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was overturned in 534. Nevertheless, they remained in a separate body till the close of the sixth century, when Gregory, the Roman pontiff, used various methods for suppressing them; his zeal succeeded, and there are few traces to be found of the Donatists after this period. They were distinguished by other appellations; as Montenses, Campites, Rupites, &c. They held three councils, one at Cirta in Numidia, and two at Carthage. The peculiar opinions of the Donatists were, 1. That baptism conferred out of the church, that is, out of their sect, was null; and accordingly they rebaptised those who joined their party from other churches, and re-ordained their ministers. Donatus seems likewise to have given into the doctrine of the Arians, with whom he was closely allied; and, accordingly, St. Epiphanius, Theodoret, aud some others, accused the Donatists of Arianism; and it is probable that the charge was well founded, because they were patronised by the Vandals, who were of these sentiments. But St. Augustine (Ep. 185, to count Boniface, and Hær. 69.) affirms, that the Donatists, in this point, were clear of the errors of their leader.

DONATIVE, in the canon law, a benefice given by the patron merely without a presentation to the bishop. If chapels founded by laymen be not approved by the diocesan, and, as it is called, spiritualised, they are not accounted proper be nefices, neither can they be conferred by the bishop, but remain to the pious disposition of the founders, and their heirs, who may give such chapels without the bishop. Gwin observes, that the king might anciently found a free chapel, and exempt it from the jurisdiction of the diocesan; so may he, by letters patent, give liberty to a common person to found such a chapel, and make it donative, not presentable; and the chaplain or beneficiary, is deprivable by the founder or his heir, and not by the bishop. Donatives are within the statute against simony; and, if they have cure of souls, within that against pluralities. If the patron of a donative does not nominate a clerk, there can be no lapse thereof, unless it be specially provided for in the foundation; but the bishop may compel him to do it by spiritual censures. But, if it be augmented by queen Anne's bounty, it will lapse like other presentative livings. 1 Geo. I. stat. 2, cap. 10. The ordinary cannot visit a donative, and therefore it is free from procuration, and the incumbent is exempted from attendance at visitations. All bishoprics anciently were donative by the king. Where a bishop has the gift of a benefice, it is properly called a donative, because he cannot present to himself.

DONATIVE, DONATIVUM, in antiquity, was properly a gift made to the soldiers, as congiarium was to the people. The Romans made large donatives to their soldiers. Julia Pia, wife of the emperor Severus, is called on certain medals mater castrorum, because of the care she took of the soldiery, by interposing for the augmentation of their donatives, &c. Salmasius, in his notes to Lampridius, on his Life of Heliogabalus, mentioning a donative that emperor gave of three pieces of gold per head, observes, that this was the common and legitimate rate of VOL. VII

a donative. Casaubon, in his notes on the Life of Pertinax by Capitolinus, observes, that Pertinax made a promise of 2000 denarii to each soldier; which amounts to upwards of £97 sterling. The same author writes, that the legal donative was 20,000 denarii; and that it was not customary to give less, especially to the prætorian soldiers: that the centurions had double, and the tribunes, &c., more in proportion.

DONATUS (Elius), a celebrated grammarian, who lived at Rome, about A. D. 354. He was one of St. Jerome's masters; and composed commentaries on Terence and Virgil, which are esteemed.

DONATUS (Jerom), a learned and noble Venetian, who flourished in the end of the fifteenth century, and died in the beginning of the sixteenth. He was a benefactor to his country, both as a commander and as a negociator, and procured its reconcilement with pope Julius II. He wrote many books, which remain in MS.;. besides a translation of Alexander Aphrodiceus de Anima, which he published. He died of a fever at Rome just as he had completed his negociation with Julius.

DONAVESCHINGEN, or DONESCHINGEN, a town of Germany, in the circle of Suabia, situated in the Black Forest, where the prince of Furstenberg has a palace, near which is a spring, said to be the source of the Danube, thirteen miles N. N. W. of Schaffhausen, and thirteen west of Duttlingen.

DONAUWERTH, a strong and well built town of Bavaria, in the circle of the Upper Danube, on the left bank of that river. It has been taken and retaken several times in the wars of Germany; and was formerly an imperial city. It has a bridge over the Danube, four good churches and four hospitals: it lies thirty miles west of Ingoldstadt, and eighteen north of Augsburgh. In this neighbourhood were the famous lines of Schellenberg, when the allies under the duke of Marlborough obtained an important victory over the Bavarians on the 2d July 1704.

DONAX, a genus of insects belonging to the order of vermes testacei. It is an animal of the oyster kind; and the shell has two valves, with a very obtuse margin in the fore part. There are nineteen species, principally distinguished by the figure of their shells.

DONCASTER, an ancient, large, and populous town, in the West Riding of Yorkshire, seated on the Don, with a castle, whence its name. It is incorporated, and is governed by a mayor, recorder, six aldermen, and twenty-four councillors. In this town is a handsome theatre, town-hall, bank, free grammar-school, almshouse, work-house, a public dispensary, and various other benevolent societies and institutions for the relief of sick and afflicted persons. The parish church is an ancient structure; and its steeple is a piece of excellent workmanship. Here are numerous meeting-houses for religious sects of different denominations. Doncaster has long been celebrated for its races; on the course, which is one of the most eligible in the kingdom, is erected an elegant stand for the accommodation of the spectators and visitors, who are always numerous and fashionable. It has a

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market on Monday; and carries on manufactures of vests, petticoats, stockings, gloves, &c. It has two bridges over the Don, with a high causeway beyond them, the river being apt to overflow its banks. It has also the relics of an old Roman road, and lies thirty-seven miles south of York, and 160 north by west of London.

DONE, a kind of interjection. The word by
which a wager is concluded: when a wager is
offered, he that accepts it says 'Done!'
Shakspeare.

Done: the wager?
One thing, sweet heart, I will ask:
Take me for a new-fashioned mask.

Tempest.

-Done: but my bargain shall be this, I'll throw Cleveland. mask off when I kiss. my 'Twas done and done, and the fox, by consent, was to be the judge. L'Estrange.

DONEGAL, anciently Tyrconnel, is a county in the province of Ulster, bounded on the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean, by parts of Leitrim and Fermanagh on the south, and by Tyrone, Londonderry, and Fermanagh on the east. It is divided into six baronies, and fortytwo parishes. Its superficies measures about 679,550 plantation acres. The line of coast is adorned by many islands, of which seventeen are inhabited; and it is also indented by numerous excellent harbours and bays, capable of being made available either for the West-India trade, or the encouragement and growth of valuable fisheries. The chief islands are Aranmore, containing 2000 acres, 132 houses, and 778 inhabitants: Inisbofin, having forty-three houses and 252 inhabitants: Tory Island, supporting a population of 296 in fifty-nine houses. The most important harbours are, the noble inlet of Lough Swilly, extending thirty miles in length; Mulroy and Sheep-haven in the north; Teelin, Killybegs, and Brucklis in the south. The whale fishery was once successfully prosecuted on this coast, and a pier was erected at Inver, as an auxiliary, which now, unhappily, is a total ruin. Inver and Brucklis Bay continue to be the chief seat of the herring fishery; but from the want of shelter for boats, this mode of life is rendered in this place awfully perilous. In 1813 fifty fishermen were lost in the last-mentioned bay, entirely owing to the want of any rendezvous, when the squall came on. The safest, best, and largest harbour on this line, is Killybegs: here several hundred sail might anchor safely, but could not put to sea hence in west or south-west winds. The fishery along this coast has latterly decayed, and is not likely to be arrested in its melancholy decline, without either the countenance and assistance of government, or of the landed proprietors of the county.

The roads in Donegal are, in most places, unfit for carriages; and the traffic of the country is carried on generally by horses, with sacks and baskets. No mail-coach, as yet, passes through any part of this great district. The coast road should be all remade: a new line is wanted from the Rosses, by the Giddore River, to Gortahork; and also from the same place to Fintown, by Aragib Mountain. In fact, without coast improvements, the population will find it difficult to procure subsistence; and with the required road

improvements, a market would be found for the
overplus of food obtained by the improved nar-
bours, at the same time that civilisation would
advance much more rapidly. Donegal abounds
in valuable mineral substances; it has been
visited by Dr. Berger, Dr. Stokes, and Sir
Charles Giesecke. The surface may be termed
both boggy and mountainous; the former part
useless, from a scanty population and want of
drainage; the latter unapproachable from want
of roads. There is a valuable lead mine, at full
work, near Kildrum. At Muckish there exists
a rich bed of silicious sand. Iron ore is found
in Aran-more, Muckish, and other places.
Coals are found at Dromore, Ards, and Gla-
nelly, and slate near Ballyshannon and Letter-
kenney. Veins of primitive limestone and
marble, fit for statuary, appear at Fintown;
sienite, and porphyritic sienite, are had here in
great abundance, besides several species of lime-
stone. Dykes are of frequent occurrence, and
consist principally of trap and greenstone. There
is but little trade of any description existing here.
Linen is made by the cottagers, and sold to the
travellers from Derry, Sligo, and Strabane.
Kelp is made along the coast; and the fisheries,
now in a very low state, might be rendered a
great blessing to the poor and peaceable inhabi-
tants of this large county, by the adoption of a
few of Mr. Nimmo's very beautiful designs for
coast improvements.

There are some remarkable natural beauties and curiosities in Donegal: the pass of Bamsmore is the most sublime of the first description; and M'Swine's Gun the most singular of the second. The climate, from its latitude and exposure to the Atlantic, is both colder and more damp than most of the other northern counties; yet longevity is said to be one of its attributes: the last census returns upwards of twenty persons in the county as having attained the age of 100, and several as having reached the unusually extended age of 115 years. The chief towns are Lifford, Letterkenney, Raphoe, Ballyshannon, Rathmelton, Killybegs, Buncrana, Ballintra, Dunfanaghy, &c. The chief, or county town is Lifford, situated on the river Finn. The assizes for the county are held here, but from its awkward situation, upon the boundaries of the county, and its proximity to Strabane, it has never risen to the importance to which shire-towns are entitled; the population scarcely amounts to 1000 persons. Letterkenny is well situated for supplying the county with imports, but Rathmelton much better. The town of Ballyshannon, the property of Packenham Conolly, Esq., is situated at the embouchure of the river Erne. Here is the famous salmon fishery, the produce of which is all exported to London, carefully packed in ice. The fall of Ballyshannon is a beautiful object, and always supplied with a great body of water from Lough Erne. The harbour of Ballyshannon is obstructed by two bars; but, when they are passed, there is safe lying for small vessels in the pool below the waterfall. This harbour is much in want of improvement, and a navigation from Loch Erne to the sea is an obvious want. The Erne, the Finn, and the Guybarra, are the principal rivers in the county; but

lakes and mountain pools are very numerous. Lough Derg is rendered famous in story by the pilgrimages to St. Patrick's Purgatory, on one of its islands, annually performed by multitudes from every part of Ireland; and Lough Esk is noted for the production of excellent char fish. There are few counties in Ireland possessing greater interest, and at the same time less known to the public, than Donegal.

DONEGAL TOWN, in the barony of Tyrhugh, county of Donegal, and province of Ulster, is about 140 miles from Dublin. "It is a post, market, and fair town. Here is a beautiful remnant of the military antiquities of Ireland, O'Donnel's castle, erected in the twelfth century, and at this day singularly perfect. The ruins of a monastery, founded in 1474, by Owen Rowe, stand at the distance of half a mile from the town.

DONERAIL, a borough of Ireland, in Cork, seated on the Awbeg, near some quarries of beautiful variegated marble. It sent two members to parliament before the Union. It is nineteen miles north-east of Cork, and 115 south-west of Dublin. DONGALA, DANGALA, or DANKALA, as it is called by the Arabs, is a town of Africa, in Nubia, seated on the east bank of the Nile. The streets are said to be half-deserted, being filled up with sand brought down by the waters from the mountains. The castle is large but not strong; but an account of it by Porcet, dated at the close of the seventeenth century, is the last we have seen. Persons of rank here go bareheaded, their hair being disposed in tresses, and their whole attire consisting in a rude vest without sleeves. The pride of Dongala is in its horses, which are as beautiful as their riders are skilful. Since the expulsion of the Mamelukes from Egypt, those of that body which effected their escape, have taken possession of Dongala, and established a species of petty kingdom there. Their number, however, does not exceed 500, with 3000 or 4000 slaves. Dongala is 150 miles north of Sennar, and 690 south of Cairo.

DO'NJON, n.s. Now corrupted to dungeon, from low Lat, domnionum, according to Menage. The highest and strongest tower of the castle, where prisoners were kept: as in Chaucer. It is now used of subterraneous prisons.

Chaucer.

The grete toure, that was so thicke and strong, Which of the castle was the chief dongeon, Wherein the knightes were in prison, Was evin joynant to the garden-wall, Ther as this Emely had her playeing. DONNE (John), D. D., a poet and divine of the seventeenth century. His parents were of the Romish religion, and used their utmost efforts to keep him firm to it; but his early examination of the controversy between the church of Rome and the Protestants, at last determined him to choose the latter. He travelled into Italy and Spain, where he learnt their languages to perfection. Soon after he returned to England Sir Thomas Egerton, keeper of the great seal, appointed him his secretary; in which post he continued five years. Marrying privately Anne, the daughter of Sir George Moore, then chancellor of the garter, he was dismissed from his place, and thrown into prison: but he was

afterwards reconciled to Sir George by the good offices of Sir Francis Wolley. In 1612 he accompanied Sir Robert Drury to Paris, and during this time many of the nobility solicited the king for some secular employment for him. But king James, who took plsasure in his conversation, had engaged him in writing his PseudoMartyr, printed at London in 1610; and was so highly pleased with that work, that in 1614 he prevailed upon him to enter into holy orders; appointed him one of his chaplains, and procured him the degree of D. D. from the University of Oxford. In 1619 he attended the earl of Doncaster in his embassy into Germany. In 1621 he was made dean of St. Paul's, and vicar of St. Dunstan's, in London; the advowson of it having been given to him long before by Richard earl of Dorset. By these and other preferments, he was enabled to be charitable, to the poor, and to make good provision for his children. He wrote besides the above, 1. Devotions upon emergent occasions. 2. The Ancient History of the Septuagint, translated from the Greek of Aristeus, in 4to. 3. Three volumes of sermons, folio. 4. A considerable number of poems, and other works. He died in 1631; and was interred in St. Paul's cathedral, where a monument was erected to his memory. His writings show him to have been a man of wit and learning; but his chief talent lay in satire; though it savors more of the coarse style of Juvenal, than of the elegant humor of Horace.

DONNE (Benjamin), a celebrated mathematician, was born in 1729, at Bideford, in Devonshire, where his father and brother Abraham were eminent teachers of the mathematics. Benjamin succeeded his father, but afterwards removed to Bristol, where he died in 1798. He was master of mechanics to his late majesty, and published-1. Mathematical Essays, 8vo., 1759. 2. A Map of Devonshire, from an actual survey, made by himself. 3. The Accountant and Geometrician, 8vo. 4. The British Mariner's Assistant, 8vo. 5. Essays on Trigonometry, 8vo. 6. An Epitome of Natural Philosophy, 12mo. 7. A Treatise on Mechanical Geometry, 12mo.

DONNINGTON, or DUNNINGTON, a town of England, in the county of Lincoln, with a good trade in hemp and hemp-seed, and a port for barges, by which goods are conveyed to Boston and the Washes. It has lately been much improved. Through the fens, a firm, rampart of earth of considerable breadth has been constructed, which forms a convenient road to Sempringham. The church is a convenient building: in the lower part of the steeple is a stone, on which are the remains of a Roman inscription, unintelligible, with the exception of the date of the year. It has a weekly market on Saturday; and is eleven miles W. S. W. of Boston, and 110 north of London.

DOOD'LE, n. s. A cant word, says Johnson, perhaps corrupted from do little : farneant. A trifler; an idler.

DOOM, v. a. & n. s.`
DOOM'S-DAY,
DOOMS'MAN,
DOOMS-DAY-BOOK.

Sax. dome, deman; Teut. thum, to DEEM, which see. To judge; destine; hence to com

mand judicially, denounce; and the sentence, determination, or judgment given. Doomsday is the day of future and universal judgment. For doom's-day-book, see DOMESDAY-BOOK.

Be thou consenting to thin adversarie soone, while thou art in the waye with him, lest peraventure thin adversarie take thee to the domesman and the domesman take thee to the ministre, and thou be sent in to prisoun. Wiclif. Matt. v. He that etith and drynkith unworthile, etith and drynkith doom to him, not wiseli demynge the bodi of the lord. Id. Cor. xi. Have I a tongue to doom my brother's death, And shall that tongue give pardon to a slave? Shakspeare.

Revoke thy doom,

Or whilst I can vent clamour from my throat, I'll tell thee thou dost evil. Id. King Lear. Search Windsor Castle, elves, within and out: Strew good luck, ouphes, on every sacred room, That it may stand till the perpetual doom. Id. Men, wives, and children stare, cry out, and run, As it were doomsday. Id. Julius Cæsar. The Danes also brought in a reckoning of money by ores, per oras, which is mentioned in doomsdayCamden.

book.

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I have no will but what your eyes ordain; Destined to love, as they are doomed to reign. Granville. From the same foes, at last, both felt their doom; And the same age saw learning fall, and Rome.

Pope. Indeed, as there is a difference in constitutions, some rest well after these meals; it costs them only a frightful dream and an apoplexy, after which they sleep till doomsday. Nothing is more common in the newspapers, than instances of people, who, after eating a hearty supper, are found dead a-bed in the morning. Franklin.

In groundless hope, and causeless fear, Unhappy man! behold thy doom; Still changing with the changeful year, The slave of sunshine and of gloom. Johnson. Winter's Walk. When to the supper-hall we moved along, Why was I doomed to face her in the throng! With what provoking kindness did she stand, And loose her arm from his to press my hand,

And beg with well feigned sympathy to know
Of head-aches which I felt three months ago.
Dr. T. Brown.

The very knowledge that he lived in vain,
That all was over on this side the tomb,
Had made Despair a smilingness assume,
Which, though 'twere wild,- -as on the plundered
wreck

When mariners would madly meet their doom With draughts intemperate on the sinking deck,Did yet inspire a cheer, which he forbore to check. Byron.

DOON, or LOCH DOON, anciently called Dohn, a lake of Scotland, six miles long, in the south-east part of the district of Kyle, in Ayrshire. There is an island in it, with an old fort called Balloch Castle. Also the name of a river of Scotland, which issues from Loch Doon, and, running north-west, divides the district of Kyle from that of Carrick. After a course of various meanderings for twenty-four miles, it falls into the Frith of Clyde, a little south of Ayr. It abounds with salmon, trout, pikes, and eels.

DOOR, n. s. DOOR CASE,

Goth. dore; Sax. dora; Teut. thur; Dan. doer; perDOOR KEEPER. Shaps from Gr. Oupa à bow, to enter; Minsheu. The gate of a house or room; hence entrance of any kind; passage; and by metonymy, a house. To lay at the doors of any one is to impute; to charge upon him any thing.

Petir stoode at the dore withoutforth: therfore the tothir disciple that was knowuu to the bisschop wente out and seide to the womman that kepte the dore and broughte yn petir, and the damysel kepere of the dore seide to petir wher thou art also of this mannys disciplis. Wiclif. Jon. xviii.

The praier stint of Arcite the strong,
The ringes on the temple dore they rong,
And eke the dores clatten full fast,
Of which Arcite somewhat him agast

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Since my own doors refuse to entertain me, I'll knock elsewhere. Shakspeare.

The indispensable necessity of sincere obedience, shuts the door against all temptations to carnal security. Hammond.

He that hath given the following assistances to thee, desires to be even a doorkeeper in God's house, and to be a servant to the meanest of God's servants. Taylor's Preface.

In the side a door Contrived; and of provisions laid in large, For man and beast. Milton's Paradise Lost. A seditious word leads to a broil, and a riot unpunished is but next door to a tumult. L'Estrange.

Lay one piece of flesh or fish in the open air, and another of the same kind and bigness within doors. Bacon's Natural History.

For without rules, there can be no art, any more than there can be a house without a door to conduct Dryden. you in.

In any of which parts if I have failed, the fault lies wholly at my door. Id. Dufresnoy, Preface.

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Martin's office is now the second door in the street, where he will see Parnel. Arbuthnot.

A shrewd observer once said, that in walking the streets on a slippery morning, one might see where the good-natured people lived, by the ashes thrown on the ice before the doors. Franklin.

Love ends with hope; the sinking statesman's door, Pours in the morning worshipper no more.

Johnson. Vanity of Human Wishes. DOOSHACK, or Jullalabad, the capital of the province of Seistan, Persia, is situated in an open country, at the distance of eight or nine miles from the river Helmund, or Hetermund. It consists of about 2000 houses. Here is a good bazaar, and around are the ruins of a more extensive ancient city, which appears to have been built of half-burnt brick. The modern town, more commonly called Julallabad, is governed by a prince of an ancient and independent family, who styles himself king of Seistan.

DO'QUET, n. s. A paper containing a war

rant. See Dock.

Before the institution of this office, no doquet for licence to alien, nor warrant for pardon of alienation made, could be purchased without an oath.

Bacon's Office of Alienation.

DORAK, or Felahi, a town of the province of Kuzistan, Persia, situated on two branches of the river Jerahi. It is surrounded by mud walls, two miles in circuit, sixteen feet thick, and flanked at intervals, by round towers. The palace of the seik occupies a large area, but is a mean edifice, and in a decaying state. Dorak is celebrated for the manufacture of Arabian cloaks. There are few houses within the walls, as most of the inhabitants prefer residing under the shade of the date trees, in the suburbs. Population 8000. Seventy-five miles south of Shuster.

DORAN, a town of Arabia, in Yemen, the residence of the chief or governor of the district Bellad Aries. It is situated on the declivity of a mountain, and was once surrounded by a wall with three gates. Twenty-eight miles south of Sana.

DORCAS. See CAPRA. DORCHESTER, an ancient, neat, and well built town of England, the capital of Dorsetshire. It is seated on the river Frome, on a Roman road, and adorned with a fine terrace walk, planted with trees. It has three parish churches, with a court house where the county assizes are held; and is governed by a mayor, twelve aldermen, a recorder, and twenty four council-men. It has long been

famous for its excellent ale. The streets are broad and well paved. It has two markets on Wednesday and Saturday, and sends two members to parliament. The manufactures are serge and broad cloth. It lies eight miles north of Weymouth, fifty-three east of Exeter, and 120 west by south of London.

DORCHESTER, a town in Oxfordshire, seated on the Tame, over which it has a bridge, three quarters of a mile above its junction with the Thames. It had five churches before the Norman conquest. It is ten miles south-east of Oxford, and fortynine W. N. W. of London.

DORCHESTER, a county of Maryland, in North America. It is thirty-three miles long from east to west, and twenty-seven broad. Its produce is chiefly wheat, corn, and lumber. Cambridge is the chief town.

DORCHESTER, a town of the United States of America, in Grafton county, New Hampshire, seventeen miles north-east of Dartmouth.

DORCHESTER, a township of the United States, in Norfolk county, Massachusetts. It is two miles south by east of Boston, and is about six miles long, and three and a half broad. The chief manufactures are paper, chocolate, snuff, leather, and shoes.

DORCHESTER, a town of the United States, in Cumberland county, New Jersey, seventeen miles east of Fairfield.

DORCHESTER NECK, a peninsula of Massachusetts, on the coast of the township, in Norfolk county; the north-east point of which approaches within half a mile of Castle Island, and its north-west point within half a mile of the south part of Boston. During the American war forts suffered greatly. were erected on the heights, and the township

DORDOGNE, a department of France, comprehending part of the ci-devant province of Perigord, bounded on the north-east by that of the Upper Vienne, on the east by those of the Lot and Correze, on the south by that of the Lot and Garonne, on the west by those of the Gironde and the Lower Charente, and on the northwest by that of the Charente. Perigueux is the capital. Its superficial extent is about 3600 square miles, and the population 425,000, of whom 8500 are Protestants. It was at first divided into nine districts, but now consists of the five arrondissements of Perigueux (the capital), Bergerac, Sarlat, Riberac, and Nontron. The south of the department, particularly the banks of the Dordogne, the Vezere, and the Ile, is fruitful; but the north is mountainous, and covered with wood; the deficiency of corn being supplied by chestnuts and potatoes. There are a few manufacturing establishments in various places, viz. for hardware, paper, glass, and pottery. Wine, oil, and cattle, form the chief articles of export. Of wine 150,000 hogsheads are accounted an average vintage; the cattle and sheep are numerous.

DORDOGNE, a considerable river of France, which rises about seven miles north-west of Besse, in the department of the Puy-de-Dome. After forming the limit of the departments of the Puyde-Dome and the Correze, it runs through an extensive tract, and falls into the Garonne, at

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