of information about the Bonython family. In an BOW STREET RUNNERS (7th S. iii. 368, 465).— Interesting notices and anecdotes of these are given in the late Prof. Pryme's Autobiographic Recollections,' 1870, pp. 271-3. W. C. B. NATIONAL SUBSCRIPTION (7th S. iii. 497).—It may interest L. T. C. to learn that the intimate friend of the unhappy James, Duke of Monmouth, Thomas Thynne, Esq., of Longleat Hall, an early member of the present noble family of the Marquis of Bath, was known "from his great wealth" as "Tom of ten thousand" (Sir Walter Scott's 'Dryden,' vol. ix. p. 292, note xxx.). In reality he only possessed nine thousand pounds per annum. His tragical fate in Pall Mall on the evening of February 12, 1681/2, at the hands of Count Conigsmark and his myrmidons, is well known, as is also the tablet commemorating the event representing the scene in relief in Westminter Abbey. In the preceding autumn he had magnificently entertained the duke during his triumphal progress through the western counties. See the lines in 'Absolom and Achitophel,' Dryden's great poem, published in November of that year, where, in accordance with the scheme of the satire, Mr. Thynne is alluded to under the name of Issachar : along the river bank (musam meditatur avená). He arrives in the most sultry time of the day at a resting-place, and invites himself to repose for a while, because without it he will be without strength to "solace" himself further with his "vagrant reed" (i. e., his wandering song), "reed" being used in its secondary sense of musical pipe, or rather in its tertiary sense of pastoral poem. J. T. B. "Pipe," "reed," &c., stand for song in pastoral poetry, and "vagrant reed" should be accepted in a similar sense. The "solace" of Wordsworth's ramble lay in the accompanying music of his verse, which bodily fatigue would dull or silence altogether. W. H. 66 LADY BOUNTIFUL (7th S. iv. 48).-The 'New English Dictionary,' which ALNWICK does not Bountiful") appear to have consulted, says (s. v. Lady Bountiful, a character in Farquhar's 'Beaux' Stratagem' (1707), since used for the great (or E. D. beneficient) lady in a neighbourhood." [Very many contributors are thanked for the reference to Farquhar]. CUSTOMS OF THE FRENCH LADIES IN 1810 (7th S. iv. 67).-It is still the custom for French peasant women in parts of Dauphiné to ride astride. D. BOND FAMILY (7th S. iii. 477).-In "A note of alliens strangers using and exercisinge the art of Cutlarie in London, Westminster, Stroud, Sowthwarcke, and East Smythfeild, this xjth of Marche, 1621," I find the following entry: "Anthoney Bone, alias Gilbertson, no denizeine, a servaunt.” But hospitable treats did most commend NEMO. Temple. WORDSWORTH: "Vagrant REED" (7th S. iii. 449; iv. 16).—May not this have a metaphorical meaning, and refer to the poet's verses, which we may suppose he composed as he travelled along, and which were his "solace"? The reed is a very common metaphor for poetry, even when there is is no question of a literal pipe, e. g., "mine oaten reeds," in the first stanza of The Faery Queene,' and "the oaten flute," in Lycidas,' 1.33. I think the first line of the twelfth sonnet of the Duddon series favours this interpretation,— On, loitering Muse-the swift Stream chides us-on. I throw the above out only as a suggestion. It is, at any rate, a much more poetical interpretation than the "walking-stick" one. If the latter is correct, it seems a very dull and uninteresting allusion on the poet's part. JONATHAN BOUCHIER. The meaning is quite plain. The poet is understood to be composing his sonnets as he wanders among the French refugees, and, taking other examples of the changes names underwent into account, may easily have passed into Bond. In the return of strangers resident within the ber, 1618," appears the name of "Charles Lebon, City of London, "bearing date the vjth of Septempreacher; born in Sandwich"; and "Jehan Delbone, silk-weaver, born in Flaunders; and Julet his wife, born in Leige," both being inhabitants of the Resident in England, 1618-1688,' published by "Bishopsgate Warde" (see the List of Foreigners the Camden Society). Dr. Smiles makes no mention of any family bearing this name in his work on 'The Huguenots.' ROBERT F. Gardiner. EPITAPH ON A TOMB AT ARLINGTON (7th S. iii. 474). The solution of this venerable puzzle has doubtless often been given before; but as H. A. W. does not know it, I copy it from the N. & Q' column of the Kendal Mercury, March 27, 1885: "Two widows that were sisters-in-law had each a son who married each other's mother, and by them had each a daughter. Suppose one widow's name Mary, and her son's John, and the other widow's name Sarah, and her son's James: this answers the fourth line. Then suppose John married Sarah and had a daughter by her, and James married Mary and had a daughter by her : these marriages answer the first, second, third, fifth, and sixth lines of the epitaph." Q. V. EDWARD EASTON (7th S. iii. 518).—Timperley, under the date of February 7, 1795, says : "Died, Edward Easton, many years an eminent and respectable bookseller in the city of Salisbury, and an alderman of that corporation. In 1780 he was elected to the office of chief magistrate of the city, which he filled with great credit, and presented a very loyal address to His Majesty on the subject of the memorable riots of London in that year. Having attained the age of seventy-five years, and retired only three months from the fatigues of business to Bradford, Wilts, he died suddenly." His brother, James Easton, was an alderman of Salisbury, and published a work on 'Human Longevity. The catalogue of the Hoare Library, in the Local Topography case in the British Museum, would probably give Easton as the publisher of some of the Wiltshire books possessed by Sir R. C. Hoare, Bart. A. L. HUMPHREYS. 2, Kirchen Road, Ealing Dean. English people do not; and it seems a natural guess that it arose from their mixing with persons in whose language the word has no c, and the dulled ƒ throws back the accent. J. T. F. only speaks of what might happen after the accent had been thrown back, as he expresses it. R. H. BUSK. ENDORSATION (7th S. iii. 517).-Indorsation is given in Cassell's Encyclopædic Dictionary' and in the library edition of Stormonth's 'Dictionary' (Edinburgh and London, 1884) as equivalent to indorsement. One or two other dictionaries in which I have looked do not give the word at all, though it is of frequent use in our courts and law-books. It is, perhaps, not superfluous to point out the distinction which your correspondent seems to have missed along with the editors of the dictionaries named-endorsation means the act of endorsing, endorsement the result of that act. Q. V. Ogilvie's Imperial Dictionary' (1850) and in the Library Dictionary' (1870). It is a good rule to look for words beginning in em or en under im and in, when they cannot be found, and vice versa. ROBERT F. GARDINER. MR. YORK will find the word indorsation in Ogilvie's 'Imperial Dictionary' (1883). Mahn's Indorsation is given in Annandale's edition of edition of Webster's Dictionary' (1880), also has the word; it is marked obsolete. An eminent bookseller, and for many years an alderman of the city of Salisbury. He served the office of chief magistrate in 1780, when he presented an address to King George III. on the subject of the memorable riots of London in that year. He died suddenly at Bradford, Wilts, on February 7, 1795, aged seventy-five years, within three months after his retirement from business. His brother James, who was also an alderman of Salisbury, died there on December 21, 1799, aged seventy-seven. Just before his death he published 'Human Longevity, recording the Name, Age, and Place of Residence and Year of the Decease of STRANGE MARRIAGE CUSTOM (7th S. iii. 516). 1,712 Persons who attained a Century and up--See Dyer's 'Domestic Folk-lore' (Cassell & Co.), wards, from A.D. 66 to 1799, comprising a Period p. 42:of upwards of 1733 Years, with Anecdotes of the most Remarkable.' 71, Brecknock Road, EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. REFECTORY (7th S. iii. 386, 521).-I find that Germans have allowed themselves the luxury of at least fourteen varieties in their rendering of this word: Refectorium, Refender, Refat, Referend, Revent, Reventer, Rebenter, Rebbinter, Rebedir, Rebenthal, Remterei, Remtorei, Remter, Robenter, &c. We may well have two or three, therefore. I do not perceive the point of J. T. F.'s remark. The question was why Catholics generally throw back the accent and omit the c, while other F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. "The old Roman practice of lifting the bride over the threshold of her husband's home had its counterpart in Scotland within the present century, it being customary to lift the young wife over the doorstep, lest any witchcraft or evil eye should be cast upon and influence her. Indeed, we are informed that the same practice prevailed in the North of England some years ago." A. L. HUMPHREYS. 2, Kirchen Road, Ealing Dean. See Brand's 'Antiquities' (Bohn's ed.), vol. ii. P. 169, and Sir J. Lubbock's Origin of Civilization,' chap. iii. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. Hastings. ARQUEBUS (7th S. iii. 514).-MR. TERRY, Corroborating Prof. Skeat, makes this word a variant of haakbus. The latter word became English as hackbut, and is distinct from arquebus. The stock of the early firearm had a trigger_arrangement resembling a crossbow, hence the Italian name applied to it of arca bouza, said to be a corrup The tion of arca bocca, a bow with a mouth. weapon in its primitive form was not well fitted for taking aim with, as the eye could not be brought near enough to the barrel. This defect was remedied by a German invention, giving the butt a hooked form, whence the name hackbut, or haakbus. Such is the explanation given in a very learned paper, dated February, 1827, by Dr. S. R. Meyrick, a great authority on ancient arms, published in Archeologia, vol. xxii. An inventory of armour quoted in the paper makes it perfectly clear that the hackbut and the arquebus are different weapons. G. N. Glasgow. KING'S END CAR (7th S. iv. 10).-There is no such thing in Ireland. It is evidently an error in the manuscript, or else Ring's End is what is meant. Ring's End being a fishing village near Dublin, to and from which cars ply, it occupies pretty much the same relation to Dublin as Newhaven does to Edinburgh. C. R. LESLIE, F.R.S., F.S.A. Cranley Gardens. [Other correspondents write to the same effect.] FONTS (7th S. iii. 428, 464).—MR. STEVENSON will find some interesting notes on fonts in recent volumes of the Reliquary. The first article of the series will be found at pp. 209-216 of vol. xxiv. ROBERT F. GARDINER. Midnight, and yet no eye Through all the Imperial City closed in sleep! With light that seems to kindle the red sky, House-top and balcony Clustered with women, who throw back their veils, Were but to them a scene of joyance and delight. I am a blessed Glendoveer; From Tower Hill to Piccadilly snored! From Indra drew the essence of repose! By Indra fann'd, the god of fire ascends the walls of Drury! But such passages as these are the exceptions; the rule is proved by noting that the brothers Smith attempted no actually complete parody of any special poem, in the names of either Byron, Wordsworth, Tom Moore, Crabbe, or Lewis. Yet so admirable are the imitations of style, thought, and diction, that no one can for a moment doubt the likeness. After the commendation bestowed on the 'ReWORDSWORTH ON BURNS (7th S. iii. 427).-Injected Addresses' by Lord Jeffrey, Lord Byron, Wordsworth's Letter to a Friend of Robert and Sir Walter Scott, it would be impertinent for Burns' (London, 1816) there is no sentence pre- me to sound their praises; but I may express my cisely as MR. BOUCHIER gives it. The following opinion that there is far more literary merit in the is the nearest approach to it, so far as I have ob- humorous reproductions of a grave author's lanserved: "Who but some impenerable dunce, or guage and mode of thought (as in 'Rejected narrow-minded puritan in works of art, ever read Addresses') than in that mere vulgarization of some without delight the picture which he [Burns] has popular poem which constitutes the essence of the majority of modern parodies. drawn of the convivial exaltation of the rustic adventurer, Tam o' Shanter." Wordsworth afterwards adds: "I pity him who cannot perceive that in all this, though there was no moral purpose, there is a moral effect." J. T. B. PARODY AND BURLESQUE (7th S. iii. 509).— I always look in my N. & Q. with particular interest for any contributions over the name of SIR J. A. PICTON, and hasten to disclaim any intention of administering a rebuke, however courteously, to him anent the question whether parody or imitation is the predominant feature in the 'Rejected Addresses.' The difference in opinion between us is small, but not unimportant; for I maintain that the bulk of the poems in the 'Rejected Addresses' are imitations, not parodies, whilst readily_admitting that the passages quoted by SIR J. A. PICTON are indeed admirable as parodies of detached portions of Scott's poems. I may add that the commencement of 'The Rebuilding' is an equally clever parody of Southey's 'Curse of Kehama': the Bon Gaultier Ballads," "The Biter Bit,' Let me mention two examples, the first from which is but a tricky parody of Tennyson's 'May Queen,' requiring little skill in its composition; the second 'The Queen in France' (glorious in its quaint humour and domestic simplicity), which is perhaps the finest burlesque ballad ever written. This is an imitation, but not a parody, of the "auld Scots ballad," "Sir Patrick Spence': It fell upon the August month, And she has ta'en the silk and gowd, And she has ta'en the Prince Albert, Ye 'se bide at hame, Lord Wellington; For ye hae been ance in the land o' France, Surely this must have been written by Aytoun! But, unfortunately, there is nothing in the 'Bon Gaultier Ballads' to indicate which of them were by Aytoun and which by Sir Theodore Martin. This is a point which could be settled now; for although Prof. Aytoun went over to the majority twenty years ago, Sir Theodore is alive, and, I hope, well, He would confer a boon on many readers by giving some details about the inception and composition of this famous book of ballads. WALTER HAMILTON. Clapham. SYMBOLIC USE OF CANDLES (7th S. iv. 27).The following notes may be of interest to MR. PEACOCK : 1243, Nov. 30. Order to provide, against the Christmas jousts, four square candles of 100 lb., of wax, and fifteen measures of the King, to burn day and night at St. Edward's shrine (Rot. Claus., 28 Hen. III.). 1246, Sept. 5. Order to provide ten candles for the blessed Edward, nine of 100 lb., and one of of 200 (ib., 30 Hen. III.). 1253. Order to Philip Lovel (Treasurer) to send 12 oboli of musk, and 20 measures of wax, to St. Edmund, for an offering at his shrine on the day of the translation, on account of the illness of the King and of Edmund his son (ib., 37 Hen. III.). 1358. John de Pusy (varlet of the Queen's chandlery) sent to London, to the Friars' Minors, with one round candle containing 50 lb. of wax, of the Queen's alms (Household Book of Queen Isabel, wife of Edward II., Cott. MS. Galba, E. xiv.). HERMENTRUDde. BROUGHAM (7th S. iii. 407, 462; iv. 15).-Your correspondent PRECENTOR VENABLES must excuse me, but he has spoilt a very good thing. When Earl Grey was forming his Reform Ministry, he had great difficulty in filling up the chancellorship. He tried various combinations, but the impracticable Henry Brougham always stood in the way; and at last, though there were many objections, after a long delay the Premier raised Brougham to the woolsack. There had been much joking as to his claiming the title of an extinct peerage. Without this explanation, half the wit of the skit is not visible. I well remember its coming out. in the shape of a conundrum, and ran as follows: Vy is Lord Grey like a sveeping man Whot close to the crossing stalks? Because, ven he 's made the best sveep as he can, He takes up his broom and valks [Brougham and Vaux]. M. H. R. It was KNIGHTING ELDEST SONS OF BARONETS (7th S. iv. 28). My old friend, the late Sir Richard Brown, Bart., claimed and received this honour in the lifetime of his father, Sir James, the seventh baronet. I know of only one other example of the practice during the present reign. Sir William O'Mally, now a baronet, was knighted in his father's lifetime CALVERT, LORD BALTIMORE (7th S. iii. 7, 133, Calvert entitled to bear as Baron of Baltimore?— 436). The question is not, What arms was Cecilius but, What heraldic cognizance was he entitled to select for the province (and palatinate) of Maryland? This is a very different matter, and falls under other rules than those relating to descent. The great seal of Maryland was adopted in 1649, and is minutely described in a letter of Baltimore's (Aug. 12), in which he says, our paternal coat of quartered with another coat of arms arms is belonging to our family." Lord Baltimore's individual armorial bearings, but The Maryland Historical Society did not adopt the heraldic symbol of the province and state. Baltimore WM. HAND Browne. 494). With reference to this query, though not in BISHOPS IN PARTIBUS INFIDELIUM (7th S. iii. reply to it, it seems to me worth while to note the recent authoritative discontinuance of the expression" in partibus infidelium." The annual Catholic Directory (London, Burns & Oates), from at least 1884 to 1887, has used the words," Titular Sees, formerly called Sees in partibus infidelium 1870, "Archbishops or Bishops of Sees in partibus (p. 41); and again, in speaking of the years 1869– infidelium (that is, of Titular Sees,' as they would noticing this I have sought for and found the folnow [1884-87] be designated") (p. 55). Since lowing explanation of it: "Titular Bishops.-The political condition of the eastern and southern shores of the Mediterranean has for some time been such as to allow of the existence of flourishing Christian communities in many places where formerly Mussulman bigotry would have rendered it impossible. These countries are no longer partes infidelium has, therefore, by a recent decision, substituted the in the full sense of the words. His Holiness Leo XIII. phrase Titular Bishop' for Bishop in partibus infidelium."-A Catholic Dictionary,' by Addis and Arnold, London, Kegan Paul & Co., 1884. Previous to this change a bishop in partibus infidelium might, I believe, be also correctly called a titular bishop. The point of the present statement canonized Saints, on the ground both of miracles and The Flowers of History. By Roger de Wendover. ANCIENT CUSTOM AT ST. BARTHOLOMEW THE GREAT (7th S. iii. 387,500).—IS MR. COLLINGRIDGE justified in thus peremptorily disestablishing this ancient widow? That gentleman admits "the tradition is......some_four hundred years prior to the Reformation." How prove the negative? We are told that the "idea" has been carried out "for many years," varied to "some time since." We may fairly ask for authoritative dates for this institution before ignoring the tradi-lection at Oxford. A. HALL. tion. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. of the Flores Historiarum,' though it is not the first Sketches of Church and State in the First Eight Centuries. By the Rev. William Armitage. (Rivingtons.) We have no clear notion why this book has been written. It is a compilation from well-known books, every one of which is on the shelves of every student of ecclesiastical history. If it is meant as a handbook for young students it is well-nigh useless, as the place has already been filled by many volumes, good and bad, of a like kind, Mr. Armitage is not posted up to date. New knowledge on the bistorical subjects he treats of has been pouring in during the last two decades. Of this he has taken little notice. Speaking of the inhabitants of this island ere it fell under the dominion of imperial Rome, he tells us that "their life and social habits were of the lowest type, not much in advance of the animals they hunted, whose flesh and milk were their principal food." This might have passed muster if said a hundred years ago, but it is strange to find it in a modern book. We now know that our British predecessors were pretty nearly on the same level of civilization as the Northern Gauls. The account of their religion given by Mr. Armitage is equally out of date. It never can be impressed too strongly on the minds of those who have been influenced by our older writers that we know next to nothing of the British religion, and that the tales of Druids, Druidesses, and arch-Druids are mostly either fancies or transferences from that which was true of our Gaulishing, besides all that was known before, a great deal which neighbours. Mr. Armitage writes from the standpoint of the Church of England. With theology we have nothing to do; but it may not be amiss to point out that as the Thirty-nine Articles-which are several times quotedwere compiled during a period of religious revolution, the first draft under Edward VI., the present form under Elizabeth, it is not to be expected that they should throw light on early Church history. Neither the reformers nor the men who defended the old modes of belief and practice had time or opportunity during the stress of that tremendous hurricane to study the history of the early Church with dispassionate candour. Speaking of Aidan, who died in 651, the author tells us that "he was considered worthy of a place among has never yet appeared in print. That on the cuckoo, for instance, which extends to some twelve or fifteen pages, is most pleasant and instructive reading, and seems to comprise everything that could possibly be collected together from all available sources. For Mr. Swainson is polyglot and omnivorous. French and German works have been ransacked for facts bearing on his subject, and the legends and stories of other countries with regard to birds find a place side by side with those of our own islands. It is perhaps in this connexion that the only apparent defects of the book are to be found. It is often a difficult matter for any Englishman to discover with accuracy the proper name in French or German of certain birds, fishes, and flowers. Dictionaries are not only useless, but misleading. It may be taken for granted |