DOS most of the principal cities. Those ministers, who would not subscribe to the decree of the synod, were banished, of whom there were above 100. An important object of commerce here, at present, is the timber brought in large floats down the Rhine, and either exported to England, Spain, and Portugal, or prepared for different uses in the saw-mills which skirt the town. Here are several excellent docks for ship-building, and a brisk trade is carried on in the yarn and linen, as well as in the salt manufacture. The salmon-fisheries here established are also productive. The brothers, De Witt, were sons of the burgomaster of this place; and the celebrated Vossius was once superintendent of the college here. Population about 20,000. Dort lies eleven miles south-east of Rotterdam, and thirty-seven west of Amsterdam. DORT, SYNOD OF, a national synod, summoned by authority of the states-general, the provinces of Holland, Utrecht, and Overyssel excepted, and held at Dort in 1618. The most eminent divines of the United Provinces, and deputies from the churches of England, Scotland, Switzerland, Bremen, Hessia, and the Palatinate, assembled on this occasion, in. order to decide the controversy between the Gomarists or Calvinists, and Arminians; the latter were declared corrupters of the true religion. But the authority of this synod was far from being universally acknowledged either in Holland or in England. The provinces of Friesland, Zealand, Utrecht, Guelderland, and Groningen, could not be persuaded to adopt their decisions; and they were opposed by king James I. and archbishop Laud, in England. The reformed churches in France, though at first disposed to give a favorable reception to the decisions of this famous synod, in process of time espoused doctrines very different from those of the Gomarists; and the churches of Brandenburgh and Bremen would not suffer their doctors to be tied down to the opinions and tenets of the Dutch divines. The liberty of private judgment, with respect to the doctrines of predestination and grace, which the spirit that prevailed among the divines of Dort seemed so much adapted to discourage and suppress, acquired new vigor in consequence of the arbitrary proceedings of this assembly. DORTMUND, a rich, populous, and once imperial city of Germany, in the circle of Westphalia, and territory of Nassau-Dillenborg, to which it was ceded in 1802; but it was ceded to Prussia in 1815. It is pretty large, but not well built. Formerly it was one of the Hanse Towns. Its territory was also formerly a county, and had lords of its own; but since 1504 it has been possessed entirely by the city. Here are four Lutheran churches, one Catholic, a Dominican and a Franciscan monastery, a nunnery, three hospitals, and a provincial academy. Population 4000. It is seated on the Emster, forty miles north-east of Cologne. DORYPHORI; from dopv, a spear, and pepw, to bear; an appellation given to the life-guard men of the Roman emperors. They were held in such estimation as frequently to have the command of armies conferred on them. It was usual also for chief commanders to have their. DOSE, v. n. Fr. dose; Ital. Teut. Span. No sooner does he peep into The world, but he has done his doe; Is cuckolded, and breaks, or thrives. Hudibras. Dryden's Virgil. In a vehement pain of the head he prescribed the juice of the thapsia in warm water, without mending Arbuthnot. the dose. We pity or laugh at those fatuous extravagants, while yet ourselves have a considerable dose of what makes them so. Granville. DOSITHEUS, the chief of a faction among the Samaritans, mentioned by Origen, Epiphanius, Jerome, and other Greek and Latin fathers. But the learned are not at all agreed as to the time wherein he lived. St. Jerome, in his Dialogue against the Luciferians, places him before our Saviour; in which he is followed by Drusius, who, in his answer to Serrarius, places him about the time of Sennacherib, king of Assyria. But Scaliger will have him posterior to our Saviour's time. And Origen intimates him to have been contemporary with the apostles; where he observes, that he endeavoured to persuade the Samaritans that he was the Messiah foretold by Moses. He had many followers; and his sect was still subsisting at Alexandria at the time of the patriarch Eulogius, as appears from a decree of that patriarch published by Phocius. In that decree, Eulogius accuses Dositheus of injuriously treating the ancient patriarchs and prophets, and attributing to himself the spirit of prophecy. He makes him contemporary with Simon Magus, and accuses him of corrupting the Pentateuch in divers places, and of composing several books directly contrary to the law of God. Archbishop Usher takes Dositheus to have been the author of all the changes made in the Samaritan Pentateuch, which he argues from the authority of Eulogius. But all we can justly gather from the testimony of Eulogius is, that Dositheus corrupted the Samaritan copies since used by that sect; but that corruption did not pass into all the copies of the Samaritan Pentateuch now in use among us, many of which vary but little from the Jewish Pentateuch. And in this sense, we are to understand that passage in a Samaritan chronicle, where it is said, that Dousis, i. e. Dositheus, altered several things in the law of Moses. The author of that chronicle, who was a Samaritan by religion, adds, that their high priest sent seEpiphanius veral Samaritans to seize Dousis and his corrupted copy of the Pentateuch. takes Dositheus to have been a Jew by birth, and to have abandoned the Jewish party for that of the Samaritans. He imagines him likewise to have been the author of the sect of the Sadducees; which is inconsistent with his being later than our Saviour; and yet the Jesuit Serrarius makes Dositheus the master of Sadoc, from whom the Sadducees are derived. Tertullian observes, that Dositheus was the first who dared to reject the authority of the prophets, by denying their, inspiration. But he charges that as a crime peculiar to this sectary, which in reality is common to the whole sect, who never allowed any but the five books of Moses to be divine. DO'SSIL, n. s. Corrupted from dorsel, something laid upon the part. A pledget; a nodule or lump of lint to be laid on a sore. Her complaints put me upon dressing with such medicaments as basilicon, with præcipitate, upon a dossil. Wiseman. DOT, v. a., v. n. & n. s. Derived by Skinner from Ger. dotter, the white of an egg; and interpreted by him a grume of pus. It has now no such signification, and seems rather corrupted from jot a point. A small point or spot made to mark any place in a writing. To mark with specks; to make dots or spots. DOTAL, adj. Lat. dotalis. Relating to the portion of a woman; constituting her portion; comprised in her portion. Shall I, of one poor dotal town possest, My people thin, my wretched country waste, An exiled prince, and on a shaking throne, Or risk my patron's subjects, or my own? DOTE, v. n. DO'TAGE, n. s. DO'TARD, n. s. DO'TED, adj. DO'TER, n. s. Garth's Ovid. Goth. dotla; Fr. dotter, or radoter; Belgic, doten; to be dozing. To have the mind impaired by age or otherwise; to have extreme or foolish fondness; often used with on or upon. Doted is stupid dotage is a state of imbecility or decayedness of mind; excessive fondness. Dotard and doter, he who is thus imbecile. DO'TINGLY, adv. Dotard, said he, let be thy deep advise, Seems that through many years thy wits thee fail, And that weak old hath left thee nothing wise, Else never should thy judgment be so frail. Faerie Queene. Unless the fear of death make me dote, I see my son. Shakspeare. Comedy of Errours. t mourns that painting and usurping air The soul in all hath one intelligence, Then doth the soul want work, and idle set; And this we childishness and dotage call. Davies. No, no; I know the world too well to dote upon it. Bp. Hall. Letter from the Tower. What should a bald fellow do with a comb, a dumb doter with a pipe, or a blind man with a looking-glass? Burton. Our doters upon red and white are incessantly perplexed by the incertainty both of the continuance of their mistress's kindness, and of the lasting of her beauty. Boyle. All the beauties of the court besides Denham Time has made you dote, and vainly tell, Of arms imagined in your lonely cell: Go, be the temple and the gods your care; Permit to men the thought of peace and war. Dryden's Eneid. That he, to wedlock dotingly betrayed, Should hope in this lewd town to find a maid! Id. Juvenal. We dote upon this present world, and the enjoyments of it; and 'tis not without pain and fear, and reluc tancy, that we are torn from them, as if our hopes lay all within the compass of this life. Burnet. DOʻTTARD, n. s. Yet better had he neither known A bigot's shrine, nor despot's throne. Byron. This word seems to signify a tree kept low by cutting; or is perhaps a false spelling of dotard, and means any thing decayed. For great trees, we see almost all overgrown trees in church-yards, or near ancient buildings, and the like, are pollards and dottards, and not trees at their full height. Bacon. DOTTEREL, n. s. From dote. The name of a bird that mimics gestures. We see how ready apes and monkeys are to imitate all motions of man; and in catching of dotterels, we see how the foolish bird playeth the ape in gesBacon. tures. DOUAY, a city of France, in the department of the North (of which it was for some time the capital), and ci-devant French Flanders. It has a fine arsenal, a foundry for cannon, and a military and artillery school. The fort of Scarpe, on the river of that name, within cannon-shot, serves for a citadel. It has three famous colleges, incorporated of late into one; and the great squares in the centre of the city, and the principal church, are worthy of notice. It was erected into a university by Philip II. of Spain, who founded in it a seminary for English Roman Catholics in 1569. In 1667 it was taken from the Spaniards by Louis XIV. in person. The allies, under the duke of Marlborough, took it in 1710; but it was retaken by the French in 1711, after the suspension of arms between Great Britain and France. During the late wars it was the scene of several operations. It has a canal communication with the Deule, and contains 18,000 inhabitants, many of whom are employed in the manufactures of linen, cotton, lace, and thread. It is fifteen miles north-west of Cambray, and eighty-three N. N. E. of Paris. DOUBLE, v. a. & v. n. DOUBLE-BITING, adj. DOUBLE-DEALER, n. s. DOUBLE-DIE, ”. ɑ. DOUBLE-FOUNTED, adj. DOUBLE-HANDED, DOUBLE-HEADED, DOUBLE-LOCKED, DOUBLE-MINDED, DOUBLE-MINDEDNESS, n. s. DOUBLE-PLEA, Fr. double; Sp. doble; Dut. dobbel; Germ. doppel; from Lat. duplex; duo and plico, to fold. To repeat; add the same quantity to a given quantity; to contain twice the quantity; to add; to fold; to go round a cape or headland: as a neuter verb, to swell or increase to twice the quantity: to turn back or about: as a substantive, twice the number; very strong beer; a trick or artifice. Doubleness is the state of being double; duplicity. The compounds seem obvious in their meaning. The prestis that ben wel gouernour is be thei had worthi to double onour, moost thei that traueilen in word and teching. Wiclif. i. Tymo. 5. If the thief be found, let him pay double. Exodus. Thou shalt double the curtain in the tabernacle. Id. A double-minded man is unstable in all his ways. James. The deacons must be grave, not double-tongued, not given to much wine, nor greedy of filthy lucre. 1 Tim. He was like a maister or a pope : He oft finds med'cine who his griefe imparts, As raging flames who striveth to suppress. Spenser. Faerie Queene. If you think well to carry this as you may, the doubleness of the benefit defends the deceit from reproof. Shakspeare. Who knows which way she points? Doubling and turning like a hunted hare, Find out the meaning of her mind who can. Id. Throw Egypt's by, and offer in the stead, Offer the crown on Berenice's head: I am resolved to double till I win. Id. Tyrannic Love. Reverend, fat, old gouty friar, With a paunch swoln so high, his double chin Might rest upou it. Id. Spanish Friar. But most their looks on the black monarch bend, His rising muscles and his brawn commend; His double-biting ax, and beamy spear, Each asking a gigantic force to rear. For much she feared the Tyrians double-tongued, And knew the town to Juno's care belonged. Id. Fables. Id. Virgil. This power of repeating or doubling any idea we have of any distance, and adding it to the former, as often as we will, without being ever able to come to any stop or stint, is that which gives us the idea of Locke. immensity. All things being double-handed, and having the appearances both of truth and falsehood, where our affections have engaged us, we attend only to the Glanville's Scepsis. former. In all the four great years of mortality above mentioned, I do not find that any week the plague increased to the double of the precedent week above Graunt's Mortality. five times. He was Among the rest that there did take delight To see the sports of double-shining day. Sidney. 'Tis observed in particular nations, that within the space of three hundred years, notwithstanding all casualties, the number of men doubles. Burnet's Theory. Haply at night he does with horror shun Prior. Id. He bought her sermons, psalms, and graces, And doubled down the useful places. He immediately double-locked his door, and sat down carefully to reading and comparing both his orders. Tatler. These men are too well acquainted with the chase, to be flung off by any false steps or doubles. Addison. Our poets have joined together such qualities as are by nature most compatible; valour with anger, meekness with piety, and prudence with dissimulation this last union was necessary for the goodness of Ulysses; for, without that, his dissimulation might have degenerated into wickedness and double-dealing. Broome's View of Epic Poetry. I am not so old in proportion to them as I formerly was, which I can prove by arithmetick; for then I was double their age, which now I am not. Swift. Double-quarrel, is a complaint made by any clerk or other to the archbishop of the province, against an inferiour ordinary, for delaying justice in some cause ecclesiastical. The effect is, that the archbishop directs his letters, under the authentical seal, to all clerks of his province, commanding them to admonish the said ordinary within nine days to do the justice required, or otherwise to cite him to appear before him or his official; and lastly to intimate to the said ordinary, that if he neither performs the thing enjoined, nor appears at the day assigned, he himself will proceed to perform the justice required. And this seems to be termed a double-quarrel, because it is most commonly made against both the judge, and him at whose petition justice is delayed. Id. Man is frail, Convulsions rack his nerves, and cares his breast; His flying life is chased by ravening pains, Through all his doubles, in the winding veins, Lilies are by plain direction Emblems of a double kind; Far and wide Temple and tower went down, nor left a site :- DOUBLE EMPLOYMENT, in music, a name given by M. Rameau to the two different manners in which the chord of the subdominant may be regarded and treated, viz. as the fundamental chord of the sixth superadded, or as the chord of the great sixth, inverted from a fundamental chord of the seventh. In reality, the chords carry exactly the same notes, are figured in the same manner, are employed upon the same chord of the tone, in such a manner, that frequently we cannot discern which of the two chords the author employs, but by the assistance of the subsequent chord, which resolves it, and which is different in these different cases. To make this distinction, we must consider the diatonic progress of the two notes which form the fifth and the sixth, and which, constituting between them the interval of a second, must one or the other constitute the dissonance of the chord. Now this progress is determined by the motion of the bass. Of these two notes, then, if the superior be the dissonance, it will rise by one gradation into the subsequent chord, the lower note will keep its place, and the higher note will be a superadded sixth. If the lower be the dissonance, it will descend into the subsequent chord, the higher will remain in its place, and the chord will the double employment in Rousseau's Musical See the two cases of be that of the great sixth. Dictionary, plate Ď. fig. 12. DOUBLE FICHE, or DOUBLE FICHY, in heraldry, the denomination of a cross, when the extremity has two points; in contradistinction to fiché, where the extremity is sharpened away to one point. DOUBLE OCTAVE, in music, an interval composed of fifteen notes in diatonic progression, and which, for that reason is called a fifteenth. 'It is,' says Rousseau, an interval composed of two octaves, called by the Greeks disdiapason.' DOUB'LET, n. s. from double. The inner from being double for warmth, or because it the waistcoat; so called garment of a man; makes the dress double. What a pretty thing a man is, when he goes in his doublet and hose, and leaves off his wit! Shakspeare. His doublet was of sturdy buff, And though not sword, yet cudgel-proof. Blackmore. Two; a pair. Hudibras. Those doublets on the sides of his tail seem to add strength to the muscles which move the tail fins. Grew's Museum. It is common enough to see a country man in the doublet and breeches of his great grand-father. Addison on Italy They do but mimic ancient wits at best, As apes our grandsires, in their doublets drest. Pope. DOUBLET, among lapidaries, implies a counterfeit stone composed of two pieces of crystal, and sometimes glass softened, together with proper colors between them; so that they make the same appearance to the eye as if the whole substance of the crystal had been tinged with these colors. The impracticability of imparting tinges to the body of crystals, while in their proper and natural state, and the softness of glass, which renders ornaments made of it greatly inferior in wear to crystal, gave induce ments to the introduction of coloring the surface of crystal wrought in a proper form, in such a manner, that the surfaces of two pieces so colored being laid together, the effect might appear the same as if the whole substance of the crystal had been colored. The crystals, and sometimes white transparent glass so treated, were called doublets; and at one time were greatly in use, on account of the advantages, with respect to wear, such doublets had, when made of crystal, over glass, and the brightness of the colors which could with certainty be given to counterfeit stones this way, when colored glass could not be procured, or at least not without a much greater expense. Doublets have not indeed the property which the others have, of bearing to be set transparent, as is frequently required in drops of ear-rings and other ornaments: but when mounted in rings, or used in such manner that the sides of the pieces where the joint is made cannot be inspected, they are, when formed of crystal, preferable to the colored glass; and the art of managing them is therefore, in some degree, of the same importance with that of preparing glass for counterfeiting gems; and is therefore properly an appendage to it, as being entirely subservient to the same intention. DOUBLETS, a game on dice within tables; the men, which are only fifteen, being placed thus. Upon the size, cinque, and quatre points, there stand three men apiece; and upon the trey, deuce, and ace, only two. He that throws highest has the benefit of throwing first, and what he throws he lays down, and so does the other: what the one throws, and has not, the other lays down for him, but on his own account; and thus they do till all the men are down, and then they bear. He that is down first, bears first; and will doubtless win the game, if the other throws not doublets to overtake them: which he is sure to do, since he advances or bears as many as the doublets make, viz eight for two fours. DOUBLING, among hunters, is applied to a hare, which is said to double, when she keeps in plain fields, and winds about to deceive the hounds. DOUBLING, in the manege, a term used of a horse, who is said to double his reins, when he leaps several times together to throw his rider. DOUBLING, in the military art, is the putting two ranks or files of soldiers into one. Thus, when the word of command is, Double your ranks, the second, fourth, and sixth ranks march into the first, third, and fifth, so that the six ranks are reduced to three, and the intervals between the ranks become double what they were before. DOUBLING UPON, in naval tactics, the act of enclosing any part of a hostile fleet between two fires, or of cannonading it on both sides. It is usually performed by the van or rear of that fleet which is superior in number, taking the advantage of the wind, or other circumstances, and tacking or veering round the van or rear of the enemy, who will thereby be exposed to great danger, and can scarcely avoid being thrown into general confusion. DOUBLOON', n. s. Fr. A Spanish coin containing the value of two pistoles. DOUBS, a department of France, bounded on the north by those of the Upper Saone and Upper Rhine; on the south-west by the department of Jura, and on the north-west by that of Upper Saone. It comprehends part of the cidevant province of Franche Comté. Besançon is the capital. DOUBT, v. a., v. n. & n. s. Fr. douter; from Lat. dubito, i. e. duo and eo, ito, to go. To hold questionable or in danger; to fear; suspect; distrust; fill with distrust and fear. As a neuter verb, to question: be in uncertainty; hesitate; waver; suspect; sometimes taking of. As a substantive it means, uncertainty; difficulty of determination; suspension of mind, as well as the causes of it; and the effects, danger and fear. Doubtless is, without doubt. The examples will make the other derivatives plain. But axe he in faith, and doute nothing, for he tha doutith is lyk to a waive of the see which is moued and borun aboute of wynd. Wiclif. James i. I desire to be present with you now, and to change my voice; for I stand in doubt of you. Gal. iv. 20. Knowing how doubtfully all allegories may be construed, and this book of mine being a continual allegory, I have thought good to discover the general intention. Spenser. Even in matters divine, concerning some things, we may lawfully doubt and suspend our judgment, inclining neither to one side or other; as, namely, touching the time of the fall both of man and angels. Hooker. Christ promiseth his Spirit shall be in him to whom he giveth it a spring of water running unto eternal life; also that he witnesseth them which believe in him already to be passed all doubt and death, and to be presently in eternal life. MS. Notes of Bradford the Martyr The virtues of the valiant Caratach, Beaumont and Fletcher. |