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be erected into a college; whereupon Mr. Whitefield applied to the crown for a charter, but, in confequence of foine difpute, the affair of a charter was given up, and Mr. Whitefield made his alignment of the orphan houfe, in, truft, to the late Countess of Huntingdon.*

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Soon after his death, a charter was granted to his inftitution in Georgia, and the Rev. Mr. Piercy was appointed prefident of the college, but, unfortunately, on the 30th of May. 1775, the orphan houfe caught fire, and was entirely confum:d, except the two wings, which are fill remaining.

During the late war Georgia was over-run by the British troops, and many of the inhabitants were obliged to flee into the neighbouring states for fafety. The fufferings and loffes of its citizens were, therefore, as great, ia proportion to their numbers and wealth, as any of the ftates. Since the peace the progrefs of the population of this fate has been rapid: its growth in improvement and population has, however, been checked by the hoftile irruptions of the Creek Indians, which have been frequent, and very diftrefling to the frontier inhabitants.

Having thus briefly sketched the hiftory of the fettlement of the tates comprehended in this divifion, we now proceed to a more particular description of them.

CHAP. XVII.

STATE OF MARYLAN D.

Situation, Extent, Boundaries, &c.

THIS Aate is fitusted between 37° 56′ and 39° 44′ North Lati

tude, and o° and 4° 30′ W. Long. from Philadelphia, its length is about 134 miles, and its breadth 110, bounded on the North by Pennfylvania: on the Eaft by Delaware state, and on the South-eaft and South by the Atlantic ocean; and a line drawn from the ocean over the peninfula (dividing it from Accomack county in Virginia) to the mouth of the Potomack river; thence up the Potomack to its fource; thence by a North line till it interfects the Southern boundary of Pennfylvania, in Lat. 39° 43′ 18"; fo that it has Virginia on the South-west and well; it con ains about 140.0 1quare miles, of which from one fixth to one fourth is water.

It is divided into nineteen counties, viz. Hartford, Baltimore. Ann Arundel, Frederick, Allegany, Washington, Montgomery, Prince George, Calvert, Charles, St. Marys, Cecil, Kent, Queen Ann, Carolina, Talbot, Somerfes, Dorchester, and Worcester, the whole containing near 400,000 inhabitants, of which number upwards of 100,000 are slaves,

ANNAPOLI

Chief Towns.

ANNAPOLIS (city) is the capital of this flate, fituated at the mouth of Severn river on a healthy fpot, thirty miles fouth of Baltimore,

Mr. Whitefield died at Newburyport, in New-England, September 30, 1770, in the Afty-fixth year of his age, and was buried under the Prefbyterian church in that place.

Vol. IV.

N. Lat. 29° 25'. The houfes, about 260 in number, are generally large and elegant, indicative of great wealth; the number of inhabitants does not exceed 2000. It is thirty miles S. of Baltimore, and one hundred and thirty-live S. W. of Philadelphia. Bal more is the largest and moft opulent city in Maryland, and has had the molt rapid growth of any on the continent." It is fituated in the county of Baltimore, and on the N. W. branch of the Patapfco river, extending from Harris's creek on the S. E. to Ridgel y's cove on the weflern or main branch. It lies in lat. 32° 21′ and is divided into the old and new town by Jone's Falls*, over which are fou. wooden bridges well conflructed and

Jone's Falls is a valuable ftream which takes its rife in a lime tone foil, about ten or twelve miles from the city, and palling through a fine but hilly country empties itself into the bafon or harbour.

bufels a year.

Oa Jones falls are ten mills, built within about two miles and an half of the city; the firft is owned and occupied by Mers. Smith and Jeffop and 'caa grindinty thousand bushels of wheat in a year; the fecond owned by Howard and Ogby and occupied by Ogleby and Winchefter, can grind twenty thousand The third is owned by Pennington and Togart and occupied by John Sturap: This is an elegant building about one hundred feet in length and between fifty and fixty in breadth, three ftories high, the lower ftory of stone and the others of brick, has fix pair of fix feet flones, runs four water wheels, and is to conftructed that any four pair of stones out of the fix can be running while the other two pair are deling; this mill has frequently manufactured one hundred and twenty barrels of flour in a day, and can on a moderare calculation grind one hundied thousand bushels of grain in a year. The fourth is owned by Thomas and John Rutter, this mill is built on an old and fimple plan and of no great account, can grind fifteen thousand bushels a year. The fifth is owned and occupied by M'Cullock and Birkhead, this is a large and elegant houfe, has three pair of ftones, one of fix feet and two of five, runs two water wheels, and conftructed fo as to run two pair of stones, while the other is drefling, can grind fifty-five thousand bufhels a year. The fixth, is owned and occupied by Thomas and Samuel Hollingsworth; this mill is a fiue ftone building though not large, has two pair of five feet ftones, runs two water wheels and can grind forty-five thousand bufhels a year. The feventh is owned by Elisha Tyron, and occupied by Tyron and Norris, this is a large elegant three story stone building, has two. pair of fix feet ftoses, runs two water wheels, and can, on a moderate calculation, grind feventy thoufand bushels in a year, this mill has once ground eighty thousand bushels of wheat in eleven months, owing to the perfevering exertions of the owner, though this is not to be expected every year The eighth is owned by Benjamin Ellicott and occupied by Benjamin and James Ellicott, this is a neat and hand fome building, four ftories high, two of lone and two of frame, the mechanical workmanship is fcarcely exceeded by any other of the kind. The infide works are very ingenious and conveniently conftructed; runs two water wheels with two pair of ftones, one of which is fix feet fix inches over, and the other five, and can grind fifty thousand bufhels a year. The ninth is owned by James Ellicott and occupied by Jofeph Scott, this is a large two ftory flone building, runs two water wheels with two pair of ftones, one of fix feet the other four feet fix inches, fhe is a powerful mill though not fo convenient as most of the others: the can grind fifty thousand bushels a year. The tenth is owned by Elifha Tyfon and occupied by William Norris aud Co. this is a hand fome three ftory building, the first of ftone and the other two of brick, runs two water wheels with three pair of fix feet ftones, and fo conftructed as to keep two pair always running, while one pair is dreffing, this mill is neatly planned in her running works, and well calculated to difpatch bufinefs, can grind at least eighty thousand bufhels

a year.

There is another ftream of water a little to the weftward of Baltimore, called Gwyns Falls, on which are four mills that receive their fupplies of wheat from Baltimore market: The firft is owned by the Widow Carrol, this is a ftone building pretty much after the old plan, though a good mill, can grind forty-five

frongly built. Baltimore has lately been incorporated, and is governed by a mayor and common council. The rapid progrefs Baltimore has made in commerce, far exceeds any of her filter cities; fo that it is now in rank, the third in the United States, both in its exports and imports. About nine years ago its inhabitans did not amount to fourteen thousand, in 1787 the number of houfes did not exceed three thoufand one hundred; the number now may fairly be calculated at nearly five thousand in the city and Fell's Point, and the inhabitants about twenty-five thousand. The bafon which is formed by federal hill and the city is fo fhallow, as only to have from eight to ten feet depth of full water in it at common tides, fhips of burn cannot therefore come farther towards the city than Fells Point, which makes it the principal place for fhipping, and of course a place of extenfive trade. On Federal Hill is errected a fignal tower with flag ftaffs felected for the purpofe of hoiling lignals when any veffels are in the hay, fo that by the fhips hoifting their merchants fignals they being repeated on the fignal tower, the owner though at the diftance of fifteen or twenty miles can know his veffel is below. About two

miles beyond the fignal tower, to the fouthward is a fort lately put in excellent repairs.

thoufand bufhels a year. The fecond is owned and occupied by the Meffes. Ellicotta, this is the most compleat and elegant mill perhaps in America; it is eigh y fest long and forty feet wide, five flories high, three of ftone and two of brick, runs four pair of feven feet stones, has three water wheels and fo conftructed that all the wheels will gear into each other, fo that each of the three wheels will do their p oportion toward turning the fourth pair of flones; can grind one hundred thoufunɗ bushels a year: the running works of this mill are plain and fimple confidering its fize and form, and difcovers great mechanical ingenuity both in their planning and execution the four pair of ftones, the boulting works, elevaters, fans, fcreens, and other machinery for cleanfing the wheat, &c move with fuch mejeltic ease and elgance, fo little noife and clattering and takes up fo little room that I believe the is in this as well as almost every other refpe&t unequ lled by any in America, perhaps not exceeded by any in the world; Thefe men purchafed three feats, each having about twenty feet fall; they began at the head of their fall and brought the race to the lower end, where it is about fixty feet above the head of the ftream, on which place the above mill stands; they propose building two more mills, the second to receive the water from the tail of the firft, and the third at the tail of the fecond, fo that the water for one will be fufficient for all three. When their three mills are compleated, they will be able to grind three hundred thousand bushels of grain in a year. To a curious mind not accustomed to the like, a fight and full view of thefe mills all running at once would be worth a journey of a confiderable diftince. The third is owned and occupied by Thomas and Samuel Hollingworth, and can grind forty thousand buthels a year. The fourth is owned and occupied by Owings and Stewart, a good tone building, can grind fifty thousand bufhels a year.

Thele mits have adopted Evens's machinery but his plan has been greatly im proved by Meflrs. Ellicot's, Tyfon, Scott, Allen and others, fo that the bufinefs of the mills can be done with very little manual labour, fo that they if well upplied, can grind feven hundred and fifty thousand bushels of wheat in a year.

Thefe mills have greatly contributed to the wealth, profperity, rapid growth, and increafing trade of Baltimore, and will doubtless continue to be a great support and encouragement to the agricultural interest of the state, as well as the commercial intereft of the city; they give employ to about two hundred and fifty person, in occupations, fuch as Clerks, Millers, Waggoners, Coopers &c.

The quantity of flour iufpected in Baltimore from the firft of July 1795, to the thirtieth of June 1798, was 266,249 barrels and 18,-78 halt bariels; and from the Art of July 1798 to the thirtieth of June 1799 was 237,907 barrels, and 16,079 half. barrels.

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