To get from th' enemy, and Ralph, free;
Left danger, fears, and foes, behind,
And beat, at leaft, three lengths the wind. Hudib.
Time glides along with undifcover'd hafte,
The future but a length beyond the past. Dryd.
4. Extent of duration or space.-

What length of lands, what oceans have you
pafs'd,

What ftorms fuftain'd, and on what fhores been caft? Dryden. --Having thus got the idea of duration, the next thing is to get fome measure of this common duration, whereby to judge of its different lengths. Locke. 5. Long duration or protraction.

May Heav'n, great monarch, ftill augment your blifs

[The particle out is only emphatical. To pro tract; to extend.

With length of days, and every day like this. Dryden Such toil requir'd the Roman name, Such length of labour for so vast a frame. Dryd. -In length of time it will cover the whole plain, and make one mountain with that on which it now ftands. Addifon. 6. Reach or expansion of any thing. I do not recommend to all a pursuit of sciences, to those extenfive lengths to which the moderns have advanced. Watts's Impr. of the Mind. 7. Full extent; uncontracted flate.-If Lætitia, who fent me this account, will acquaint me with the worthy gentleman's name; I will infert it at length in one of my papers. Spect. 8. Distance. He had marched to the length of Exeter, which he had fome thought of befieging. Clarend. 9. End; latter part of any affignable time.-Churches purged of things burdenfome, all was brought at the, length unto that wherein we now ftand. Hooker. A crooked stick is not ftraitened unless it be bent as far on the clear contrary fide, that fo it may fettle itself at the length in a middle ftate of evennefs between them both. Hooker. 10. At LENGTH. [An adverbial mode of fpeech. It was formerly written at the length.] At last; in conclufion.

At length, at length, I have thee in my arms, Tho' our malevolent stars have ftruggled hard, And held us long asunder. Dryden. (2.) LENGTH, in duration, (§ 1, def. 5.) is applied to any space of time, whether long or fhort. (1.) To LENGTHEN. v. a. [from length.] 1. To draw out; to make longer; to elongate.-Relaxing the fibres, is making them flexible, or eafy to be lengthened without rupture. Arbuthnot.

*

Falling dews with fpangles deck'd the glade, And the low fun had lengthen'devery fhade. Pope. 2. To protract; to continue.

Frame your mind to mirth and merriment, Which bars a thousand harms, and lengthens life. Shakefp. -Break off thy fins by righteousness, and thine iniquities by fhewing mercy to the poor; if it may be a lengthening of thy tranquillity. Dan. iv. 27. It is in our power to fecure to ourselves an interest in the divine mercies that are yet to come, and to lengthen the course of our prefent profperity. Atterbury's Sermons. 3. To protract pronunciation. -The learned languages were lefs conftrained in the quantity of every fyllable, befide helps of grammatical figures for the lengthening or abbreviation of them. Dryden. 4. To LENGTHEN out.

What if I pleafe to lengthen out his date A day, and take a pride to cozen fate? Dryd. I'd hoard up every moment of my life, To lengthen out the payment of my fears. Dryd. It lengthens out every act of worship, and produces more lafting and permanent impreffions in the mind, than thofe which accompany any tranfient form of words. Addison. (2.) To LENGTHEN. v. n. To grow longer; to increase in length.-One may as well make a yard, whofe parts lengthen and fhrink, as a meafure of trade in materials, that have not always a fettled value. Locke.

Still 'tis farther from its end;

Still finds its error lengthen with its way. Prior. LENGTHENING, part. adj. in fhip carpentry, the operation of cutting a fhip down across the middle, and adding a certain portion to her length. It is performed by fawing her planks afunder in different places of her length, on each fide of the midshipframe, to prevent her from being too much weakened in one place. The two ends are then drawn apart to a limited distance, which must be equal to the propofed addition of length. An intermediate piece of timber is next added to the keel, upon which a fufficient number of timbers are erected, to fill up the vacancy produced by the feparation. The two parts of the kelfon are afterwards united by an additional piece, which is fcored down upon the floor timbers, and as many beams as may be neceffary are fixed across the fhip in the new interval. Finally, the planks of the fide are prolonged fo as to unite with each other; and thofe of the ceiling refitted in the fame manner; by which the whole process is completed.

LENGTHWISE. adv. length and wife.] Ac cording to the length, in a longitudinal direction. LENGUEGLIO, a town of Liguria, 5 miles S. of Albenga.

LENHAM, a town of Kent, feated on on eminence, near the fource of the Len, 9 miles E. of Maidstone, and 48 ESE. of London. Lon. 0.45 E. Lat. 51. 18. N.

LENHOFDA, a town of Sweden, in Smaland. (1.) * LENIENT. adj. [leniens, Lat.] 1. Affuafive; foftening; mitigating.

In this one paffion man can ftrength enjoy; Time, that on all things lays his lenient hand, Yet tames not this; it flicks to our last sand. Pope. 2. With of

Confolatories writ

With ftudy'd argument, and much perfuafion fought,

Lenient of grief and anxious thought. Milton 4. Laxative; emollient.-Oils relax the fibres, are lenient, balsamick, and abate acrimony in the blood. Arbuthnot.

(2.) LENIENT. n. f. An emollient, or affuafive application.-I dreffed it with lenients. Wifeman.

*To LENIFY. v. a. [lenifier, old Fr. lenio, Lat.] To affuage; to mitigate.-Ufed for fquinancies and inflammations in the throat, it fecmeth to have mollifying and lenifying virtue. Bacon.

a

All foft'ning fimples, known of fov'reign ufe, He preffes out, and pours their noble juice; Thefe

These first infus'd, to lenify the pain,

He tugs with pincers, but he tugs in vain. Dryd. (1.) * LENITIVE. adj. [lenitif, Fr. lenio, Lat.] Affuafive; emollient.-Some plants have a milk in them; the cause may be an inception of putrefaction: for thofe milks have all an acrimony, though one would think they fhould be lenitive, Bacon.-There is aliment lenitive, expelling the fæces without ftimulating the bowels; fuch are animal oils. Arbuthnot.

(2.) * LENITIVE. n. f. 1. Any thing medicinally applied to eafe pain. 2. A palliative.-There are lenitives that friendship will apply, before it would be brought to decretory rigours. South's Sermons. * LENITY. n. f. [lenitas, Lat.] Mildness;, mercy; tenderness; foftness of temper.

Henry gives confent,
Of meer compaffion, and of lenity,
To cafe your country.

Shakefp. Henry VI.

Lenity muft gain
The mighty men, and pleafe the discontent.

Daniel. -Albeit fo ample a pardon was proclaimed touching treafon, yet could not the boldness be beaten down either with severity, or with lenity be abated. Hayward.

The old imprifon'd king,
Whole lenity first pleas'd the gaping crowd.
Dryden.

LENKERU, a town of Perfia, in Ghilan.'
LENMERE, a small town in Hertfordshire.
LENNE, a river of Germany, which rifes near
Berleburg, and falis into the Roer, 2 miles W. of,
Schwiert.

LENNEP, a town of Weftphalia, in the duchy of Berg; 20 miles ESE. of Duffeldorf.

LENNILENAPES. See DELAWARES. LENNO, a town of Italy, in the dep. of the Melia, and diftrict (late prov.) of Brefcia; containing 300 citizens, in 1797.

(1.) LENNOX, or DUNBARTON-SHIRE, a county of Scotland, 24 miles long, and 20 broad, bounded on the S. by the river and frith of Clyde; on the W. by Lochlong and Argylefhire; on the N. by the Grampians, and on the E. by Monteith and Stirlingshire. Great part of it is fit for nothing but pafturage and fport; even in the lower lands, the foil is not very fertile: yet the face of the country is agreeably diversified with hills, dales, mountains, heath, rivulets, rivers, lakes, woods, fields of corn, and gentlemen's feats and plantations. Part of it is washed by the Clyde, which, at the caftle of Dunbarton, is two miles broad at high water, and continues extending in width and depth until it joins the ocean. From the mouth of the Clyde, the two bays of Lochlong and Lochfyne make large indentations in the county. The only river of any confideration that runs through this county is the Leven. See LEVEN. But the greatest curiofity of this county is LOCH-LOMOND, a vaft body of fresh water, fupplied by fubterraneous fprings and rivulets, furrounded with huge mountains, extending 25 miles in length, and in fome places 5 in breadth, incredibly deep in every part, interfpered with 24 verdant ifles, fome of which are stocked with red-deer, and inhabited. Nothing can be more wildly romantic than this part of the country during fummer, on the S. fide VOL. XIII. PART I

of the lake the high road runs in fome places through natural woods; overhung, on one hand, by steep mountains covered with flowery heath; and on the other opening in long viftas upon the lake, terminated by green islands that feem to float upon the water. Among the rivers of this country, we muft not omit the BLANE, which, though an inconfiderable ftream, hath been rendered famous by the birth of George Buchanan, the celebrated Latin poet and hiftorian, on its banks. (See BUCHANAN, N° 2.) Near his birth, place (which, however, lies in Stirlingshire; fee KILLEARN) is BUCHANAN HOUSE, an elegant feat belonging to the duke of Montrofe, head of the noble family of GRAHAM, so often diftinguished by its loyalty, integrity, and valour. The fame part of the country gave birth to the great mathematician and naturalift, NAPIER, Lord Merchifton, inventor of the logarithms. The title of Lennox, with the property of great part of the fhire, was formerly vested in a branch of the royal family of Stuart, with which it was reunited in the perfon of K. James VI. whofe father, Henry Lord Darnley, was fon to the E. of Lennox. This prince conferred the title upon his kinfman Efme Stuart, fon of John Lord Aubigney in France: but, his race failing at the death of Charles duke of Lennox and Richmond, and the eftate devolving to the crown, Charles II. conferred both titles on his own natural fon by the duchefs of Portsmouth; and they are ftill enjoyed by his pofterity. The people of Lennox are chiefly Lowlanders, though in fome parts of it divine fervice is performed in the Erfe language. The moft numerous clans in this diftrict, are the Macfarlanes, the Colquhouns, and the Buchanans. They generally profefs the Proteftant faith, according to the Prefbyterian difcipline; though fome of the gentry follow the English ritual. The people are fober, honeft, and induftrious; and though they live poorly, are tall, vigorous, and healthy.

(2.) LENNOX, a town of Massachusetts, the capital of Berkshire: 145 miles from Bofton."

LENOIR, a county of N. Carolina, in Newbern diftrict, bounded N. by Glasgow; E. by Craven; S. by Jones, and SW. by Dauphine: containing 2484 citizens and 957 flaves, in 1795. Kingfton is the capital.

LENONCOURT, a town of France, in the dep. of Meurthe, 44 miles ESE. of Nancy, and 74 NW. of Luneville.

LENOX. See LENNOX.

(1.)* LENS. n. f. From resemblance to the feed of a lentil.-A glafs fpherically convex on both fides, is ufually called a lens ; fuch as is a burning-glass or spectacle-glass, or an object glass of a telcicope. Newton.-According to the difference of the lenfes, I ufed various diftances. Neauton.

(2.) A LENS, is a piece of glafs, or any other tranfparent fubftance, the furfaces of which are fo formed, that the rays of light, by paffing through it, are made to change their direction, either tending to meet in a point beyond the lens, or made to become parallel after converging or diverging; or proceeding as if they had iffued from a point before they fell upon the lens.

(3.) LENS, in geography, a town of France, in the dep. of the Straits of Calais and ci-devant prov

of

of Artois; built in 1208, by Baldwin E. of Flanders and Artois. In 1553, it was taken and burnt by the French; in 1582, it was pillaged by the garrifon of Cambray; in 1648, it was taken by The Spaniards; but retaken by the Pr. of Conde; and in 1658, it was confirmed to the French by the peace of the Pyrenees. It is 4 miles NW. of Douay, and 95 NE. of Paris. Lon. 3. 5. E. Lat. $0, 26. N.

LENSWYCK a town of Norway.

(1.) * LENT. 2. f. [lenten, the fpring, Saxon.] The quadragefimal faft; a time of abftinence; the time from Afh Wednesday to Eafter.-Lent is from fpringing, becaufe it falleth in the fpring; for which our progenitors, the Germans, ufe glent. Camden.

(2.) LENT is a folemn time of fafting in the Chrif. tian church. Thofe of the Romish church, and fome of the Proteftant communion, maintain, that it was always a faft of 40 days, and, as fuch, of apoftolical inftitution. Others think it was only pf ecclefiaftical inftitution, and that it was variously obferved in different churches, and grew by degrees 'from a fast of 40 hours to a faft of 40 days. This is the opinion of Morton, Bp. Taylor, Du Moulin, Daillé, and others. The ancient manner of obserying Lent, among those who were pioufly difpofed, was to abitain from food till evening: their only refreshment was a fupper; and it was indifferent whether it was fleth or any other food, provided it was used with sobriety and moderation. Lent was thought the proper time for exercifing, more abundantly, every fpecies of charity. Thus what they fpared from their own bodies by abridging them of a meal, was ufually given to the poor; they employed their vacant hours in vifiting the fiok, and thofe that were in prifon; in entertaining ftrangers, and reconciling differences. The imperial laws forbad all profecution of men in criminal actions, that might bring them to corporal punishment and torture, during the whole feafon. This was a time of more than ordinary ftrictness and devotion, and therefore, in many of the great churches, they had religious assemblies for prayer and preaching every day. All public games and tage plays were prohibited; as well as the celebration of all feftivals, birth-days, and marriages, as unfuitable to the occafion. The Chriftians of the Greek church obferve 4 Lents: the firft com. mences on 15th of Nov.; the 2d is the fame with that of the church of England; the 3d begins the week after Whitfuntide, and continues till the Festival of St Peter and St Paul; and the 4th commences on the ist of August, and lasts till the 15th. All these Lents are obferved with great strictness; but on Saturdays and Sundays they drink wine and ufe oil, which are prohibited on other days.

LENTA, a river of Naples, in Abruzzo Citra. LENTE, a town of Germany, in Holstein. LENTELLA, a town of Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 18 miles NE. of Civita Borella.

(1.) LENTEN. adj. [from lent. Such as is ufed in lent; fparing. My lord, if you delight not in man, what lenten entertainment the players hall receive from you. Shak.

(2.) LENTEN, a town of Norway, 20 miles N. of Berga.

* LENTICULAR. adj. [lenticulaire, French.] Doubly convex; of the form of a lens.-The cryf. talline humour is of a lenticular figure, conver on both fides. Ray.

* LENTIFORM, adj. [lens and forma, Latin.] Having the form of a lens.

* LENTIGINOUS. adj. [from lentigo.] Scurfy; furfuraceous.

*LENTIGO. [Latin.] A freckly or fcurfy er uption upon the fkin; fuch especially as is common to women in child-bearing. Quincy.

(1.) LENTIL. n. f. [lens, Latin; lentille, Fr.) A plant.-It hath a papilionaceous flower, the pointal of which becomes a short pod, containing orbicular feeds, for the most part convex; the leaves are conjugated, growing to one mid-rib, and are terminated by tendrils. Miller.-The Philiftines were gathered together, where was a piece of ground full of lentils. 2 Sam. xxiii. 11.

(2.) LENTIL, in botany. See ERVUM. (1.) LENTINI, a river of Sicily, in the valley of Noto, anciently called TERIUS. It runs into the Adriatic, 5 miles below the town, N° 2.

(2.) LENTINI, a town of Sicily, feated on the above river, apciently called LEONTIUM. It was almoft deftroyed by an earthquake, in 1693. It lies 10 miles NW. of Augufta, 17 SW. of Cata nia, and 19 NW. of Syracufe. Lon. 32. 48. E. Ferro. Lat. 37. 18. N.

(1.) * LENTISCK. n. f. \lentifcus, Latin; lentifque, French.]-Lentifck wood is of a pale brown, almoft whitish, refinous, fragrant, and acrid: it is the tree which produces maftich, efteemed aftringent and balfamick. Hill.-Lentifck is a beautiful evergreen, the maftich or gum of which is of ufe for the teeth or gums. Mortimer.

(2.) LENTISCK, in botany. See PISTACIA, No 1. (3.) LENTISCK, AFRICAN, in botany. See (4.) LENTISCK, PERUVIAN, SCHINUS. LENTISCOSA, a town of Naples, in Principa to Citra; 9 miles SW. of Policaftro.

* LENTITUDE. n. f. [from lentus, Latin.] Sluggishness; flowness. Dia.

(1.) * LENTNER. n.. A kind of hawk.-I fhould enlarge my difcourfe to the obfervation of the haggard, and the two forts of lentners. Walton. (2.) LENTNER. See FALCO, N° 32. LENTO, a town of France, in the island and dep. of Corfica; 11 m. §. of Oletta.

LENTON, a town of Nottinghamshire, on the Len. It has a fair for 7 days after Whitfunday, and a horse fair in November..

* LENTOR. n. f. [lentor, Latin; lenteur, Fr.] 1. Tenacity, vifcofity.-Some bodies have a kind of lentor, and more depectible nature than others. Bacon. 2. Slowness; delay; sluggish coldness.The lentor or eruptions, not inflammatory, points to an acid caufe. Arbuthnot. 3. [In phyfick.] That fizy, vifcid, coagulated part of the blood, which, in malignant fevers, obftructs the capilla. ry veffels. Quincy.

LENTOUS. adj. [lentus, Lat.] Viscous; tenacious; capable to be drawn out.-In this spawn of a lentous and tranfparent body, are to be difAnd with a lepten fallad cool'd her blood. Dryd, cerned many fpecks which become black, a sub

She quench'd her fury at the flood,

fange

ftance more compacted and terreftrious than the
other; for it rifeth not in diftillation. Brown.
(1.) LENTULUS, the furname of a branch of
the CORNELIAN family at Rome, which produced
several great men during the republic. See ROME.
(2.) LENTULUS, Cneius Cornelius, furnamed
Getulicas, was conful A. D. 26, and was alfo a
mar of letters. He wrote a history, mentioned
by Suetonitis, and Martial fays he was a poet;
but his works are loft. He was put to death by
Tiberius, who was jealous of his popularity.
LENTZ, a town of Pruffia, in Marienburg.
LENTZBURG, a town and extenfive late
bailiewic of Helvetia, in the canton of Berne.
LENTZEN, a town of Saxony, in Pregnitz.
LENYHER, a town of S. Wales, in Glamor-
ganfhire. It has a fair Oct. 10.

LENZBURG, a town of Switzerland, in Berne; one of the 4 municipal towns in the Argau; fa mous for its manufactures of Bowered linens, cottons, &c. 16 miles W. of Zurich, and 35 NE. of

Berne.

(1.) LEO, in aftronomy, the 5th fign of the zodiac. See Astronomy, § 548.

(2.) LEO, in zoology. See FELIS, N° VIII. (3.) LEO, a native of Byzantium, who flourished about A. A. C. 350, and wrote fome treatises on phyfic and hiftory, which are loft. His philofophy, patriotism and political abilities, while they endeared him to his countrymen, who em ployed him as ambassador to Athens, Macedonia, &c. on their most important bufinefs, excited the jealoufy of Philip III. of Macedon; who faw his ambitious defigns would be fruftrated while fuch a vigilant patriot lived. He therefore got a letter forged in Leo's name, offering to betray Byzantium to the K. of Perfia, which produced the defired villanous effect. The mob ran enraged to the house of the philofopher, who, to avoid their fury, killed himself.

(4-9.) LEO, the name of 6 emperors of the Eaft. Having taken little notice of them in our general hiftory of CONSTANTINOPLE, we fhall here give a brief biographical fketch of them.

LEO I. a Thracian, fucceeded the emperor Mar tin, A. D. 457: renewed the war with the Vandals, but was unfuccefsful, through the treachery of his general Afpar, whom he put to death in 471; and the Goths, under pretence of reven ging his death, ravaged the empire. Leo died in

474.

LEO II. the fon of Zeno, by Ariadne daughter of Leo I. fucceeded his grandfather, in 474; but having ruined his health by debauchery, died the fame year, and was fucceeded by his father.

LEO III. the Ifaurian, was the fon of a poor mechanic, but entering the army, became one of the body-guard to Juftinian II; and was made a general by Anaftafius II. who, in 717, made him his colleague in the empire. The Saracens having ravaged Thrace, befieged Conftantinople, but Leo bravely defended it, and repulfed them.. After this he proved a tyrant, and burnt the library of Conftantinople, containing above 30,000 volumes, beides a vast quantity of medals and other antiquities. He died in 741, and was fucceeded by his fon Conftantine V

LEO IV. fucceeded his father Constantine V. fa 775, and repulfed the Saracens in Afia. In his time the great controverfy raged about images. See ICONOCLASTÆ. He died in 780, and was fuc ceeded by his fon Constantine VI. whom he had affociated in 776.

LEO V. the Armenian, rofe to the rank of ge neral by his valour, but was banished by the em peror Nicephorus I. Michael I. recalled him in 811, for which Leo fhowed his gratitude, by dethroning him in 813. He died, detefted for cruelty, in 820.

LEO VI. furnamed the Philofopher, the son of BASIL I. was affociated by his father in 876, and fucceeded him in 878. The Saracens, Bulgarians, and Hungarians, having united against him, he imprudently called the Turks to his aid, who ravaged Bulgaria with fire and fword. He drove out and depofed the patriarchs Phocas and Nia cholas; and died in grt. He wrote several books the principal of which is a Treatise on Tactics printed at Leyden in 1612.

(10-20.) LEO is also the name, real or affumed, of ti popes of Rome. The tranfactions of fe veral of thefe are mentioned under the articles, FRANCE, 15; HISTORY, Part II. Se&. IV. ; ITALY, 18, 20, &c. Only two of them are res corded as authors, viz.

LEO I. furnamed the GREAT, an Italian, who fucceeded Sextus III. in 440. He showed great zeal against the Manichees and other heretics. His works amount to 3 vols folio. He died in 4618

LEO X. whose proper name was John de Me dicis, is ever to be remembered by Proteftants, as having proved the caufe of the reformation, begun by Martin Luther. He was made a cardinal at 14 years of age, and fome years after a legate, by Julius II. He was in that quality in the ar my which was defeated by the French near Ravenna, in 1512, where he was taken prifoner. The foldiers, who took him, humbly afked his pardon for gaining the victory, befought him to give them abfolution for it, and promised never to bear arms against the pope. When Julius died, Medicis was very ill of the veneral difeafe at Florence, and was carried to Rome in a litter. Hurrying aboutevery night to the cardinals of his faction, his ulcer broke, and the matter which ran from it exhaled fuch a stench, that all the air in the con clave was poifoned by it. Upon this the cardi nals confulted the phyficians, to know what the matter was. They being bribed, faid the cardi nal de Medicis could not live a month; which occafioned his being chofen pope. Thus cardinal de Medicis, then not 30 years of age, was elected pope, in confequence of his debaucheries, upon a falle information; and as joy is a fovereign re medy, he foon recovered his health. He was bet ter calculated for a temporal than a spiritual prince, being ambitious, politic, luxurious, a connoiffeur in the fine arts, and an accomplished fine gentleman: Thus qualified, it is no wonder thats neglecting the true intereft of his church, he fhould avail himself of the folly of religious dupes, and publicly fell indulgences to fupport his prodigality; efpecially as he was known to disbelieve Chriftianity itfelf, which he called A very propt

able