feifed to the ufe of the bargainee, and vests in the bargainee the ufe of the term for a year; and then the ftatute immediately annexes the poffeffion. He therefore, being thus in poffeffion, is capable of receiving a releafe of the freehold and reverfion, which must be made to a tenant in possession; and accordingly the next day, a release is granted to him. This is held to fupply the place of livery of feifin; and fo a conveyance by leafe and releafe is faid to amount to a feoffment.

As folks, quoth Richard, prone to leafing, Say things at firft, because they're pleafing.

Prior.

Gay.

Trading free shall thrive again, Nor leafings lead affright the swain. LEASING-MAKING, in Scots law, the uttering of words tending to excite difcord between the king and his people; alfo called verbal fedition.

She in harveft us'd to leafe. Dryden. *LEASER. n. f. [from leafe.] Gleaner; ga therer after the reaper. There was no office which a man from England might not have; and I looked upon all who were born here as only in the condition of leafers and gleaners. Savift.

LEASY POINT, a cape on the W. coaft of Lancashire, N. of the ifle of Walney.

**

(1.) * LEASH. n. f. [leffe, Fr. letfe, Dutch; laccio, Italian.] 1. A leather thong, by which a falconer holds his hawk, or a courfer leads his greyhound. Hanmer.

Ev'n like a fawning greyhound in the leash, To let him flip at will.

Shak.

More ftraining on, for plucking back; not following

My leafh unwillingly.

Shak. 2. A tierce; three.-I am fworn brother to a leafh of drawers, and can call them all by their Chrif tian names. Shak.

Hudibras.

Some thought when he did gabble They'd heard the labourers of Babel, Or Cerberus himself pronounce A leafh of languages at once. -Thou art a living comedy; they are a leash of dull devils. Dennis's Letters. 3. A band wherewith to tie any thing in general. The ravished foul being fhewn fuch game, would break those leafhes that tie her to the body. Boyle.

(2.) LEASH, ( 2, def. 2.) among fportfmen, denotes 3 creatures of any kind; but chiefly greyhounds, foxes, bucks, and hares.

*To LEASH. v. a. [from the noun.] To bind; to hold in a string.

Then should the warlike Harry, like himself, Affume the port of Mars; and, at his heels, Leafht in like hounds, fhould famine, fword, and fire,

Crouch for employment.

Shak.

* LEASING. n. f. [leafe, Saxon.] Lies; falfhood. -O ye fons of men, how long will ye have fuch pleasure in vanity, and feek after leafing? Pfal. iv.

2.

He 'mongst ladies would their fortunes read Out of their hands, and merry leafings tell. Hubbard's Tale. He hates foul leafings and vile flattery, Two filthy blots in noble gentery. Hub. Tale. That falfe pilgrim which that leafing told, Was indeed old Archimago. F. Queen. I've tumbl'd paft the throw, and in his praise Have almoft ftamped the leafing. Shak. Cor.

VOL. XIII, PART I.

but furely the profit is not worth the change.] Little beyond others; smalleft.-I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies fhewed to thy fervant. Gen. xxxii. 10.-A man can no more have a pofitive idea of the greatest than he has of the leaft space. Locke.

(2.) LEAST. adv. In the lowest degree; in a degree below others; lefs than any other way.He refolv'd to wave his fuit, Or for a while play leaf in fight.

Hudibras.

Upon the maft they saw a young man, at least if he were a man who fat as on horfeback. Sidney. Every effect doth after a fort contain, at leastwife refemble, the cause from which it proceedeth. Hooker.

Honour and fame at least the thund'rer ow'd, And ill he pays the promise of a God. Pope. -The remedies, if any, are to be propofed from à conftant courfe of the milken diet, continued at least a year. Temple-A fiend may deceive a creature of more excellency than himself, at least by the tacit permiffion of the omnifcent Being. Dryd. Ded. to Juv. 2. It has a fenfe implying doubt; to fay no more; to say the leaft; not to fay all that might be faid.

Whether fuch virtue spent now failed New angels to create, if they at leaft Are his created.

Milton.

Let useful obfervations be at least some part of the subject of your conversation. Watts.

* LEASY. adj. [This word feems formed from the fame root with loifir, French, or loofe.] Flimfy; of weak texture. Not in ufe. He never leaveth, while the sense itfelf be left loofe and leafy. Afcham's Schoolmaster.

(1.)* LEATHER. n. T. [lether, Saxon; leaår, Erfe.] 1. Dreffed hides of animals. He was a hairy man, and girt with a girdle of leather about his loins. 2 Kings i. 8.

And if two boots keep out the weather, What need you have two hides of leather? Prior. O 2. Skin:

2. Skin: ironically.

Returning found in limb and wind, Except fome leather loft behind.

Swift.

3. It is often used in compofition for leathern.The shepherds homely curds,

His cold thin drink out of his leather bottle, Is far beyond a prince's delicacies. Shak. (2.) LEATHER, BLACKING OF. In the tanning of leather it is fo much impregnated with the aftringent parts of oak bark, or with that matter which strikes a black with green vitriol, that rub bing it over 3 or 4 times with a folution of the vitriol, or with a solution of iron in vegetable acids, is fufficient for flaining it black. This operation is performed by the currier, who, after the colouring, gives a glofs to the leather with a folution of gum arabic and fize made in vinegar. Where the previous aftringent impregnation is fufficient to give due colour, and for thofe forts of leather which have not been tanned, fome galls or other aftringents are added to the folution of iron. In many cafes, particularly for the finer forts of leather, and for renewing the blackness, lamp or ivory black are used. A mixture of ei ther of thefe with linfeed oil makes the common oil blacking. For a fhining blacking, fmall beer or water are taken instead of oil, in the quantity of about a pint to an ounce of the ivory black, with the addition of half an ounce of brown fugar and as much gum-arabic. The white of an egg, fubftituted for the gum, makes the black more fhining, but is fuppofed to hurt the leather, and make it apt to crack. It must be obvious, however, that all thefe compofitions admit of many variations.

(3.) LEATHER, GILDING OF. Take glair of the whites of eggs, or gum water, and with a brush rub over the leather with either of them: then lay on the gold or filver, and, letting them dry, burnish them. See BURNISHING, and GILDING, IV. i. 2.

(4.) LEATHER, METHOD OF COVERING, OR DRESSING, WITH SILVER OR GOLD. Take brown red; grind or move it on a ftone with a muller, adding water and chalk; and when the latter is diffolved, rub or lightly daub the leather over with it, till it looks a little whitish; and then lay on the leaf-filver or gold before the leather is quite dry, laying the leaves a little over each other, that there may not be the leaft part uncovered; and when they have well closed with the leather, and are fufficiently dried on and hardened, rub them over with an ivory polifher, or the fore tooth of a horse.

(5.) LEATHER, METHODS OF DYEING. Blue is given by steeping the leather a day in urine and indigo, then boiling it with alum: or by tempering the indigo with red wine, and washing the fkins therewith. Red is given by washing the fkins, and laying them two hours in galls, then wringing them out, dipping them in a liquor made with liguftrum, alum, and verdigreafe in water; and lastly, in a dye made of brazil wood, boiled with ley. Purple is given by wetting the fkins with a folution of roche alum in warm water; and, when dry again, rubbing them with the hand with a decoction of log-wood in colder. Green is given by fmearing the skin with fap green

and alum water boiled. Dark green is also given with fteel filings and fal armoniac steeped in urine till foft, then fmeared over the fkin; which is to be dried in the fhade. Sky colour is given with indigo fteeped in boiling water, and the next morning warmed and smeared over the skin. Yellow, by fmearing the skin over with aloes and linfeed oil diffolved and ftrained; or by infusing it in weld. Orange colour is given by smearing with fuftic berries boiled in alum-water; or, for a deep orange, with turmeric.

(6.) LEATHER, PROCESSES FOR DYEING, RED AND YELLOW, AS PRACTISED IN TURKEY. These proceffes, with directions for preparing and tanning the fkins, were communicated by Mr Philippo, a native of Armenia, who received from the Society for the encouragement of Arts, &c. col. befides the Society's gold medal, as a reward for difcovering this fecret. 1. Firft Preparation of the Skins, for both colours, by lime. Let the skins, dried with the hair on, be firft laid to foak in clean water for 3 days; let them then be broken over the flesh fide, put into fresh water for two days longer, and afterwards hung up to drain half an hour. Let them now be broken on the flesh fide, limed in cold lime on the fame fide, and doubled together with the grain fide outward. In this ftate they must be hung up within doors over a frame for 5 or 6 days, till the hair be loose; which muft then be taken off, and the skins returned into the lime pit for about 3 weeks. Take them out, and let them be well worked flesh and grain, every 6th or 7th day during that time; after which, let them be washed ten times in clear water, changing the water at each washing. 2. Preparation for both Dyes, by drenching. After fqueezing the wa ter out of the skins, put them into a mixture of bran and water, warm as new milk, in the following proportions; viz. about 3lb. of bran for 5 skins, and water fufficient to make the mixture moderately fluid, which will be about a gallon to each pound of bran. In this drench let the skins lie 3 days; at the end of which they must be well worked, and then returned into the drench two days longer. They muft next be taken out and rubbed between the hands; the water fqueezed from them, and the bran fcraped off clear from both fides of the fkins. After this they must be again washed ten times in clear water, and the water fqueezed out of them. Thus far the preparatory process for both colours is the fame; but after this the fkins must be treated differently. 3. Preparation in honey and bran of the Skins to be dyed RED. Mix rib. of honey with three pints of luke-warm water, and ftir them together till the honey is diffolved. Then add two double handfuls of bran; and taking 4 fkins (for which the above quantity of the mixture will be fufficient), work them well in it one after another. Afterwards fold up each skin separately into a round form, with the flesh fide inwards; and lay them in an earthen pan, or other proper veffel; in fummer, by the fide, but in winter, on the top of each other. Place the veffel in a floping pofition, fo that fuch part of the fluid as may fpontaneously drain from the fkins, may pafs off. An acid fermentation will then rife in the liquor, and the skins will fwell confiderably. In this ftate

they

they muft continue for 7 or 8 days; but the moif ture that drains from them must be poured off, once or twice a-day, as occafion may require. 4. Preparation in Salt, of the Skins to be dyed Red. After the skins have been thus fermented in honey and bran, let them be taken out of that mixture on the 8th or 9th day, and well rubbed and worked with dry fea falt, in the proportion of about half a pound to each skin. This will make them contract again, and part with a confiderable quantity of more moilture; which must be fqueezed out by drawing each fkin feparately through the hands. They must next be fcraped clean on both fides from the bran, fuperfluous falt, and remaining moisture; after which, dry falt must be ftrewed over the grain fide, and well rubbed in with the hand. They are then to be doubled with the flesh fide outwards, lengthwife from neck to tail, and a little more dry falt must be thinly ftrewed over the flesh fide, and rubbed in; for the two laft operations, about 1 lb. of falt will be fufficient for each skin. They must then be put, thus folded on each other, between two clean boards, placed floping breadth wife and a heavy weight laid on the upper board, in order gradually to prefs out what moisture they will thus part with. In this ftate of preffure, they must be continued two days or longer, till it be convenient to dye them, for which they will then be duly prepared. 5. Preparation of the Red Dye, in a proportion for four kins. Put 8 gallons of water into a copper, with 7 oz. of fhenan tied up in a linen bag. Shenan is a fpecies of falicornia, and is much ufed by dyers in the eaft. It may be easily procured in any quantity, at a trifling expenfe, by any of the captains of Turkey fhips, at Aleppo, Smyrna, &c. (See SALICORNIA, and SHENAN.) Light a fire under a copper; and when the water has boiled about a quarter of an hour, take out the bag of thenan, and put into the boiling fluid or lixivium, ift, two drams of alum; 2dly, two drams pomegranate bark; 3dly, oz. of turmeric; 4thly, 3 oz. of cochineal; sthly, 2 oz. of loaf fugar. Let the whole mixture boil about fix minutes, then cover the fire, and take out a quart of liquor, putting it into a flat earthen pan; and when it is as cold as new milk, take one skin, folded lengthwife, the grain fide outwards, and dip it in the liquor, rub. bing it gently with the hands. Then taking out the skin, hang it up to drain, and throw away the fuperfluous dye. Proceed in the fame manner with the other 3 fkins; repeating the operation of each separately, 8 times, fqueezing the fkins by drawing them through the hands before each fresh dipping. Lay them now on one fide of a large pan, fet floping, to drain off as much of the moifture as will run from them without preffure, for about two hours, or till they are cold; then tan them. 6. Tanning the Red Skins. Powder 4 oz. of the beft white galls in a marble mortar, fifting it through a fine fieve, Mix the powder with about 3 quarts of water, and work the skins well in this mixture for half an hour or more, folding up the fkins four-fold. Let them lie in this, tan for 24 hours; when they must be worked again as be fore; then taken out, scraped clean on both fides from the first galls, and put into a like quantity of fresh galls and water. In this fresh mixture

they must be again well worked for three quarters of an hour; then folded up as before, and left in the fresh tan for three days. On the 4th day they must be taken out, washed clean from the galls in feven or eight fresh quantities of water, and then hung up to dry. 7. Method of Dreffing the Skins. When the fkins are very near dry, they should be fcraped with the proper inftrument or scraper on the flesh fide, to reduce them to a proper degree of thickness. They are then to be laid on a fmooth board, and glazed by rubbing them with a smooth glafs. After which they must be oiled, by rubbing them with olive oil, by a linen rag, in the proportion of 14 oz. of oil for 4 skins: they are then to be grained on a graining board, lengthwife, breadthwife, and cornerwife, or from corner to corner. 8. Preparations with galls, for the Skins to be dyed YELLOW. After the 4 fkins are taken out of the drench of bran, and clean wash-ed, they must be very well worked, half an hour or more, in a mixture of 1 lb. of the beft white galls, finely powdered, with two quarts of clean water. The skins are then to be feparately doubled lengthwife, rolled up with the flesh fide outwards laid in the mixture, and clofe preffed down on each other, in which state they must continue' two whole days. On the third day let them be, again worked in the tan; and afterwards scraped clean from the galls, with an ivory or brafs inftrument; for no iron muft touch them. They must then be put into a fresh tan, made of 2 lb. of galls finely powdered, with about 3 quarts of water, and well worked therein 15 times. After this they must be doubled, rolled up as before, and laid in the 2d tan for 3 days. On the 3d day 4 lb, of fea falt must be worked into each fkin; and the fkins doubled as before, and returned into the tan, till the day following, when they are to be taken out, and well washed fix times in cold water, and four times water lukewarm. The water must be then well fqueezed out, by laying the skins under preffure, for about half an hour, between two boards, with a weight of about 200 or 300 lb. laid upon the uppermoft board, when they will be ready for the dye. 9. Preparations of the Yellow Dye, in the proportion for four Skins. Mix 6 oz. of caffiari gehira, or dgehira, or the berries of the eaftern RHAMNUS, with the fame quantity of alum; and pound them together till they be fine, in a marble or brafs mortar, with a brafs pestle. Thefe may be had at Aleppo, and other parts of the Levant, at a fmall price. The common Avignon or yellow berries may be fubftituted, but not with fo good an effect; the caffiari gehira be ing a stronger and brighter yellow dye, After pounding them, divide the materials, thus powdered, into 3 equal parts of 4 oz. each, put one part into about 14 pints of water, in a china or earthen veffel, and stir the mixture together. Let the fluid ftand to cool, till it will not fcald the hand. Then spreading one of the fkins flat on a table, in a warm room, with the grain fide uppermoft, pour a 4th par f the liquor, over the upper or grain fide, sprea it equally over the skin with the hand, and ru it well in. Afterwards do the like with the other three skins. This operation must be repeated twice more on each skin separately, with the remaining 8 oz. of

the