasmuch as I shall shortly proceed to demonstrate, directly, and by implication not too remote, that the error has been adopted without examination by some few, but eminent, subsequent writers on the annals of the great City. The most recent, as well as the most conspicuous instance is afforded in the sumptuous folio tome published last year by the Corporation (editio de luxe), 'The History of the Guildhall,'* where, on p. 202, Eyles's obvious disqualifications are (clearly on the sole authority of Strype's 'Stow') again attributed to Shorter by the able and accomplished compiler, Mr. John E. Price, F.S.A., F.R.S.L. Quis custodiet ipsos custodes ?-an inquiry anent the preservers of our civic chronicles I shall have to repeat, with a Transatlantic contemporary,t when in the course of these papers I again have occasion to refer to this elegant, but not wholly accurate volume. But to return to MR. RENDLE. Slip the first : Sir John Shorter was Lord Mayor nominallycustos in fact, for he was one of the custodes appointed directly by letters patent from the Crown during the humiliating time of the suspension of the City's liberties under the notorious and iniquitous judgment in the Quo Warranto case for the year 1687-8, and not, as MR. RENDLE, writing no doubt from memory, asserts, in 1686 (p. 444). Sir John's patent bears date September 23, 1687, empowering him to hold his appointment as the king's officer, under the title of Lord Mayor, subject to His Majesty's pleasure, for one year from the morrow of the feast of St. Simon and St. Jude (October 29) then ensuing (see the London Gazette of that date). His Majesty's nominee did not, however, complete his year of office, for a tragic reason which has been twice already recorded in your columns (2nd S. xi. 152; 6th S. xi. 465), and which I propose hereafter to describe in somewhat more detail than when I contributed the last note I have just cited. The second error MR. RENDLE makes is so very trivial that I am almost ashamed to notice it, and I do so, repeating my apologies to him, only for the severely constraining reason I have above indicated. Sir John Shorter died four, and not three, days after John Bunyan, whose death occurred on Friday, August 31, 1688 (see, sub tit. "Bunyan," National Biography,' vol. vii. p. 281), whereas the Lord Mayor died from the effects of an accident on the following Tuesday, September 4 (see former references to 'N. & Q.'). I am strongly of MR. RENDLE's opinion that it is an error to say that Bunyan was ever Sir John direction of the Library Committee by the Corporation. *London, 1886. Prepared and published under the † New York Nation, early numbers in July, 1887. Shorter's chaplain. It is certain he never was so in his office as Lord Mayor, whatever he may have been in the alderman's household in his private capacity; but I do not think even that likely. The Lord Mayor was a Presbyterian, while the celebrated Bedford pastor was a strict Baptist, and between the two sects it is well known there was-in those days, at all events-no love lost. True, Sir John was, as I shall proceed to show, somewhat of an opportunist-an occasional conformist certainly if not, as was contemporaneously reported of him,* of generally latitudinarian principles. The report that Bunyan served as Lord Mayor's chaplain, however, is repeated, though with guarded qualification, in a sense consistent with the dissenting minister's holding the appointment in a private gentleman's family, by the Rev. Canon Venables in the life of the Elstow divine extent, was far from contemplating enacting the rôle of a creature of the court, is not to the purpose. The attempt to seduce was made. Take, by way of example, the very case of Bunyan, the quondam captive in Bedford gaol. "When James II. was endeavouring to remodel the corporations," the Rev. Canon Venables informs us, Bunyan was pointed out as a likely instrument for carrying out the royal purpose in the Corporation of Bedford. It seems that some place under Government was offered as the price of his consent; but he declined all such overtures, and refused to see the bringer of them, though by no means unwilling to give his aid in procuring the repeal of the penal laws and tests under which he and his flock had so long smarted. This was in November, 1687, barely twelve months before James's abdication."-Dic. Nat. Biog.,' tit. "Bunyan,” vol. vii. pp. 281 et seq. Before 1687, however-nay, very shortly after which appears in vol. vii. of the National Bio- the butchery of Cornish-James had cast an eye graphy, and to which I have already referred. upon the Presbyterian citizen, the cashiered alderProbably the tradition that he fulfilled the formal man, Shorter, and commenced his blandishments office of chaplain to the Lord Mayor in the chief by restoring to him-by the same arbitrary authomagistrate's dignified official capacity arose from rity that had deprived him of it-his alderman's the peculiar circumstances attendant on Sir John's gown. During the last two years of his life Sir John was highly favoured and exceptionally mayoralty, to which I am about immediately to Nomiadvert. But, however that may be, we have evi- honoured by the king, as we shall see. dence of the rumour having been contemporaneous nated by that sovereign's will to the supreme chair with the deaths of the two Johns. See a letter, in the City, two singular clauses were inserted in dated early in September, 1688, in the Ellis the letters patent appointing him. One of these Correspondence,' edited by the Honourable provisoes I am about immediately to notice; the George Agar Ellis, afterwards, I believe, Lord other must pass under review later on. The clause Dover, vol. ii. p. 161. This work must not be to which I am now referring was a power giving, confounded with Sir Henry Ellis's Original inter alia, exceptional latitude to the form of divine Letters.' The terms of Sir John Shorter's service to be used during the forthcoming mayornomination by the Crown were exceptional, alty in Guildhall Chapel, and permitting my Lord and seem to indicate the maturity of a long- Mayor "to have whom he pleases to preach before conceived design on the part of the monarch him". (Luttrell's Brief Relation,' vol. i. p. 414). -which within a few months was demonstrated To this indulgent proviso, I think, may, perhaps, be by the promulgation of the Declaration of In- attributable the rumour that has ascribed to Bundulgence-to subjugate the Church of England to yan the post of Lord Mayor's chaplain. But these that of Rome by a plausible profession of general concessions appear to have been regarded by the toleration. Shorter had been in bad odour at the Whig citizens on the well-known principle exCourt-indeed, he was one of the distrusted alder-pressed by Virgil,"Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes." men displaced by the royal command under the execution ensuing upon the Quo Warranto judgment— and it isnot, I think, unfairly severe upon the memory of his monarch to infer that Sir John supplied an instance among many of an attempt to win over a member of "the country party" by the cajoleries of the successor of the sovereign who had so degraded him. After the revengeful bloodshed of 1685, and the distrust evinced by the Parliament of that year leading to its sudden prorogation in 1686, James notoriously changed his tactics, and took to flattering and coaxing the noncomformists he had so cruelly persecuted. That they were not all to be deluded, that probably, as I shall show, Shorter himself, though complaisant to a certain See Autobiography of Justice Sir John Bramston' (Camden Society), p. 315. of all denominations, under the familiar figure of The enabling clause was distrusted by Protestants "the thin end of the wedge"; for conscientious Lord Mayor's chaplain this year, why may not a men argued, "If a Presbyterian may act as my Popish priest be appointed his spiritual director next? If the service of the conventicle be legally sanctioned for use in the civic place of official worship during 1687-8, what is to prevent the offering mass there obtaining equally effective recognition in 1688-9?" For, observe, the king was at that time omnipotent in the ancient city-in this respect his will was law, and, pending the advent of a deliverer, the citizens could not foresee the speedy restoration of their legally defined franchises. Temple. (To be continued.) NEMO. |