to me up to the last moment. I perfectly know how to appreciate the fact that men like you, whose time is taken up by such manifold labours, still retain a taste for discussions of this kind, and I only wish that many a useful view of recent date may have been rendered more intelligible to you by these lectures, and that the facts I have laid before you may furnish you with recollections which may prove of service in your practice.
Abscesses, cold, inspissation of pus in,
182; formation of, 451-452. Absorption, increased, of parts upon the application of stimuli, 123, 297, &c.
Activity, the essential characteristic of life, 286; see Vital activity. Addison, Mr., on the relation between pus-, and colourless blood-corpuscles, 155, 482.
Adipose Tissue. See Fat.
Affinities, certain, between definite tis- sues (parts) and definite substances, 123, 126; specific, of different exci- tants (stimuli), 293.
Ague, melanæmia in, 221-222. Alæ vespertitionum, smooth muscle in, 115, 116.
Alveoli, of cancer, how produced, 454. Amaurosis, from capillary embolia, 210. Amyloid (lardaceous, waxy) Degenera-
tion, 367-384; appearance of or- gans affected, 368; occurs in most parts of body, 369; of minute arte- ries, 373-375; of liver (hepatic artery, hepatic cells), 375-376; its concomi- tants, 378-379; of digestive tract from mouth to anus (minute arteries, villi), 379; of kidney (glomeruli, afferent arteries), 379; of lymphatic glands (minute arteries, gland-cells), 382- 384; of spleen (follicles), 369, 383. Amyloid Substance, its appearance, 368; two kinds of, the one analogous to vegetable starch (corpora amylacea, prostatic concretions), the other, more akin to cellulose, 369-372; their chemical reactions, 371, 372; the lat- ter, homogeneous, probably imported from without, 376-377, but indepen- dent (autochthonous) formation of in permanent cartilage, 377; not hi- therto detected in blood, 377.
Anæmia, occasioned by action of arte- ries, 120. Anastomosing Corpuscles, systems of. See Juice-conveying canals and con- nective-tissue corpuscles.
Andral, on inflammation, 386. Aneurysms, how produced, 121; con- version of coagula of, into homoge- neous, cartilaginous masses, 138. Aorta, elastic tissue of, 105, 120; middle coat of, 110; imperfect development of, in chlorosis, 226; atheroma of, 356-357.
Apoplexy, from leukæmia, 169; from capillary embolia, 210; from me- lanæmia, 222.
Arcus senilis, 347. Arnold, 26.
Arrectores pilorum, 57.
Arteries, distinction between small, and small veins, 57, 58-59; elastic tissue of middle coat of, 105; muscular fibre cells of middle coat of, 110-111; structure of, 110-112; epithelium of 114; muscular tissue of, 116-120; contraction of, 116-120; rhythmical movements of, in ears of rabbits, 116- 117; dilatation of, not active but passive, and due to fatigue of walls, 117; fatigue of muscular coat of, 118-119; passive condition of in so- called active hyperæmia, 120; elasti- city of, 121; aneurysms of, how pro- duced, 121; simple fatty degenera- tion of, 339, 354-355, 362; fatty usure of, 340; atheroma of, 340-341, 353- 361; sclerosis and ossification of, 361- 362; calcification (petrifaction) of, 364-365; minute-amyloid degenera- tion of, 373-375.
Ascherson, on stickiness of white blood- corpuscles, 151-152; his haptogenic membrane, 337.
Atheroma of Arteries, 340-341; 353-361; different meanings attached to term, 353; its relation to ossification, 354, 361; false notions respecting, 353- 354; a compound process, the fatty metamorphosis being the second stage, and inflammation of the inter- nal arterial coat, the first, 355; to be distinguished therefore from simple fatty metamorphosis of internal coat, 355, 362; inflammatory stage of, cor- responds to endocarditis, only gene- rally chronic, 355, concurrence of simple fatty change with, 355; ex- ternal appearance of patches in early stage of, 356; seat of change in, 356; nature of deposit, 357; formation of, 359-360; acute form of, 360-361; seat of the process in cellular elements of connective tissue of internal coat, 361. Atheromata of skin. See Epidermic cysts.
Atheromatous ulcer, 341; description of, 362.
Atrophy, grey of nerves, 235.
Attraction exercised by different tissues upon different substances, 123, 126. Auditory Nerve, terminations of, in cochlea, 248.
Bernard, Claude, on contraction of ves-
sels from stimulation of their nerves, 119; on dilatation of vessels from sec- tion of, sympathetic nerves, 119; on the section and irritation of nerves in weakened parts, 314.
Bichat, 2-3; his classification of tissues, 29.
Bidder, on cells found in posterior half
of spinal marrow, 277.
Bile, its elements not pre-formed in
blood, but formed in liver, 128; rela- tion of colouring matter of, to hæma- toidine, 144-145.
Bilharz, on distribution of nerve-fibre supplying electrical organ of silurus (malapterurus), 253, 263.
Billroth, on nervous plexuses in sub- mucous tissue of intestines, 254-255.
Bladder, papillary tumours (cancerous and non-cancerous) of, 468. Blastema, 9-10; 27; 405-407; 414, &c. Blastema doctrine, rejection of, 396; 406, 409.
Blind spot, in retina, 251.
Blood, little durability of cells of, 11; compared with muscle and nerve-fibres, 50; seldom found as a new formation, 63; circulation of, 110, 113; no transudation of, through capillary membrane, 113; not the real seat of permanent dyscrasiæ, 130; not a per- manent and independent tissue, 130- 131; origin of its dyscrasic conditions not to be sought for in itself, but in external causes, 131-133; fibrine of, 135-138; red corpuscles of, their con- tents and crystals formed out of them, 138-148; colourless corpuscles of, 148-155; formerly regarded as inde- pendent fluid, 156; constantly chang- ing, 157; renewed by propagation in embryo, 157, but not even in later months of pregnancy or afterwards, 158; its corpuscular elements derived from lymph, 158; late coagulation of, its cause, 160-161; fibrinogenous sub- stance in, 161; late coagulation of, in pneumonia, its cause and its coin- cidence with lateness of decomposi- tion, 161; occasional coexistence of the two sorts of coagulation(early and late) in same blood, 161; matters found in, in leukæmia, 172; infectant matters in, 211; chemical substances in, 212- 214; in no case permanent seat of definite changes, 216; extrava- sated, in fractures, of little impor- tance in formation of callus, 441. Blood-Corpuscles, Red, reason why have no nucleus, 11; nucleated in fœtus, 11, 50, 138, 223; real cells, 11, 50, 138; cannot pass through capil- lary membrane without rupture, 113; structure and contents of, 139; effects of fluids of different densities upon, 140-142; do not contain fibrine, 142; crystals produced from hæmatine of, 142-147; aggregation of, in rouleaux, 139, 148; granular and decolorized, 144, 181, 199; origin of, uncertain, 223; Zimmermann's theory of de- velopment of, 224; respiratory sub- stance of, 226-227, its paralysis, 227. Colourless, 148-155; proportion of, to red, 148; action of water on, 148; of acetic acid on, 149; their nuclei, one or several, 149-150; great resemblance of, to pus-corpus-
cles, 149-150, 178, 481; sometimes visible to naked eye, 151; their sticki- ness, 151-152; in post-mortem clots, 153; in blood obtained by venæsec- tion, 153-154; diagnosis of, from pus-corpuscles, 155, 482; increase in number of, almost constantly accom- panying hyperinosis, 166; increase of, in leucocytosis and leukæmia due to affection of lymphatic glands, 167, 170, 188, and of spleen, 170; increase of, in scrofulosis, 191, in cancer (with affection of glands), typhoid fever and malignant erysipelas, 192. Blood-Crystals, 142-147.
Body, the, as a social organization, 14. Boerhaave, on inflammation, 385. Böhm, on retention of fat in intestinal
villi, in cholera, 329. Bone, organic basis of, not cartilage, 67, 431; epithelium in, 67; found in skin of many animals where in man connec- tive tissue, 71; vessels of, 79-83; structure of, 80-83; nutrition of, 86; formation of real, in arteries,361-362; development of, different processes concerned in, 407-441; growth of, in length and thickness, 407-409; fresh and living, contrasted with macerated, 410; formation of, from cartilage, 411-412, 415-417; caries and ne- crosis of, 418-421; liquefaction of, 420, 451; territories of, 15, 418-420, 437; granulation of, 421-422; sup- puration of, 421-422; formation of, out of medullary tissue, 422-423; formation of, out of periosteum (con- nective tissue) 423-426, pathological, 428-431; development of, in rickets, 432-438; new formation of, (callus) after fracture, 438-441. Bone-Corpuscles (cells), 80-83; real nu- cleated cells, 82-83; indirect origin of (through marrow-cells) from car- tilage-cells, 413; direct formation of, from cartilage cells, 416-417; terri- tories of (in bone formed out of cartilage) correspond to capsules of cartilage-cells out of which formed, 418-419; limits of territories of, well marked in caries and necro- cis, 418-420; formation of, from mar- row-cells, 422-423; from periosteal (connective-tissue) corpuscles, 425, 430-431; formation of, out of carti- lage-corpuscles, in rickets, 435-437. Bone- (cell) territories. See Cell-terri- tories, and Bone.
Bone-cells. See Bone-corpuscles.
Bones, of considerable size, real organs,
29; distortions of, in rickets, 433- 434; see Long Bones.
Bouchut, on pyæmia (leukæmia) in puer- peral fever, 189.
Bowman, Mr., his sarcous elements, 54; on circulation in kidney, 381. Brady-fibrine, 160.
Brain, hair in, 66; substitution, in ven- tricles, of simple, scaly epithelium for ciliated, 71; sudden occlusion of vessels in, 210; yellow softening of, merely fatty degeneration, 347; import of pigment-cells in, 347; solitary tu- bercles of, 477, 478; see Cerebrum. Bright's disease of the kidney, 296-297; 347-348; 351; large proportion of cases of, due to amyloid degeneration, 379; three forms of (parenchymatous nephritis, amyloid degeneration, in- terstitial nephritis), 381, possible coexistence of two, or all three of them, 382.
Brood-cavities (physalides) 401-402. Broussais, on inflammation, 385, 386. Brown, Robert, on nuclei of vegetable cells, 6.
Brown-Séquard, 378.
Brücke, 52; on optical properties of different constituents of primitive fasciculi of muscle, 54; on striated border of cylindrical epithelium of intestinal villi, 326; on muscular fibres of intestinal villi, 327. Bubo, syphilitic, seat of virus in, 187. Buffy coat, 154; in inflammations of respiratory organs (pneumonia, pleu- risy), 160; due to presence of fibrino- genous substance in blood, 161.
Calcareous metastases, 214-215. Calcareous salts, 138; metastases of, 214-215.
Calcification, of arteries (petrifaction), its course described, 365; distinction between, and ossification, 365; of car- tilage, 412, 414-416; irregularity of, in ricketty bones, 432. Callus, formation of, 438-441. Canaliculi of Bone, 82; cannot be in- jected from Haversian canals, 86; no real existence in living bone, in which completely filled up by pro- cesses of bone-cells, 417. Canaliculi chalicophori, 82. Canaliculi of teeth, 86.
Cancer, supposed specific nature of, 62; existence of physiological type for, 62, cf. 484; lymphatic glands in, 187; rapidity of propagation of, dependent upon greater or less abundance of
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