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merous, polyspermous, coalited and full of pulp. Species eight; all Indian plants.

DILLENIUS (John James), an eminent botanist, born at Darmstadt in Germany, in 1687, and educated at the university of Gieffen. He contributed several curious papers to the Miscellanea Curiosa, and, in 1721, accompanied Dr. Sherard to England, where he spent the remainder of his days. Soon after his arrival he undertook a new edition of Ray's Synopsis Stirpium Britannicarum. He was appointed the first botanical professor at Oxford, on Dr. Sherard's foundation, and in 1735 the university admitted him to the degree of M. D. He died in 1747. He published an elaborate work, entitled Hortus Elthamensis, and also a History of Mosses.

DILLON (Wentworth), earl of Roscommon, a British poet of celebrity, was the son of James, earl of Roscommon, by a sister of the earl of Strafford. Though born in Ireland (in 1633) he received his education at lord Strafford's seat in Yorkshire, and finally entered the Protestant university of Caen in Normandy, under the celebrated Bochart. After travelling into Italy he returned, soon after the Restoration, to England, and was made captain of the band of pensioners. He now ruined his estate by gaming; and, being involved also in quarrels, he returned to Ireland, where his property lay. Here, however, he followed nearly the same course as in England, until his marriage with a daughter of the earl of Burlington. He now appears to have cultivated letters, and to have reformed himself. He projected,among other modes of promoting literature, an academy for improving and fixing the English language; but the scheme was never accomplished. On the accession of James II. he visited Italy, and took up his residence at Rome, where he died of the gout in 1684. Lord Roscommon was not a voluminous writer, his principal piece being a poetical Essay on Translated Verse, in which he lays down the rules that ought to govern translations. Other poems of this writer are translations of Horace's Art of Poetry, of Virgil's sixth Eclogue, of the Dies Ira, of a scene in Pastor Fido, &c. Dr. Johnson calls him the most correct writer of English verse before Dryden; and Pope has said of him, addressing a poet of rather different character,

Unhappy Dryden! in all Charles's days,
Roscommon only boasts unspotted lays.
DILU’CIDATE, v. a.
DILUCID, adj.

DILUCIDATION, n. s. to free from obscurity.

From Lat. dilucidare. To make clear, or plain; to explain;

I shall not extenuate, but explain and dilucidate, according to the custom of the ancients.

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If the red and blue colours were more dilute and weak, the distance of the images would be less than an inch; and if they were more intense and full, that distance would be greater. Newton. Water is the only diluter, and the best dissolvent of most of the ingredients of our aliment.

Arbuthnot on Aliments. There is no real diluent but water: every fluid is diluent, as it contains water in it. Id.

Opposite to dilution is coagulation, or thickening, which is performed by dissipating the most liquid parts by heat, or by insinuating some substances, which make the parts of the fluid cohere more strongly.

Id.

luo, to wash. Relating to the deluge. DILU'VIAN, adj. From Lat. diluvium, de and

Suppose that this diluvian lake should rise to the mountain tops in one place, and not diffuse itself Burnet's Theory. equally into all countries about.

DIM, v. a. & adj. DIM'ISH, adj.

Goth. dimma; Sax, dim- · me; Swed. dimm; Welsh

DIM'ISHLY, adv. Sdy; Erse dow. According DIM'ISHNESS, n.s.. to Minshen from δειμος, fear, because the dark occasions fear. To becloud; darken; make less bright, or obscure: as an adjective, somewhat dark; and hence not seeing clearly; dull. Dimish is a diminutive of dim. When Isaac was old his eyes were dim that he could not see. Gen. xxvii. 1. The statu of Mars began his bauberke ring, And with that sound he herd a murmuring Full low and dym, that saied, Victory!'

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It hath been observed by the ancients, that much use of Venus doth dim the sight; and yet eunuchs, which are unable to generate, are nevertheless also dim sighted.

Bacon.

Thrice changed.
Thus while he spake, each passion dimmed his face,
Milton.

Unspeakable! who sittest above these heavens, To us invisible, or dimly seen,

In these thy lowest works

Id.

In the beginning of our pumping the air, the match appeared well lighted, though it had almost filled the receiver with fumes; but by degrees burnt more and more dimly. Boyle's Spring of the Air. The principal figure in a picture is like a king among his courtiers, who dims all his attendants.

Dryden.

Every one declares against blindness, and yet who almost is not fond of that which dims his sight?

'Tis true, but let it not be known, My eyes are somewhat dimish grown; For nature, always in the right,

To your decays adapts my sight.

Locke.

Swift.

For thee I dim these eyes, and stuff this head, With all such reading as was never read.

Pope's Dunciad.

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I linger yet with Nature, for the night
Hath been to me a more familiar face
Than that of man; and in her starry shade
Of dim and solitary loveliness,

I learned the language of another world. Byron. I DIMACHE; from dig, double, and μάχω, fight; in antiquity, a kind of horsemen, first instituted by Alexander. Their armour was lighter than that of the infantry, and at the same time heavier than that used by horsemen, so that they could act as horse or foot as occasion required.

DIMCHURCH, or DINCHURCH, a village of England, in Kent, situated by the side of a strong dyke, called Dimchurch Wall, between Romney and Hythe, made to prevent the encroachments of the sea, with a road on the top which is mostly wide enough for carriages to pass each other. Here are kept the records of the Romney Marsh; and the court is held here by the lords of the Marsh and the members of the corporation, to regulate all affairs concerning it It is four miles and a half N. N. E. of New Romney, and four and a balf S. S. W. of Hythe.

DIMEN'SION, n. s. Fr. and Span. di-
DIMENSIONLESS, adj.mension; Ital. dimen-
DIMEN'SIVE.
sione; Lat. dimensio;

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Cotton.

Sim, while but Sim, in good repute did live; Was then a knave, but in diminutive. What judgment I had, increases rather than dimi

de and mensio, from metior, Gr. per pεw, to measure. Extent; capacity; solid contents. Dimensionless is used by Milton for without bulk. Dimensive is marking the boundary or dimen-nishes; and thoughts, such as they are, come crowding in so fast upon me, that my only difficulty is to chuse or to reject. Dryden.

sions.

Wherefore base

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In they passed Dimensionless through heavenly doors. Milton. My gentleman was measuring my walls, and taking

the dimensions of the room.

Swift To judge rightly of our own worth, we should retire a little from the world, to see its pleasures, and pains too, in their proper size and dimensions.

Sterne.

Watts.

Thus mingled still with wealth and state, Croesus himself can never know; His true dimensions and his weight Are far inferior to their show. DIMENSION, in geometry, is either length, breadth, or thickness; hence a line has one dimension, viz. length; a superficies two, viz. length and breadth; and a body or solid has three, viz. length, breadth, and thickness.

DIMICATION, n. s. Lat. dimicatio. A battle; the act of fighting; contest.

DIMIDIATION, n. s. Lat. dimidiatio. The act of halving; division into two equal parts.

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I never heard him censure, or so much as speak Id. diminishingly, of any one that was absent.

The gravitating power of the sun is transmitted through the vast bodies of the planets without any diminution, so as to act upon all their parts, to their very centres, with the same force, and according to the same laws, as if the part upon which it acts were not surrounded with the body of the planet. Newton. They know how weak and aukward many of those little diminutive discourses are. Watts.

Crete's ample fields diminish to our eye; Before the Boreal blasts the vessels fly.

Pope's Odyssey. Security diminishes the passions; the mind, when Hume. left to itself, immediately languishes.

Check then the solicitations of the flesh; and dare to do nothing that may diminish thy native excellence, dishonour thy high original, or degrade thy noble

nature.

Mason.

Thence with what pleasure have we just discerned The distant plough, slow moving, and beside His labouring team, that swerved not from the track, The sturdy swain diminished to a boy. Cowper. DIM'ISSORY, adj. Lat. dimissorius. That by which a man is dismissed to another jurisdiction.

A bishop of another diocess ought neither to ordain or admit a clerk, without the consent of his own proper bishop, and without the letters dimissory.

Ayliffe. DIMISSORY LETTERS, literæ dimissoriæ, in the canon law, a letter given by a bishop to a candidate for holy orders, having a title in his diocess, directed to some other bishop, and giving leave for the bearer to be ordained by him. When a person produces letters of ordination or tonsure, conferred by any other than his own diocesan, he must at the same time produce the letters dimissory given by his own bishop, on pain of nullity. Letters dimissory cannot be given by the chapter, sede vacante; this being deemed an act of voluntary jurisdiction, which ought to be reserved to the successor.

DIMITY, n.s. A tine kind of fustian, or cloth of cotton.

I directed a trowze of fine dimity.

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Wiseman.

* DIM'PLE, n. s. & v. n. Dint, a hole; dinDIMPLED, adj. tle, a little hole; by DIMP'LY, adv. Sa careless pronunciation made dimple, says Skinner. A small hollow, or depression, often applied to the face.

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DIMŒRITÆ; from dia, and popaw, to divide; a name given to the Apollinarists, who at first held that Christ only assumed a human body without taking a reasonable soul; but, being at length convinced by texts of Scripture, they allowed that he did assume a soul, but without understanding, the Word supplying that faculty. From this way of separating the understanding from the soul they were denominated Dimeritæ, or separaters.

DIMOTUC, a town of European Turkey, in Romania, with a Greek archbishop's see. It is reated on a mountain surrounded by the river VOL. VII.

Meriza, twelve miles south-west of Adrianople Long. 26° 15′ E., lat. 41° 35' N.

DIMSDALE (Thomas), a celebrated English physician, the son of a surgeon at Theydon Gar non in Essex, where he was born in 1712. He studied some time at St. Thomas's Hospital, London; and, about 1734, commenced practitioner at Hertford. In 1745 he accompanied the army under the duke of Cumberland as assistant surgeon, and continued in that capacity till Carlisle had surrendered to the royal army, when he returned to Hertford. In 1761 he took the degree of M. D., commenced physician, and became celebrated by his successful mode of inoculating for the small pox. He published a treatise on it in 1767, which was quickly translated, and circulated all over the continent. His fame as a skilful practitioner occasioned his being invited to Russia to inoculate the empress Catherine and her son, in 1768, for which he was appointed counsellor of state and physician to her imperial majesty, with an annuity of £500: he was at the same time created a baron of the Russian empire, and the same title was conferred on his son. At Moscow he inoculated also a considerable number of the people; but refused the invitation of the empress to reside in Russia as her physician, and after being admitted, at Sans Souci, to a private audience of Frederic II. king of Prussia, he returned to England. In 1780 he was elected M. P. for the borough of Hertford; upon which he declined his practice, except for the relief of the poor. In 1781 he again visited Russia to inoculate the late emperor Alexander and his brother, in which he experienced the same success as before. On his resignation, in 1790, his son Nathanael was elected representative of the borough of Hertford. Baron Dimsdale died at Hertford, after a short illness, in 1800.

make a noise; Ice. dyna, to thunder. To sun DIN, v. a. & n. s. Sax. dýn, from dynan, to with a noise; stupify; overpower with clamotr; the noise made.

And all the way he roared as he went,
That all the forest with astonishment
Thereof did tremble, and the beasts therein
Fled fast away from that so dreadful din.
Hubberd's Tale.

O, 'twas a din to fright a monster's ear;
To make an earthquake: sure, it was the roar
Of a whole herd of lions.

Shakspeare.

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But without there is a din
Should arouse the' saints within,
And revive the heroic ashes

Round which yellow Tiber dashes. Byron. DINAGEPORE, a district of Bengal, situated between the twenty-fifth and twenty-sixth degrees of northern latitude. It is bounded on the north and west by Purneah, on the east by Rungpore and Ghoragot, and on the south by Bettooriah. The soil is much diversified, and the general face of the country is divided into small valleys of two or three miles broad. These are watered by rivers, which, in the rainy seasons, inundate the low lands and swell into large lakes fifty or sixty miles long, till the falling of the Ganges permits the water to retire, after which these lowlands are covered with luxuriant pasture, and are capable of producing abundant crops of rice. The soil does not answer for grain, but indigo, tobacco, and hemp are cultivated successfully, It is on the whole, however, one of the poorest districts of Bengal. Three-fourths of the inhabitants are Hindoos.

DINAGEPORE, or Rajigunge, the capital of the above district, is situated on an island formed by the Pernabubah, and is the residence of the rajah. It is a considerable place of trade.

DINAH; Heb. 77, i. e. judgment; the only daughter of the patriarch Jacob. Her misfortune with the prince of Shechem; his honorable proposal of repairing the injury by marriage; and the prevention of the fulfilment of his generous intention by the treachery and barbarity of her bloody brethren, Simeon and Levi, are recorded in Gen. xxxiv. See LEVI.

DINAN, or DINANT, a town of the depart ment of the Cotes du Nord, Brittany, containing manufactures of cotton, linen, and flannel, and about 4200 inhabitants. It is surrounded with walls, and has an old castle, situated on the river Rance, a few miles from the sea. The small harbour is about thirteen miles south of St.

Malo.

DINAPORE, a town, or rather a military cantonment, belonging to the British, situated on the southern bank of the river Ganges, in the province of Bahar, eleven miles and a half west of the city of Patna, for the defence of which it was constructed, in the year 1767. It consists of two handsome brick squares that will contain 1200 men, and superior barracks for the European officers. The officers,' says Mr. Hamilton, ‘have more accommodations than in any barracks in England; and the private soldiers of the European regiments are provided with large and well aired apartments. The native soldiers are quartered in small huts, which to them is no hardship. The magazine built by Mr. Hastings has had £15,000 expended on it. In the vicinity is an excellent house in the European style, built by the soudah Ali, nabob of Oude.

DINDIGUL, or DANDIGALA, a district in the south of India, situated between the tenth and eleventh degrees of north latitude. It is bounded on the north by Coimbetoor and Kistnagherry, on the east by the Polygar territory and Madura, on the south by Travancor and Madura, and on the west by Travancor, Cochin, and Malabar. The principal rivers are the

Noil and the Amravati; and the chief towns Dindigul, Balny, and Palapetty. Particular inhabitants are here in the enjoyment of a portion of land, rent free, and the hereditary occupiers of the rest. This district was ceded to the British by Tippoo, in 1792, and, together with Madura, the Manapara Pollams, Ramnad, and Shevagunga, now forms one of the collectorships of the Madras presidency. The Dindigul districts and sequestered pollams have been converted into forty zemindaries.

DINDIGUL, the capital of the district of the same name, in southern India; has a fort, situated on a strong rock, in the midst of a plain, which is bounded on the west by the great range of mountains which separates it from the coast of Malabar, and on the east by a lower range, which runs between it and the district of Madura. This place was taken in 1755 by the Mysore rajahs, and by the British army in May, 1783, but restored to Tippoo at the peace of 1784. Travelling distance from Seringapatam 198 miles, from Madras 275 miles.

DINDYMA, or DINDYMUS, a mountain or ridge, allotted by many to Phrygia. Strabo mentions two mountains of this name, one in Mysia, near Cyzicus, the other in Gallogræcia, near Pessinûs, and none in Phrygia. Ptolemy extends this ridge from the borders of Troas, through Phrygia to Gallogræcia: though, therefore, there were two mountains called Dindymus in particular, both sacred to the mother of the gods, and none of them in Phrygia Major, yet there might be several hills and eminences in it, on which this goddess was worshipped, and therefore called Dindyma in general.

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Before dinner and supper, as often as it is convenient, or can be had, let the public prayers of the church, or some parts of them, be said publicly in the family. Taylor.

cially the dining-room; and many other of the rooms

The apartments within were very splendid, espe

were well adorned with mouldings and fret-work; some of whose marble clavils were so delicately fine, that they would reflect an object true and lively from a great distance. Fuller. Worthies of Devon.

Boil this restoring root in generous wine,
And set beside the door the sickly stock to dine.
Dryden.

Thus, of your heroes and brave boys,
With whom old Homer makes such noise,
The greatest actions I can find,
Are, that they did their work and dined.

Prior.

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He huffs and dings, because we will not spend the lile we have left, to get him the title of lord Strut. Arbuthnot.

DINGELFINGEN, a well-built old town of Lower Bavaria, situated on the Iser, in the circle of the Danube, and containing 2080 inhabitants. It is divided into the upper and lower towns; the former standing on a steep eminence, communicating with the hills by a sort of dry aqueduct. It is eighteen miles northeast of Landshut, and forty-eight north-east of Munich.

DIN'GLE, n. s. From Sax. den, or din, a hollow. A hollow between hills; a dale.

I know each lane, and every alley green,
Dingle or bushy dell of this wild wood;
And every bosky bourn from side to side,
My daily walks and ancient neighbourhood.

Milton.

DINGLE, in geography, a sea-port of Ireland, in Kerry, Munster, seated on the north side of a bay, and formerly a place of great trade, particularly with Spain. Several of the houses are built in the Spanish fashion, with ranges of stone balcony windows. It is a borough, and sent two members to the Irish parliament. It is twenty-four miles W.S. W. of Tralee, and 166 of Dublin.

Its

DINGWALL, an ancient and flourishing royal borough, in the county of Ross, Scotland, erected by king Alexander II., in 1226. charter of that date was confirmed and renewed by James IV., and the inhabitants empowered to elect a provost, two baillies, dean of guild, treasurer, and ten counsellors. It joins with Kirkwall, Wick, Dornoch, and Tain, in sending a representative to the British parliament. From the remains of some old causeways, Dingwall appears to have been anciently much more extensive than it is now. The ruins of its castle are still to be seen, consisting of stones so strongly cemented with mortar that it is easier to break a solid rock than to separate those of which it is composed.' It was surrounded with a deep ditch, and a regular glacis remains. The town has been much enlarged and improved, and a considerable inland trade is carried on in it. It lies eighteen miles west of Cromarty, and is seated on the Frith.

DINOCRATES, a celebrated architect of Macedonia, who rebuilt the temple of Ephesus, when burnt by Erostratus, with much more magnificence than before. Vitruvius informs us, that Dinocrates proposed to Alexander the Great to convert mount Athos into the figure of a man, whose left hand should contain a walled city, and all the rivers of the mount flow into his right, and from thence into the sea! He also conceived a scheme for building the dome of the temple of Arsinoe at Alexandria, of loadstone, that should, by its attraction, uphold her iron image in the centre, suspended in the air.

DINT, v. a. & n. s. Sax. dynt; Goth. dunt, a blow; a stroke. To give a blow that marks or indents the blow given; force.

Much daunted with that dint, her sense was dazed; Yet, kindling rage, herself she gathered round.

Spenser.

A gentle knight was pricking on the plaine Ycladd in mighty arms and silver shielde, Wherein old dints of deepe wounds did remaine, The cruel marks of many 'a bloody fielde.

Spenser. Faerie Queene. Leave, leave, fair bride, your solitary bone, No more shall you return to it alone; It nurseth sadness; and your body's print, Like to a grave, the yielding down doth dint.

Donne.

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Deep-dinted wrinkles on her cheeks she draws; Sunk are her eyes, and toothless are her jaws. Dryden's Eneid.

We are to wrest the whole Spanish monarchy out

of the hands of the enemy; and, in order to it, to work our way into the heart of his country by dint of Addison.

arms.

Fast by the rock, all menacing but mute, He stood; and save a light beat of his foot, Which deepened now and then the sandy dint Beneath his heel, his form seemed turned to flint. Byron. DINUMERATION, n. s. Lat. dinumeratio. The act of numbering out singly.

DIO, surnamed Chrysostom, (golden mouth), a celebrated orator and philosopher of Greece, in the first century, born at Prusa, in Bithynia. He attempted to persuade Vespasian to quit the empire; and Domitian was so offended at his freedom of speech that he would have put him to death had he not fled into Thrace. After the death of that tyrant Dio returned to Rome, and acquired the esteem of Trajan, who made him ride with him in his triumphal chariot. There are still extant eighty of Dio's Orations, and some other of his works,-the best edition of which is that of Samuel Raimarus, in 1750, in folio.

DIOCESS, n.s.

η Gr. δια, and οικησις, DIOCESAN, n. s. & adj. or see the article following. The circuit of a bishop's jurisdiction: diocesan is the bishop administering therein.

None ought to be admitted by any bishop, but such as have dwelt and remained in his diocess a convenient time. Whitgift.

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