board. The said board shall prescribe the duties of the several officers, except as fixed by law.

Moneys for; how paid. Section 411-3. All moneys appropriated and expended under the provisions of this act shall be expended by the county training school board, and shall be paid by the county treasurer on orders issued by said board.

Number that may be organized. Section 411-4. The state superintendent shall give such information and assistance as may seem necessary in organizing and maintaining such training schools. He shall prescribe the course of study to be pursued; shall have the general supervision of all schools established under this act; shall from time to time inspect the same, make such recommendations relating to their management as he may deem necessary, and make such reports thereon as shall give full information concerning their number, character and efficiency, provided that he shall not place upon the said list more than thirty schools. (1911 c. 455)

Accredited list; report; state aid. Section 411-5. 1. Any school established under the provisions of this act, whose courses of study and the qualifications of whose teachers have been approved by the state superintendent, may, upon application, be placed upon an approved list of county training schools for teachers. A school once entered upon such list may remain listed and be entitled to state aid so long as the scope and character of its work are maintained in such manner as to meet the approval of the state superintendent; provided, that he shall not place upon said list more than thirty schools. On the first day of July in each year the secretary of each county training school board maintaining a school on the approved list shall report to the state superintendent setting forth the facts relating to the cost of maintaining the school, the character of the work done, the number and the names of teachers employed and such cther matters as may be required.

Certificate; warrant. 2. Upon the receipt of such report, if it shall appear that the school has been maintained in a satisfactory manner for a period of not less than ten months during the year closing on the thirtieth day of the preceding June, the said superintendent shall make a certificate to that effect and file it with the secertary of state. Upon receiving such certificate, the secretary of state shall draw his warrant, payable to the treasurer of the county maintaining such school for a sum equal to two-thirds the amount actually expended for maintaining such school during the year, provided, that the total amount so apportioned shall not exceed thirty-five hundred dollars in any one school year to any one school. (1911 c. 455)

Section 411-6a. No member of any county training school board shall be employed in the county training school for teachers, either as principal or as assistant teacher during the term for which he was elected or appointed as a member of such county training school board, nor shall any person be employed as a teacher in such school who does not hold some form of a state license or certificate; provided, that the provisions of this section shall not apply to any person now engaged as a teacher in a county training school, nor shall any person be employed as principal of such school who is not legally qualified for the position of principal of a free high school having a four years' course of study, nor as an assistant one who does not hold some form of state license or certificate. (1911 c. 349)

By this act the number of county training schools for teachers is increased to thirty and the sum necessary to enable the state superintendent to apportion a sum equal to two-thirds of the amount actually expended for maintaining such schools during the year, is also provided for.

Certificates to graduates; effect of. Section 411-6. 1. Any person who shall complete in a satisfactory manner, the course of study prescribed for any county training school, and who be of good moral character, shall receive a certificate signed by the principal of the school and by the members of the county training school board. Said certificate shall certify that the person named herein has satisfactorily completed the course of study prescribed for the county training school, and is of good moral character; it shall also contain a list of the standings secured by the person on the completion of each of the studies pursued in the school. Such certificate shall have the force and effect of a third grade certificate issued by the county superintendent of the county or district in which the school is located, for the term of three years from the date of its issue; provided, that in case the holder thereof has never taught or cannot furnish satisfactory evidence of having successfully taught for at least one school year (seven months) in the public schools of this state, said certificate shall be of full force and effect for one year only from its date of issue. When satisfactory evidence of successful teaching for at least one year (seven months) upon said training school certificate shall be furnished to the county or district superintendent, said superintendent shall remove the limitation, whereupon the training school certificate shall have the full force and effect of a third grade teacher's certificate for two additional years. Be it further provided that in case the holder of a county teacher's training school certificate shall have completed a four-year high school course, and shall have taught successfully for at least seven school months, said certificate shall, when countersigned by the county or district super

intendent, legally qualify the holder to teach, for a period of five years from the date when such certificate was granted, and shall also be a legal qualification to teach in any department of any state graded school, the principalship of a state graded school of the first class excepted.

2. Any school superintendent or officer authorized to grant certificates to teachers in Wisconsin schools is hereby authorized, in his discretion, to accept standings obtained by the completion of studies in any county training school in the state, when duly certified by the principal of said school, in lieu of actual examination by said superintendent or examiner at any time within three years from the date of the certificate of completion of the course, by the person desiring to have such standings accepted. (1911 c. 602)

Section 411-7. 1.

Joint training schools between counties. The county boards of two or more adjoining counties may unite in establishing and maintaining a training school for teachers for the purposes and on the same general plan as provided for in sections 411-1 to 411-6, inclusive, of the statutes, and may appropriate money for its maintenance, and whenever two or more counties unite in establishing such a school, the county superintendents of the counties so uniting and two members in addition chosen from each such county, no member of any county board being eligible thereto, shall constitute the joint county training school board, of which the superintendent of the county in which the schoolhouse is located shall be ex-officio secretary.

2. If, at the time of establishing such school, the counties so uniting shall neglect to procure a site or to erect a school building therefor, such joint county training school board shall have power, subject to the approval of the state superintendent, to procure such site and to erect a suitable school building thereon. The joint county training school board shall have power, subject to the approval of the state superintendent to borrow money for the purposes of this act from the trust funds of the state only, payable in not to exceed ten years with the annual interest at the rate of not to exceed three and one-half percentum, but the total amount of such loans shall not at any time exceed twelve thousand dollars. Loans for site and building purposes shall be made payable in equal annual installments, and provisions for the payment of each such installment, and accrued interest shall be made in the tax levy and apportionment mentioned in section 411-8 of the statutes. (1909 c. 98)

Apportionment of cost. Section 411-8. Whenever two or more counties unite in establishing and maintaining such school, the county school board provided for in such cases shall determine the amount of money necessary for the maintenance and equipment

of the school for the next succeeding year, and annually thereafter. They shall apportion the amount to be raised by taxation among the counties in proportion to the assessed valuation of the real and personal property in each county as last fixed by the state board of assessment, and shall report to the county clerk of each county on or before the first Monday of November in each year, the amount of the apportionment so fixed, and such amount shall be levied in the county tax of each county for the ensuing year for the support of the school. Each county treasurer shall, immediately upon the collection thereof, pay over all moneys levied and collected pursuant to the provisions of this act to the treasurer of the joint county training school board and file the latter's receipt therefor as a voucher. (1909 c. 98)

Who may be admitted.

Section 411-10. The board of any training school for teachers established under this law in a single county, or by two or more adjoining counties, shall admit to said school, whenever the facilities provided will warrant said board in so doing, any person prepared to enter such school, and who may reside in any county but not within the district where any training school has already been established. Persons so admitted shall be entitled to the same privileges and subject to the rules of the board adopted for the government of such school.

When

Tuition of nonresidents, how collected. Section 411-11. ever any person not residing in any training school district shall become a student in any training school, the board of such school is hereby empowered to charge a tuition fee for such person to be fixed by a majority of the members of said board at a regular meeting thereof, provided that such tuition fee shall not exceed seventy-five cents per week for each nonresident pupil.

The county board of supervisors of the county of which such person is a bona fide resident, is hereby authorized to, and shall provide by tax upon the property of the county, a sum sufficient to provide for the payment of the tuition on account of the residents of said county, who have attended such teachers' training school, and the amounts so levied shall be collected when and as other taxes are collected, and shall be paid by the county treasurer of said county to the county treasurer of the county in which the training school enrolling such person is situated, and the amount so received by such treasurer shall be placed to the credit of the teachers' training school district. (1909 c. 223)

Appropriation. Section 411-12. There is hereby appropriated out of any money in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, a sufficient sum to carry out the provisions of this act. (1909 c. 223)

COMMON SCHOOLS.

(Chapter 27, Wisconsin Statutes.)

FORMATION, ALTERATION, MEETINGS, AND POWERS OF

DISTRICTS.

FORMATION AND ALTERATION OF DISTRICTS.

Authority of town board. Section 412. The town board shall have power to alter or unite existing and to form new districts. The territory of a district shall be contiguous. If a district contract debt it shall not be so altered by taking its territory as to leave such debt exceeding five per cent of the last assessed valuation of the taxable property remaining therein. (1911 c. 121)

Instructions: The power to change school district boundaries and form new districts is vested in town boards of supervisors. The supervisors may act on their own motion and without waiting for any petition or request. Their power is so absolute that the supervisors of a town may on their own motion unite all entire districts and create one large district. The only remedy any person feeling himself aggrieved would have in such cases would be through securing reconsideration of the action by the supervisors themselves or through an appeal to the state superintendent. Supervisors are by law made the guardians of the interests of the people in their own town and should exercise the power granted discreetly and for the best interests of the people. Districts should be so arranged as to meet the needs of the people. In cases where all the districts of a town are united the electors may provide for as many schoolhouses located in different parts of the town as are necessary to meet the wants of the people. The affairs of the town as a school district will be administered by the three members constituting a school district board. The taxes for carrying on the school work will be voted by the electors assembled in annual or special school district meeting. Districts should be formed as compactly as the natural features of the country will permit and should always embrace sufficient wealth to provide for efficient maintenance of the school or schools without resorting to burdensome taxation and, if practicable, the territory should be so divided that the school population in each district or community would be sufficient to elicit the best efforts of the teacher and give enthusiasm to the school. The following directions for changing boundaries and forming districts should