unexpected as extraordinary, were developed, pieces which, for many centuries, had not been exposed to human eyes. Among other things, a beautiful monolithic temple of very considerable ditensions was discovered between the legs of the sphynx, having within it a sculptured lion and a small sphynx. In one of the paws of the great sphynx was another temple, with a sculptured lion standing on an altar. In front of the great sphynx were the remains of buildings, apparently temples, and several granite slabs with inscriptions cut into them, some entire and others brcken. One of these is by Claudius Cæsar, recording his visits to the pyramids, and another by Antoninus Pius; both of which, with the little lions, are now in the British Museum. Several paint-pots were also found fronting the sphynx, with paint of different colors in them. At Thebes, M. Belzoni made many new and curious discoveries, and found many valuable relics which had escaped the ravages of the invading Persians and the modern Arabs: he has also uncovered six tombs of the kings of Egypt, which for centuries had not been entered, or, in deed, known. That of Apis he represents as uncommonly magnificent and interesting. 'It is certainly,' he says, 'the most curious and astonishing thing in Egypt, and impresses one with EHRENBREITSTEIN, a once celebrated fortress of Germany, in the Lower Electorate, considered as the key of the Rhine and the Moselle, is situated near Coblentz, on the opposite side of the Rhine. It included three fortresses, the chief of which was thus named, and the other two Thal and Vallendar. The value and strength of Ehrenbreitstein have been often mentioned by travellers, but were never so fully proved, as by the resistance it made to the French, during a siege and blockade of two years, in 1795 and 1796. In 1797 it was restored to Prussia; but the works were previously blown up. Though it is closely connected with the country behind the dreary district of Weteravia, it has the appearance towards the Rhine of being nearly insular, and perfectly pyramidal. The abruptness of its elevation above Coblentz, is so little diminished by the breadth of the river, that the rock may almost be said to threaten the city like a precipice; the streets being as open to inspectiou from the fortress, as those of a model on a table. The only entrance into the castle from the Rhine, is by a road cut in the solid rock, under four gateways. So long ago as the fifteenth century, three years were spent in digging a well through the solid rock, to the depth of 280 feet, as is mentioned in an inscription within the castle. The possession of this castle was confirmed to the elector of Treves, in 1660, by the treaty of Westphalia; but as it was considered one of the keys of Germany, towards France, the governor always took the oaths to the emperor and the empire, as well as the elector. The French plenipotentiaries at Rastadt demanded the cession of the fortress to the republic, which was obstinately refused by the deputies of the empire. At last it was mutually agreed that its fortifica the highest idea of the workmanship of the ancient inhabitants. The interior, from one extremity to the other, is 190 feet, containing a great number of apartments and galleries. The walls are every where covered with hieroglyphics and bas-reliefs, in fresco colors, which are brighter than any color we have, and as fresh as if they had been only just laid on. But the finest antique in this place is in the principal chamber. It is a sarcophagus, formed of a single piece of alabaster, nine feet seven inches long, three feet nine inches wide, the interior and the exterior being equally covered with hieroglyphics and figures, hollowed with a chisel. This sarcophagus sounds like a silver bell, and is as transparent as ice; no doubt, when I shall have it transported to England, as I hope to do successfully, it will be esteemed as one of the most precious treasures of which any European mu̟seum can boast.' The most important, however, of M. Belzoni's labors in Egypt was the opening of the second pyramid of Ghiza, known by the name of Cephrenes. But, for the particulars of this interesting operation and its results, see PYRAMIDS OF EGYPT; and, for some recent discoveries in regard to THEBES, the article of that title. tions should be demolished, but this was protested against by the Austrian deputy. From that period the French troops laid siege to it, notwithstanding the armistice concluded in 1797, and closely blockaded it till the 24th of January 1799, when it surrendered. At the bottom lies the small town of Thal-Ehrenbreitstein, which contains 3500 inhabitants; and carries on a brisk trade with Coblentz, by a bridge of boats across the Rhine. EHRET (George Dionysius), F. R. S. an eminent botanical painter, son of a gardener of the prince of Baden Durlach, was born in 1710. Visiting Paris, he was employed in the garden of plants under the celebrated Jussieu, and then came to England. He went in 1736 to Holland, and made drawings for Cliffort of Amsterdam. Under the direction of Linnæus, who gave him lessons in botany, he formed the figures of plants for the Hortus Cliffortianus, published in 1737, and returning to England, in 1740, finally settled here. He was patronised by the duchess of Portland, Drs. Sloane, Mead, and Fothergill, Ralph Willet, Esq., and other persons of taste. He died in 1770. EHRETIA, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, and pentandria class of plants; natural order forty-first, asperifoliæ: FRUIT is a bilocular berry: SEEDS solitary and bilocular; the stigma emarginated. EHRHARTĂ, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, and hexandria class of plants: CAL. is a two-valved, abbreviated, and one-flowered glume: COR. a double glume, each twovalved; the exterior one compressed, and scymeter shaped, transversely wrinkled, and gashed at the base. There are six stamina, three on each side the pistil in a parallel line. The stigma is simple, compressed, four-tufted, and torn at the top. Species nine, natives of the West Indies, and South America. EJACULATE, v. a. Lat. ejaculor, from e EJACULATION, n. s. forth, and juculor to EJACULATORY, adj. Shurl or throw, as a dart. To dart out or shoot forth: applied metaphorically, to words or to acts of the mind. Ejaculation is used both for the act of darting or throwing out, and words (hence prayers) or things ejaculated: ejaculatory is throwing, or having the power of throwing out: hence, uttered shortly or suddenly, and sudden or hasty. with a few horses. The clergyman has several other small islands under his charge, and, in visiting Cannay, has to perform a voyage of twenty-four miles. There is also a resident Roman Catholic clergyman. Distant from the shore of Scotland eight miles. EJECT, v. a. I Fr. jetter, from Lat. ejicio, EJECTION, n. s. § ejectum; i. e. e out, and jacio to hurl. To throw out; expel: bence to cast away; discharge. To have ejected whatsoever the church doth take account of, be it never so harmlesss in itself, and of There seemeth to be acknowledged, in the act of never so ancient continuance, without any other crime envy, an ejaculation or irradiation of the eye. Bacon's Essays. The continuance of this posture might incline to ease and drowsiness; they used it rather upon some short ejaculatory prayers, than in their larger devotions. Duppa's Devotion. We are not to value ourselves upon the merit of ejaculatory repentances, that take us by fits and starts. L'Estrange. Being rooted so little way in the skin, nothing near so deeply as the quills of fowls, they are the more easily ejaculated. Grew's Museum. The mighty magnet from the centre darts This strong, though subtile force, through all the EICHSFELD, a province of Prussia (in part ceded to that power by Hanover, in 1818), and part of the present principality of Calenberg. It is divided into the Upper and Lower Eichs field, and contains 90,000 inhabitants. The other and larger part, not belonging to Hanover, was a part of the electorate of Mentz. EICHSTADT, a town and bishop's see of Bavaria, in the circle of the Upper Danube, situated in a valley on the Alt. The king of Bavaria conferred the title of prince of Eichstadt on Eugene Beauharnois, his son-in-law, formerly viceroy of Italy. A convent in this town is much visited by zealous Catholics as containing a supposed relic of St. Wilibald. Population 6000. Thirty-two miles N. N. E. of Augsburg. EICK (John Van), a celebrated Flemish painter, commonly called John of Bruges, from his birth place, flourished in the fifteenth century, and was the first who discovered the method of painting in oil. Being a chemist, he found in the course of his experiments, that, by grinding colors with linseed or nut oil, he could form them into a solid body which would resist water, and not need the varnish used in painting in water colors or in fresco. He presented the first picture painted in this manner to Alphonsus I. king of Naples, who was much pleased with it. EIDER DUCK. See ANAS. EIGG, an island of the Hebrides, six miles in length and from one to three in breadth, containing a superficial area of about eleven square miles. Kelp and wool are yielded here, together to charge it with, than only that it hath been the hap thereof to be used by the church of Rome, and not to be commanded in the word of God, could not have been defended. Hooker. We are peremptory to dispatch Shakspeare. Coriolanus. Sandys. It was the force of conquest; force with force Is well ejected, when the conquered can. Milton. The French king was again ejected when our king submitted to the church. Dryden. Tears may spoil the eyes, but not wash away the affliction; sighs may exhaust the man, but not eject the burthen. South, The heart, as said, from its contracted cave, On the left side ejects the bounding wave. Blackmore. Will any man say, that if the words whoring and drinking were by parliament ejected out of the English tongue, we should all awake next morning chaste and temperate. Swift. These stories are founded on the ejection of the Broome. fallen angels from heaven. EJECTION, in Scotish law, is the turning out the possessor of any heritable subject by force; and is either legal or illegal. 1. EJECTION, ILLEGAL, is one person's violently turning another out of possession, without lawful authority. 2. EJECTION, LEGAL, is where a person having no title to possess, is turned out by the authority of law. EJECTMENT, in English law, a writ or action which lies for the lessee for years, on his being ejected or put out of his land before the expiration of his term, either by the lessor or a stranger. It may also be brought by the lessor against the lessee, for rent in arrears, or holding over his term, &c. Ejectment of late is become an action in the place of many real actions, as writs of right, formedons, &c., which are very difficult, as well as tedious and expensive; and this is now the common action for trial of titles and recovering of lands, &c., illegally held from the right owner: yet where entry is taken away by descents, fines, recoveries, disseisins, &c. an ejectment shall not be brought; whereby we find that all titles cannot be tried by this action. The method of proceeding in the action of ejectment is to draw up a declaration, and feign therein a lease for three, five, or seven years, to him that would try the title; and also feign a casual ejector or defendant; and then deliver the declaration to the ejector, who serves a copy of it on the tenant in possession, and gives notice at the bottom for him to appear and defend his title; or that he, the feigned defendant, will suffer judgment by default, whereby the true tenant will be turned out of possession; to this declaration the tenant is to appear at the beginning of next term by his attorney, and consent to a rule to be made defendant, instead of the casual ejector, and take upon him the defence, in which he must confess lease, judgment, entry, and ouster, and at the trial stand upon the title only: but in case the tenant in possession does not appear, and enter into the said rule in time, after the declaration served, then, on affidavit being made of the service of the declaration, with the notice to appear as aforesaid, the court will order judgment to be entered against the casual ejector by default; and thereupon the tenant in possession, by writ habere facias possessionem, is turned out. On the trial in ejectment, the plaintiff's title is to be set forth from the person last seised in fee, under whom the lessor claims down to the plaintiff, proving the deeds, &c., and the plaintiff shall recover only according to the right which he has at the time of bringing his action. And here, another who has title to the land, may be defendant in the action with the tenant in possession; for the possession of the lands is primarily in question, and to be recovered, which concerns the tenant, and the title thereto is tried collaterally, which may concern some other. Ejectment ought to be brought for a thing that is certain; and if it be of a manor, the manor of A, with the appurtenances; if of a And so many rectory, the rectory of B, &c. messuages, cottages, acres of arable land, meadow, &c., with the appurtenances in the parish of, &c. For land must be distinguished, how much of one sort, and how much of another, &c., Cro. Eliz. 339. 3 Leon. 13. Ejectment lies of a church, as of an house called the parish church of, &c. And a church is a messuage, by which name it may be recovered: and the declaration is to be served on the parson who performs divine service. 11 Rep. 25. 1 Salk. 256. A rector may recover in ejectment against his lessee, on the ground of the lease of the rectory being avoided on account of his own non-residence, by force of the 13 Eliz. c. 20, and the lease to the defendant, describing him as doctor in divinity, produced by him at the trial in support of his title, is primâ facie evidence of his being such as he is therein described to be, so as to avoid the lease under stat. 21 Hen. 8. c. 13. § 3. It lies de uno messuagio sive burgagio; but not de uno messuagio sive tenemento, unless it have a vocat A. &c. to make it good, because of the 1 Sid. 295. uncertainty of the word tenement. But for a messuage and tenement hath been allowed. 1 Term Rep. 11. So indeed for a 3 Wils. 23. 3 Mod. messuage or tenement. 328. 1 Sid. 295. but see contra, 1 East's Rep. 441, 2. It will lie for a moiety, or third part of a manor or messuage, &c. And for a chamber or room of a house well set forth. 11 Rep. 55. 59. 3 Leon. 210. It lieth de domo, which hath convenient certainty for the sheriff to deliver possession, &c. Cro. Jac. 654. It lies of a cottage or curtilage; of a coal-mine, &c. but not of a common, piscary, &c. Cro. Jac. 150. For 1 Wils. 14. Sax. eahta, æhta; Belg. agt; Scottish and Teut. acht; Goth. ahta, attha, and ath; Dan. atte; Fr. huit; Lat. octo; Gr. OKTO. A word of number; twice four. Eighth is the ordinal of eight eightfold is eight times the number or quantity; eighthly is in the eighth place; eighteen, eight and ten; eightscore, eight twenties; eighty, eight ten times told. EIGHT FOLD, And as the eyghtene on which the tower in Siloa fel doun and slough hem, gessen ye for thei weren dettouris more than alle men that dwellen in Jerusa. Id. Othello. Eighty odd years of sorrow have I seen, In the eighth month should be the reign of Saturn. Browne's Vulgar Errours. The eighth she voluntarily moves to part, Or urged by Jove, or her own changeful heart. Pope. I thus passed about eighteen months in London, working almost without intermission at my trade, avoiding all expense. Franklin. Oft, where his feathered foe had reared her nest, The eighteen-inch militia burst their way;, EIGNE, adj. Fr. aisne. In law, denotes the eldest or first born. Here it signifies unalienable, as being entailed. It happeneth not seldom, that, to avoid the yearly vath, for averment of the continuance of some estate for life, which is eigne, and not subject to forfeiture for the alienation that cometh after it, the party will offer to sue for a pardon uncompelled before the time; in all which, some mitigation of the uttermost value may weli and worthily be offered. Bacon. EIMBECK, an old town of Hanover, on the Ilme, with 5000 inhabitants. It belonged to the Hanseatic confederacy, and has some manufactures, but is not thriving. Great part of its fortifications were demolished by the French in 1761. Forty-eight miles S. S.W. of Brunswick. EIMEO, or MOVEA, one of the Society Islands in the South Pacific, about ten miles in length by five in breadth. The harbour of Taloo on the north coast is the best; and here the water is so clear, that the branching of beautiful coral is visible at great depths. The island is hilly and rocky, with valleys interposed. Twelve miles west of Otaheite. EINURA, or YENNOOR, a town in the district of South Canara, Hindostan, containing eight temples belonging to the Jain, and one to the Siva Brahmins. The former have an annual allowance of fourteen and the latter ten pagodas. There is an immense colossal image here of one of the gods of the Jains, which stands in the open air. It is formed of one solid piece of granite. The hills and neighbourhood about this place are considered unproductive. nach. The streets are neat and well built. Population 5000. On a high mountain in the immediate neighbourhood stands the castle of Wartburg, remarkable as the prison of Luther in 1521 when the elector of Saxony judged his temporary confinement expedient. Eisenach has a few coarse woollen manufactures. It experienced, on the 1st of September, 1810, a severe calamity, three powder waggons having exploded in the streets, and destroyed many houses. Twenty-six miles W.S.W. of Erfurt, and forty east of Weimar. Long. 10° 20′ 15′′ E., lat. 50° 58′ 55′′ N. EISENARTZ, a town of Upper Styria, containing 1350 inhabitants. It is 2190 feet above the level of the sea, at the foot of a hill which contains one of the richest iron mines known. This was discovered in 712, and still produces 50,000 tons of ore yearly, giving employment to 2500 miners and smelters. Ten miles north of Leoben. EISENBERG, a town of Germany, in the principality of Altenburg. It has a castle and a few manufactures; being situated on an eminence near the Saale. Twenty miles west of Altenburg, and thirty south-west of Leipsic. Population 3300. Its rivers are the EISENBURG, a county of Lower Hungary, on the borders of Austria and Styria, adjoining the counties of Oldenburg, Sala, and Wesprim. It is exceedingly fertile and populous, containing near 300,000 inhabitants. Roab, Rabnitz, Guns, Sala, and Mur. part of it is covered with wood; other parts are appropriated to pasture and the culture of the vine. The population is a mixture of Hungarians, Germans, Croatians, and Jews. Great EISLEBEN, the capital of the county of Mansfeld, Prussia, is chiefly remarkable as the birth place of Luther. The house in which the reformer was born and died being burnt down in 1594, it was rebuilt at the expense of the town, and is now used as a public school. Here are four churches, all Lutheran, and about 5400 inhabitants. It is divided into the Old and New Town, and the suburbs; large vacancies having been made between the buildings, in consequence of the frequent fires that have ravaged this place. EI'SEL, n. s.. Sax. eoril. Vinegar; ver- The adjacent mines of Mansfield afford employjuice; any acid. An old word. Cast in thy mind How thou resemblest Christ, as with sowre poison Sir T. More. EISENACH, a principality of Germany in Thuringia, and circle of Upper Saxony, situated on the confines of Hesse. It is mountainous, and scarcely produces corn enough for the inhabitants. Some indifferent wine is made: but it has mines of copper, iron, vitriol, and alum, with some salt springs. It gave a vote to the duke of Saxe Weimar, in the diets and assemblies of the circle. Population 62,000. Its rivers are the Warra, Slade, Unstrut, and Fulda. EISENACH, the capital of the above province, is situated on a rising ground near the junction of the Hesse and Horsa. It has a castle in the market-place as old as the eleventh century, and formerly the residence of the princes of Eise ment to many of the inhabitants, two miles southeast of Mansfeld, and twelve west of Halle. EITHER, pron. & conj. Sax. egther; Scot. aithau; Goth. aithwar, or aithau, i. e. eitt twar, or thera, one of them. One of two, used improperly for each; any of an indeterminate number. Used distributively as a conjunction corresponding with or. And Jhesus sayed to hem, Y axe you if it is leveful to do wel in the sabate or yuel; for to make saaf, ethir to lecse. Wiclif. Luk. vi. We doubt whether the Lord in different circumstances, did frame his people unto any utter dissimilitude, either with Egyptians or any other nation. Hooker. Lepidus flatters both, Shakspeare. Antony and Cleopatra. Henry VIII. Francis I. and Charles V. were so provident, that scarce a palm of ground could be gotten by either of the three, but that the other two would duces 12,530 pieces daily. The workhouses are set the balance of Europe upright again. Bacon. I do not ask whether bodies do so exist, that the motion of one body cannot really be without the motion of another: to determine this either way, is to beg the question for or against a vacuum. Locke. So like in arms these champions were, Drayton's Nymp. If either place, or time, or other course, Philips. EKATERINADARA, a town in the government of Caucasus, Kuban Tartary, the capital of the Tchernornorskie, or Cossacks of the Black Sea. The late empress Catherine, after whom it is called, removed a great body of Cossacks from the banks of the Dnieper to the eastern shores of the sea of Azoph, for the purpose of repelling the incursions of the Tartars, and granted them, in 1791, a territory of about 1000 square miles, including the isle of Taman. In the succeeding year they founded their capital, which resembles an extensive village in a forest. Each cottage has an area in front, with an avenue of the finest oaks. The inhabitants choose their own chief, and preserve the European manners. of brick, covered with thin iron plates. This is the seat of the supreme college for the administration of the mines and foundries of Siberia, Casan, Perm, and Orenburg, and takes cognisance of 114 foundries. There is besides a chamber for superintending the gold mines. Provisions are cheap and plentiful. Houses 2000. EKATERINOGRAD, a town and fortress of Asiatic Russia, in the government of Caucasus, situated on the Malka, or Balk, a little above its junction with the Terek. It was founded in the year 1776, and remained the capital of the province of Caucasus, before being constituted a government in 1785. It is the strongest place on the Caucasian line of posts. Twenty-four miles north-west of Mozdok. EKATERINOSLAV, or CATHERINOSLAF, a town and government of European Russia, constituted by the empress Catherine in 1784. When Paul I. incorporated it with the Crimea he gave the whole the name of New Russia, and changed the name of this town to NowoRossizsk. The present emperor, however, restored the division of Catharine, distributing New Russia into the three governments of Cherson, Taurida, and Ekaterinoslav. The last, though reduced in some measure from its original size, is still considerable, extending from 33° 40′ to 39° 20′ E. long., and from 47° to 49° N. lat., between the governments of Poltawa, Charkov, Voronetz, the Donski Cossacks, Taurida, and Cherson, and containing about 35,000 square miles, the surface consisting for the most part of dry steppes, little susceptible of culture, except on the banks of the Dnieper, Don, Donetz, Samara, and the other rivers. The climate is mild. The chief productions are hemp, corn, millet melons, and fruits. Here are all the common domestic animals, and an unusual quantity of bees. It is divided into eight counties. The inhabitants are computed at 560,000; the majority deriving their subsistence from the breeding of cattle. The most intelligent and thriving part are of foreign descent, viz. Greeks, Germans, or Moldavians. EKE, v.a. & conj. Goth. aukan; Sax.eacan; Icel. auka, to increase. Spenser frequently writes this word eek. To protract; lengthen; increase; supply deficiency. Hence, as a conjunction, it signifies also, likewise; beside; but is obsolete. Yet holt thine anker, and thou maiest arive There bountie bereth the key of my substaunce, And eke thou haste thy beste frende alive. Chaucer. And eke full ofte a littell skare, Gower. I dempt there much to have eked my store, EKATERINEBURG, or CATHERINENBURG, a town of Asiatic Russia, in the province of Isett, on the left bank of the river of that name, and on the eastern side of the Uralian chain. It is surrounded by an earthen rampart, with a chevaux de frize. Here are five churches, and several well built stone houses. The neigh-But all the good is God's, both power and eke will. bouring mountains afford vast variety of minerals, and great works are carried on in Ekaterineburg, by the Russian government, as iron foundries, forges, &c., which manufacture cannon and anchors. An immense copper coinage also pro She would command themselves to beare away. Id. Faerie Queene. If any strength we have, it is to ill; Id. The little strength that I have, I would it were with you. Shakspeare. As You Like It. |