Abscesses, cold, inspissation of pus in,

182; formation of, 451-452.
Absorption, increased, of parts upon the
application of stimuli, 123, 297,
&c.

Activity, the essential characteristic of
life, 286; see Vital activity.
Addison, Mr., on the relation between
pus-, and colourless blood-corpuscles,
155, 482.

Adipose Tissue. See Fat.

Affinities, certain, between definite tis-
sues (parts) and definite substances,
123, 126; specific, of different exci-
tants (stimuli), 293.

Ague, melanæmia in, 221-222.
Alæ vespertitionum, smooth muscle in,
115, 116.

Alveoli, of cancer, how produced, 454.
Amaurosis, from capillary embolia, 210.
Amyloid (lardaceous, waxy) Degenera-

tion, 367-384; appearance of or-
gans affected, 368; occurs in most
parts of body, 369; of minute arte-
ries, 373-375; of liver (hepatic artery,
hepatic cells), 375-376; its concomi-
tants, 378-379; of digestive tract from
mouth to anus (minute arteries, villi),
379; of kidney (glomeruli, afferent
arteries), 379; of lymphatic glands
(minute arteries, gland-cells), 382-
384; of spleen (follicles), 369, 383.
Amyloid Substance, its appearance, 368;
two kinds of, the one analogous to
vegetable starch (corpora amylacea,
prostatic concretions), the other,
more akin to cellulose, 369-372; their
chemical reactions, 371, 372; the lat-
ter, homogeneous, probably imported
from without, 376-377, but indepen-
dent (autochthonous) formation of
in permanent cartilage, 377; not hi-
therto detected in blood, 377.

Anæmia, occasioned by action of arte-
ries, 120.
Anastomosing Corpuscles, systems of.
See Juice-conveying canals and con-
nective-tissue corpuscles.

Andral, on inflammation, 386.
Aneurysms, how produced, 121; con-
version of coagula of, into homoge-
neous, cartilaginous masses, 138.
Aorta, elastic tissue of, 105, 120; middle
coat of, 110; imperfect development
of, in chlorosis, 226; atheroma of,
356-357.

Apoplexy, from leukæmia, 169; from
capillary embolia, 210; from me-
lanæmia, 222.

Arcus senilis, 347.
Arnold, 26.

Arrectores pilorum, 57.

Arteries, distinction between small, and
small veins, 57, 58-59; elastic tissue
of middle coat of, 105; muscular fibre
cells of middle coat of, 110-111;
structure of, 110-112; epithelium of
114; muscular tissue of, 116-120;
contraction of, 116-120; rhythmical
movements of, in ears of rabbits, 116-
117; dilatation of, not active but
passive, and due to fatigue of walls,
117; fatigue of muscular coat of,
118-119; passive condition of in so-
called active hyperæmia, 120; elasti-
city of, 121; aneurysms of, how pro-
duced, 121; simple fatty degenera-
tion of, 339, 354-355, 362; fatty usure
of, 340; atheroma of, 340-341, 353-
361; sclerosis and ossification of, 361-
362; calcification (petrifaction) of,
364-365; minute-amyloid degenera-
tion of, 373-375.

Ascherson, on stickiness of white blood-
corpuscles, 151-152; his haptogenic
membrane, 337.

Atheroma of Arteries, 340-341; 353-361;
different meanings attached to term,
353; its relation to ossification, 354,
361; false notions respecting, 353-
354; a compound process, the fatty
metamorphosis being the second
stage, and inflammation of the inter-
nal arterial coat, the first, 355; to be
distinguished therefore from simple
fatty metamorphosis of internal coat,
355, 362; inflammatory stage of, cor-
responds to endocarditis, only gene-
rally chronic, 355, concurrence of
simple fatty change with, 355; ex-
ternal appearance of patches in early
stage of, 356; seat of change in, 356;
nature of deposit, 357; formation of,
359-360; acute form of, 360-361; seat
of the process in cellular elements of
connective tissue of internal coat, 361.
Atheromata of skin. See Epidermic
cysts.

Atheromatous ulcer, 341; description
of, 362.

Atrophy, grey of nerves, 235.

Attraction exercised by different tissues
upon different substances, 123, 126.
Auditory Nerve, terminations of, in
cochlea, 248.

Bernard, Claude, on contraction of ves-

sels from stimulation of their nerves,
119; on dilatation of vessels from sec-
tion of, sympathetic nerves, 119; on
the section and irritation of nerves in
weakened parts, 314.

Bichat, 2-3; his classification of tissues,
29.

Bidder, on cells found in posterior half

of spinal marrow, 277.

Bile, its elements not pre-formed in

blood, but formed in liver, 128; rela-
tion of colouring matter of, to hæma-
toidine, 144-145.

Bilharz, on distribution of nerve-fibre
supplying electrical organ of silurus
(malapterurus), 253, 263.

Billroth, on nervous plexuses in sub-
mucous tissue of intestines, 254-255.

Bladder, papillary tumours (cancerous
and non-cancerous) of, 468.
Blastema, 9-10; 27; 405-407; 414, &c.
Blastema doctrine, rejection of, 396;
406, 409.

Blind spot, in retina, 251.

Blood, little durability of cells of, 11;
compared with muscle and nerve-fibres,
50; seldom found as a new formation,
63; circulation of, 110, 113; no
transudation of, through capillary
membrane, 113; not the real seat of
permanent dyscrasiæ, 130; not a per-
manent and independent tissue, 130-
131; origin of its dyscrasic conditions
not to be sought for in itself, but in
external causes, 131-133; fibrine of,
135-138; red corpuscles of, their con-
tents and crystals formed out of them,
138-148; colourless corpuscles of,
148-155; formerly regarded as inde-
pendent fluid, 156; constantly chang-
ing, 157; renewed by propagation in
embryo, 157, but not even in later
months of pregnancy or afterwards,
158; its corpuscular elements derived
from lymph, 158; late coagulation of,
its cause, 160-161; fibrinogenous sub-
stance in, 161; late coagulation of,
in pneumonia, its cause and its coin-
cidence with lateness of decomposi-
tion, 161; occasional coexistence of the
two sorts of coagulation(early and late)
in same blood, 161; matters found in,
in leukæmia, 172; infectant matters
in, 211; chemical substances in, 212-
214; in no case permanent seat
of definite changes, 216; extrava-
sated, in fractures, of little impor-
tance in formation of callus, 441.
Blood-Corpuscles, Red, reason why
have no nucleus, 11; nucleated in
fœtus, 11, 50, 138, 223; real cells,
11, 50, 138; cannot pass through capil-
lary membrane without rupture, 113;
structure and contents of, 139; effects
of fluids of different densities upon,
140-142; do not contain fibrine, 142;
crystals produced from hæmatine of,
142-147; aggregation of, in rouleaux,
139, 148; granular and decolorized,
144, 181, 199; origin of, uncertain,
223; Zimmermann's theory of de-
velopment of, 224; respiratory sub-
stance of, 226-227, its paralysis, 227.
Colourless, 148-155;
proportion of, to red, 148; action of
water on, 148; of acetic acid on, 149;
their nuclei, one or several, 149-150;
great resemblance of, to pus-corpus-

cles, 149-150, 178, 481; sometimes
visible to naked eye, 151; their sticki-
ness, 151-152; in post-mortem clots,
153; in blood obtained by venæsec-
tion, 153-154; diagnosis of, from
pus-corpuscles, 155, 482; increase in
number of, almost constantly accom-
panying hyperinosis, 166; increase of,
in leucocytosis and leukæmia due to
affection of lymphatic glands, 167, 170,
188, and of spleen, 170; increase of,
in scrofulosis, 191, in cancer (with
affection of glands), typhoid fever
and malignant erysipelas, 192.
Blood-Crystals, 142-147.

Body, the, as a social organization, 14.
Boerhaave, on inflammation, 385.
Böhm, on retention of fat in intestinal

villi, in cholera, 329.
Bone, organic basis of, not cartilage, 67,
431; epithelium in, 67; found in skin
of many animals where in man connec-
tive tissue, 71; vessels of, 79-83;
structure of, 80-83; nutrition of, 86;
formation of real, in arteries,361-362;
development of, different processes
concerned in, 407-441; growth of, in
length and thickness, 407-409; fresh
and living, contrasted with macerated,
410; formation of, from cartilage,
411-412, 415-417; caries and ne-
crosis of, 418-421; liquefaction of,
420, 451; territories of, 15, 418-420,
437; granulation of, 421-422; sup-
puration of, 421-422; formation of,
out of medullary tissue, 422-423;
formation of, out of periosteum (con-
nective tissue) 423-426, pathological,
428-431; development of, in rickets,
432-438; new formation of, (callus)
after fracture, 438-441.
Bone-Corpuscles (cells), 80-83; real nu-
cleated cells, 82-83; indirect origin
of (through marrow-cells) from car-
tilage-cells, 413; direct formation of,
from cartilage cells, 416-417; terri-
tories of (in bone formed out of
cartilage) correspond to capsules of
cartilage-cells out of which formed,
418-419; limits of territories of,
well marked in caries and necro-
cis, 418-420; formation of, from mar-
row-cells, 422-423; from periosteal
(connective-tissue) corpuscles, 425,
430-431; formation of, out of carti-
lage-corpuscles, in rickets, 435-437.
Bone- (cell) territories. See Cell-terri-
tories, and Bone.

Bone-cells. See Bone-corpuscles.

Bones, of considerable size, real organs,

493

29; distortions of, in rickets, 433-
434; see Long Bones.

Bouchut, on pyæmia (leukæmia) in puer-
peral fever, 189.

Bowman, Mr., his sarcous elements, 54;
on circulation in kidney, 381.
Brady-fibrine, 160.

Brain, hair in, 66; substitution, in ven-
tricles, of simple, scaly epithelium
for ciliated, 71; sudden occlusion of
vessels in, 210; yellow softening of,
merely fatty degeneration, 347; import
of pigment-cells in, 347; solitary tu-
bercles of, 477, 478; see Cerebrum.
Bright's disease of the kidney, 296-297;
347-348; 351; large proportion of
cases of, due to amyloid degeneration,
379; three forms of (parenchymatous
nephritis, amyloid degeneration, in-
terstitial nephritis), 381, possible
coexistence of two, or all three of
them, 382.

Brood-cavities (physalides) 401-402.
Broussais, on inflammation, 385, 386.
Brown, Robert, on nuclei of vegetable
cells, 6.

Brown-Séquard, 378.

Brücke, 52; on optical properties of
different constituents of primitive
fasciculi of muscle, 54; on striated
border of cylindrical epithelium of
intestinal villi, 326; on muscular
fibres of intestinal villi, 327.
Bubo, syphilitic, seat of virus in, 187.
Buffy coat, 154; in inflammations of
respiratory organs (pneumonia, pleu-
risy), 160; due to presence of fibrino-
genous substance in blood, 161.

Calcareous metastases, 214-215.
Calcareous salts, 138; metastases of,
214-215.

Calcification, of arteries (petrifaction),
its course described, 365; distinction
between, and ossification, 365; of car-
tilage, 412, 414-416; irregularity of,
in ricketty bones, 432.
Callus, formation of, 438-441.
Canaliculi of Bone, 82; cannot be in-
jected from Haversian canals, 86;
no real existence in living bone, in
which completely filled up by pro-
cesses of bone-cells, 417.
Canaliculi chalicophori, 82.
Canaliculi of teeth, 86.

Cancer, supposed specific nature of, 62;
existence of physiological type for,
62, cf. 484; lymphatic glands in, 187;
rapidity of propagation of, dependent
upon greater or less abundance of