certing Buffon's Natural Hiftory. He died at Rome in 1762.

* LIGNALOES. n. f. [lignum aloes, Latin.] Aloes wood. The valleys spread forth as gardens by the river's fide, as the trees of lignaloes which the Lord hath planted, and as cedar trees befide the water. Numb. xxiv. 6..

LIGNANA, a town of France, in the military province of Piedmont, and late lordship of Vercelli, 6 miles WSW. of Vercelli.

(1.) LIGNE, a town of France, in the dep. of the Lower Loire, 9 miles NW. of Ancenis.

(2.) LIGNE, a town of France, in the depart ment of Gemappes, and late province of Auftrian Hainault, on the Dender, 12 miles NW. of Mons, and 20 N. of Valenciennes. Lon. 3. 45. E. Lat. 50. 35. N.

(3) LIGNE SUR USSEAU, a town of France, in the dep. of Vienne, 7 miles N. of Chattelleraut, and 174 ESE, of Loudun.

* LIGNEOUS. adj. [ligneus, Lat. ligneux, Fr.] Made of wood; wooden; refembling wood.-It fhould be tried with fhoots of vines, and roots of red rofes; for it may be they, being of a more ligneous nature, will incorporate with the tree itself. Bacon. Ten thousand feeds of the plant bartstongue hardly make the bulk of a pepper-corn: now the covers, and the true body of each feed, the parenchymous and ligneous part of both, and the fibres of thofe parts, multiplied one by another, afford a hundred thousand millions of formed atoms, but how many more we cannot define. Greau.

LIGNEROLLES, a town of France, in the department of the Allier, 4 miles S. of Montluçon. LIGNET. n. f. among goldfmiths, a longitudinal hollow iron mould, made for receiving melted maffes of gold or filver. It has a large hollow for the former, and a small one for the latter. See INGOT, 2. This word is by fome derived from lignum, wood; ingots of gold and filver having been probably at firft thrown into lignets made of hollow hard wood, till their rapid confumption by the melted metal had fhown the neceffity of making them of more durable stuff. They are now made of iron, and are alfo called ingots. LIGNEVILLE, a town of France, in the department of Vofges, 6 miles NW. of Darney, and 9 NE. of Marche.

LIGNICENSIS TERRA, in the materia medica, a fine yellow bole dug in many parts of Germany, particularly about Emeric in Weftphalia, and ufed in cordial and aftringent complaints.

(1.) LIGNIERE, or a town of France, in the (1.) LIGNIERES, department of Cher, and late province of Berry, with a caftle, 24 miles S. of Bourges, and 13 SE. of Iffoudun. Lon. 2. 24. E. Lat. 46. 47. N.

(2.) LIGNIERES CHATELAIN, a town of France, in the department of Somme, 18 miles W. of Amiens.

(3) LIGNIERES LA DOUCELLE, a town of France, in the department of Maine, 12 miles N. of Villaine, and 134 NW. of Alençon.

LIGNITZ. See LIEGNITZ.

(1.) LIGNON, a river of France, which runs into the Loire near Feurs.

(2.) LIGNON, a town of France, in the department of Marne, 9 miles S. of Vitry.

LIGNUM, [Lat. wood.] forms part of the name of feveral plants and vegetable substances; as, (1.) LIGNUM ALOES. See EXCOECARIA. (2.) LIGNUM CAMPECHENSE. See HEMATOX

YLUM.

(3.) LIGNUM COLUBRINUM. See OPHIORRHIZA.

(4.) LIGNUM NEPHRITICUM. See GUILANDINA.

(5.) LIGNUM RHODIUM, or ROSEWOOD, in the materia medica; a wood, or root, chicfly brought to us from the Canary islands. The writers on botany and the materia medica are much divided about the lignum rhodium, not only with regard to the plant which affords it, but likewife in their accounts of the drug itfelf; and have described, under this name, fimples manifeftly different. This confufion feems to have arisen from an opinion, that the RHODIUM, and the ASPALATHUS, (an article of confiderable esteem among the ancients, but with regard to which the moderns are very much at a lofs), are the fame; whence different woods brought into Europe for the unknown afpalathus, were fold again by the name of rhodium. In thofe modern Pharmacopoeias which admit the lignum rhodium, different Linnean names are given to it: thus the authors of the Difpenfatorium Brunfvicense suppose it to be the Rhodiola rofa of Linnæus; and those of the Pharmacopeia Roffica, the Genista Canarienfis. As to Afpalathus, the ancients themselves difagree; Diofcorides meaning by this appellation the wood of a certain fhrub freed from the bark, and Galen the bark of a root. At prefent we have nothing under this name in the fhops. What was heretofore fold among us as afpalathus, were pieces of a pale coloured wood brought from the Eaft Indies, and more commonly called calambour. The afpalathus, calambour, and lignum aquila, are fuppofed to be woods of the nature of agallochum, or lignum aloes, but weaker in quality. The lig num rhodium of the fhops is ufually in long crooked pieces full of knots, which when cut appear of a yellow colour like box with a reddish caft: the largest, smootheft, moft compact, and deepest coloured pieces, fhould be chofen; and the fmall, thin, or pale ones, rejected. The taste of this wood is lightly bitterish, and fomewhat pungent; its fmell is very fragrant, refembling that of rofes: long kept, it feems to lofe its fmell; but on cut< ting, or rubbing one piece against the other, it finells as well as at firft. Diftilled with water, it yields an odoriferous effential oil, in very small quantity. Rhodium is at prefent in efteem only upon account of its oil, which is employed as an high and agreeable perfume in fcenting pomatums and the like. But if we may reafon from analogy, this odoriferous fimple might be advantage→ oufly applied to more ufeful purposes; a tincture of it in rectified fpirit of wine, which contains in fmall volume the virtue of a confiderable deal of the wood, bids fair to prove a ferviceable cordial, equal perhaps to any thing of this kind.

(6.) LIGNUM VITE. [n. f. Latin.] Guaiacum ; a very hard wood. (7.)

(7.) Lignum VITE. See GUAIACUM. (1.) LIGNY, a town of France, in the department of the Meuse, and late duchy of Bar, with a castle on the Orney, 9 miles SE. of Bar Le Duc, and 125 SE. of Paris. Lon. 5. 25. E. Lat. 48. 39. N.

(2.) LIGNY LE CHATEAU, a town of France, in the dep. of Yonne, 9 miles NE. of Auxerre.

LIGON, a fea-port of Siam, in Malacca, capital of a territory fo named, with a magazine belonging to the Dutch E. India Company, on the E. coaft. Lon. 1oo. 5. E. Lat. 7. 40. N.

(1.) LIGONIER, John, Earl Ligonier, a brave English general, and field marshal, in the British army, born in 1678. He ferved in all Q. Anne's wars, under the great D. of Marlborough, with high reputation, and was employed in feveral fucceeding wars. He died in 1770, aged 92.

(2.) LIGONIER, a fort of Pennsylvania, 36 miles E. of Pittsburg. Lon. 79. 15. W. Lat. 40. 16. N.

LIGOR, a kingdom of Afia, with its capital of the fame name, fubject to Siam.

LIGUEIL, a town of France, in the department of Indre and Loire, 9 miles SW. of Loches, and 21 SE. of Tours. Lon. o. 52. E. Lat. 47. 3. N. LIGUEUX, a town of France, in the department of Dordogne, 9 miles NNE. of Perigueux.

LIGULATED, adj. among botanifts, an appellation given to fuch flofcules as have a ftraight end turned downwards, with three indentures, but not separated into fegments.

LIGUNY, a town of Poland, in Samogitia. (1.) * LIGURE. n. s. A precious ftone.-The third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst. Exod.

(2.) The LIGURE, in Hebrew antiquity, was the firft ftone in the 3d row of the high priest's breaftplate, and had the name of Gad infcribed on it. Exod. xxviii. 19. It is faid to have been spotted like the ounce. Some fuppose it to be the jacinth.

(1.) LIGURIA, in ancient geography, a country of Italy, bounded on the S. by the Mediterranean fea, on the N. by the Appenine mountains, on the W. by part of Tranfalpine Gaul, and on the E. by Etruria.

(2.) LIGURIA, in modern geography, the modern as well as the ancient name of the ci-devant republic of Genoa. See FRANCE, § 61; and GENOA, § 1, 3, and 5. It forms a part of the new kingdom of Italy. For a recapitulation of the chief events that occurred in this ftate during the late war, fee REVOLUTION and WAR.

LIGURIANS, the ancient inhabitants of LIGURIA. There is a great difagreement among au. thors concerning their origin, though most probably they were defcended from the Gauls. Some carry up their origin as far as the fabulous heroes of antiquity; while others trace them from the LIGYES, a people mentioned by Herodotus as attending Xerxes in his expedition against Greece. They are by fome ancient geographers placed in Colchis; by others, in Albania. According to Diodorus Siculus, the Ligurians led a very wretched life; their country being entirely overgrown

with woods, which they were obliged to pull up by the roots in order to cultivate their land, which was also encumbered with great ftones, and being naturally barren, made but very poor returns for all their labour. They were much addicted to hunting; and, by a life of continual exercise and labour, became fo ftrong, that the weakest Ligurian was generally an overmatch for the ftrongest and most robuft among the Gauls. The women are faid to have been almoft as ftrong as the men, and to have borne an equal share in all laborious enterprises. With all their bravery, however, they were fubdued by the Romans about A. A. C. 211.

LIGUSTICE ALPES, that part of the Alps which borders on the Ligurian republic; now called the MARITIME ALPS.

I. LIGUSTICUM, in botany, LOVAGE, a genus of the digynia order, in the pentandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 45th order, Umbellate. The fruit is oblong, and quinquefulcated on each fide; the florets are equal; the petals involuted or rolled inwards and entire. There are 7 species; the moft remarkable are these :

I. LIGUSTICUM LEVISTICUM, the common lovage, is a native of the Appenine mountains in Italy. It has a thick, fleshy, deeply penetrating perennial root, crowned by very large, many parted, radical leaves, with broad lobes, having incifions at top, upright, ftrong channelled ftalks, branching 6 or 7 feet high, and all the branches terminated by yellow flowers in large umbels. The root agrees nearly in quality with that of ANGELICA: the principal difference is, that the lovage root has a stronger fmell, and fomewhat lefs pungent taste, accompanied with a more durable sweetness, the feeds being rather warmer than the root; but although certainly capable of being applied to useful purposes, is not regarded in the prefent practice.

2. LIGUSTICUM SCOTICUM is a native of Scotland, and grows near the fea. It has a thickish, fleshy, penetrating, perennial root, crowned by large doubly trifoliated leaves, with broad, fhort, indented lobes, upright round stalks, half a yard high, terminated by fmall yellow umbels. The leaves are fometimes eaten raw as a fallad, or boil. ed as greens, by the inhabitants of the Hebrides. The root is reckoned a good carminative. They give an infufion of the leaves in whey to their calves to purge them. Both thefe fpecies are hardy, and eafily propagated by feeds fown in spring or autumn.

(II.) LIGUSTICUM MARE, the N. part of the Tyrrhene Sea; now called the Gulf of Genoa. See GENOA, §4.

LIGUSTRUM, PRIVET, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the diandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 44th order, Sepiaria. The corolla is quadrifid; the berry tetrafpermous. There is but one fpecies; of which there are two varieties, viz.

I. LIGUSTRUM DECIDUUM, the deciduous, and 2. LIGUSTRUM SEMPERVIRENS, the evergreen privet. They are hardy plants, rifing from 10 to

Is feet high, adorned with oblong entire leaves, and fpikes of infundibuliform oblong white flowers, fucceeded by black berries. They are easily propagated by feed, layers, fuckers, or cuttings. They are used for making hedges. The purple colour upon cards is prepared from the berries. With the addition of alum, these berries are faid to dye wool and filk of a good durable green; for which purpose they must be gathered as foon as they are ripe. The leaves are bitter and flightly aftringent. Oxen, goats, and sheep, eat the plant; horfes refuse it.

LIGYES, an ancient nation of Afia, who inhabited the country between the Phafis and Caucafus; though fome place them elsewhere. Herodot. vii. 72. See LESGUIS and LIGURIANS.

LIGYRGUM, a mountain of Arcadia. LIHONS, a town of France, in the dep. of Somme; 9 miles SSW. of Peronne, and 18 E. of Amiens. Lon. 20. 25. E. Ferro. Lat. 50. 15. N. LIKAVA, a town and fort of Hungary. (1.) LIKE. adj. [lic, Saxon; liik, Dutch.] 1. Refembling; having refemblance.-Whom art thou like in thy greatnefs? Exek. xxxi. 2.—

His fon, or one of his illuftrious name, How like the former, and almost the fame! Dryd. -As the earth was defigned for the being of men, why might not all other planets be created for the like ufes, each for their own inhabitants? Bentley. -This plan, as laid down by him, looks liker an univerfal art than a distinct logic. Baker on Learning. 2. Equal; of the fame quantity.-More clergymen were impoverished by the late war, than ever in the like fpace before. Spratt. 3. [For likely.] Probable; credible.-The trials were made, and it is like that the experiment would have been effectual. Bacon. 4. Likely; in a state that gives probable expectations. This is, I think, an improper, though frequent ufe.-If the duke continues these favours towards you, you are like to be much advanced. Shak.-He is like to die for hunger, for there is no more bread. Jer. xxxviii. 5.-The yearly value thereof is already increased double of that it was within these few years, and is like daily to rife higher. Davies.-Hopton refolved to vifit Waller's quarter, that he might judge whether he were like to pursue his purpose. Clarendon. Many were not eafy to be governed, nor like to conform themselves to ftrict rules. Clarendon. If his rules of reafon be not better fuited to the mind than his rules for health are fitted to our bodies, he is not like to be much followed. Baker.

They roar'd like lions caught in toils, and rag'd. Waller. 2. In fuch a manner as befits.-Be strong, and quit yourselves like men. 1 Sam. iv. 9. 3. Likely; probable. A popular use, not analogical.I like the work well, ere it be demanded, As like enough it will, I'd have it copied. Shak. (3.) LIKE. n.. [This fubftantive is feldom more than the adjective ufed elliptically; the like for the like thing, or like perfon.] 1. Some perfon or thing resembling another.

*

He was a man, take him for all and all, I fhall not look upon his like again. Hamlet.

Every like is not the fame, O Cæfar! Shak. —Though there have been greater fleets for number, yet for the bulk of the fhips never the like. Bacon.-Albeit an eagle did bear away a lamb in her talons, yet a raven endeavouring to do the like was held entangled. Hayward.—

One offers, and in offering makes a stay; Another forward fets, and doth no more; A third the like.

His defire

Daniel.

Milton.

By converfation with his like to help, Or folace his defects. -Two likes may be mistaken. L'Estrange.This might their mutual fancy strike, Since ev'ry being loves its like.

Swift.

2. Ufed with had; near approach; a ftate like to another state. A fenfe common, but not juft: perhaps had is a corruption for was.-Report being carried fecretly from one to another in my fhip, had like to have been my utter overthrow. Raleigh.

(1.) * To LIKE. v. a. [lican, Saxon; liiken, Dutch.] 1. To choose with fome degree of preference.-As nothing can be fo reasonably spoken as to content all men, fo this fpeech was not of them all liked. Knolles. He gave fuch an account as made it appear that he liked the defign. Clarend.

We like our present circumstances well, and dream of no change. Atterbury.-2. To approve; to view with approbation, not fondness. Though they did not like the evil he did, yet they liked him that did the evil. Sidney.-He grew content to mark their speeches, then to marvel at such wit in fhepherds, after to like their company. Sidney.-He proceeded from looking to liking, and from liking to loving. Sidney.—

For feveral virtues I have lik'd feveral women; never any With fo full foul.

Shak.

I look'd upon her with a foldier's eye, That lik'd, but had a rougher task in hand Than to drive liking to the name of love. Shak.

mine whether it be adverb or adjective.—

The joyous nymphs, and lightfoot fairies, Which thither came to hear their mufic fweet, Now hearing them fo heavily lament, Like heavily lamenting from them went. Spenf. -Like as a father pitieth his children, so the Lord pitieth them that fear him. Pfal. ciii. 13.-Are we proud and paffionate, malicious and revengeful? Is this to be like-minded with Chrift, who was meek and lowly? Tillotson.

What will be my confufion, when he fees me Neglected, and forfaken like himself. Phillips. VOL. XIII. PART I.

but by firft practifing it himself. South.

Beafts can like, but not diftinguish too, Nor their own liking by reflection know. Dryd. 3. To please; to be agreeable to. Now difufed.—

If

Well hoped he, ere long that hardy gueft, ever covetous hand, or luftful eye,

Or lips he laid on thing that lik’d him best, Should be his prey.

Fairy Q.

Say, my fair brother now, if this device Do like you, or may you to like entice. Hubb. This defire being recommended to her majeftv,

Hh

is liked her to include the fame within one entire leafe. Bacon.-He fhall dwell where it liketh him beft. Deut.

There let them learn, as likes them, to despise God and Meffiah. Milton. (2.) * To LIKE. V. n. 1. To be pleased with: with of before the thing approved. Obfolete.Of any thing more than of God they could not by any means like. Hooker. The young soldiers-did with fuch cheerfulness like of this refolution, that they thought two days a long delay. Knolles. 2. To choofe; to lift; to be pleased.-The man likes not to take his brother's wife. Deut.-He that has the prifon doors fet open is perfectly at liberty, because he may either go or ftay, as he best likes. Locke.

*LIKELIHOOD. Į n. f. [from likely.] 1. Appear*LIKELINESS. ance; fhow. Obfolete.What of his heart perceive you in his face, By any likelihood he fhow'd to-day? Shak. 2. Refemblance; likeness. Obfolete.

As by a low, but loving likelihood,
Were now the general of our gracious emprefs,
As in a good time he may, from Ireland com-
ing,

How many would the peaceful city quit To welcome him? Shak. Hen. V. -There is no likelihood between pure light and black darkness, or between righteoufnefs and reprobation. Raleigh. 3. Probability; verifimilitude; appearance of truth.-As it noteth one fuch to have been in that age, fo, had there been more, it would by likelihood as well have noted many. Hook. -Many of likelihood informed me of this before. Shak

It never yet did hurt,

To lay down likelihood, and forms of hope. Shak. -As there is no likelihood that the place could be fo altered, so there is no probability that these rivers were turned out of their courses. Raleigh. -Where things are leaft to be put to the venture, as the eternal interests of the other world ought to be; there every, even the leaft, probability, or like lihood of danger, fhould be provided againft. South. -There are predictions of our Saviour recorded by the evangelifts, which were not completed till after their deaths, and had no likelihood of being fo when they were pronounced by our bleffed Saviour. Addifon-Thus, in all likelihood, would it be with a libertine, who fhould have a vifit from the other world: the first horror it raised would go off, as new diverfions come on. Atterbury.

(1.) LIKELY. adj. [from like.] 1. Such as may be liked; fuch as may please. Obfolete.Thefe young companions make themselves believe they love at the first looking of a likely beauty. Sidney-Sir John, they are your likelieft men; I would have you ferved with the beft. Shak. 2. Probable; fuch as may in reafon be thought or believed; fuch as may be thought more reafonable than the contrary: as, a likely ftory, that is a credible ftory.

*

Milton.

* LIKENESS. n. f. [from like.] 1. Resemblance; fimilitude.

They all do live, and moved are To multiply the likeness of their kind. Spenfer. -Tranflation is a kind of drawing after the life, where there is a double sort of likeness, a good one and a bad one. Dryden.-There will be found a better likeness and a worfe; and the better is conftantly to be chofen. Dryden. 2. Form; appearance.-Never came trouble to my house in the likeness of your grace; for trouble being gone, comfort fhould remain. Shak.-It is fafer to stand upon our guard against an enemy in the likeness of a friend, than to embrace any man for a friend in the likeness of an enemy. L'Efirange. 3. One who resembles another; a copy; a counterpart

Poor Cupid, fobbing, scarce could speak,
Indeed, mamma, I do not know ye:
Alas! how eafy my mistake?

Prior,

I took you for your likeness Chloe. * LIKEWISE. adv. [like and wife.] In like manner; alfo; moreover; too.-Jefus faid unto them, I alfo will alk you one thing, which, if ye tell me, I likewife will tell you by what authority I do these things. Matt. xxi. 24.-So was it in the decay of the Roman empire, and likewife in the empire of Almaigne, after Charles the Great, every bird taking a feather. Bacon.-Spirit of vitriol poured to pure unmixed ferum, coagulates it as if it had been boiled. Spirit of fea-falt makes a perfect coagulation of the ferum likewife, but with fome different phænomena. Arbuthnot.

LI-KIANG-TOU, a city of China of the Ift rank, in the prov. of Yan-nan, near the fource of the Yang-Con-Kiang; furrounded by mountains, abounding with pine-apples, amber, gold mines, &c. It is 1150 miles SW. of Peking. Lon. 117. 50. E. Ferro. Lat. 26. 52. N.

*

(1.) LIKING. adj. [Perhaps because plumpnefs is agreeable to the fight.] Plump; in a ftate of plumpnefs.-I fear my lord the king, who hath appointed your meat and your drink; for why fhould he fee your faces worse liking, than the children which are of your fort. Dan. i. 10.

*

(2.) LIKING. n. f. [from like.] 1. Good ftate of body; a plumpnefs.-I'll repent, and that fuddenly, while I am in fome liking; I fhall be out of heart fhortly, and then I shall have no ftrength to repent. Shak.-Their young ones are in good liking; they grow up with corn. Job xxxix. 4.Cappadocian flaves were famous for their luftinefs; and, being in good liking, were fet on a ftall, when expofed to fale, to fhow the good habit of their body. Dryden. 2. State of trial.

The royal foul, that, like the lab'ring moon, By charms of art was hurried down; Forc'd with regret to leave her native sphere, Came but a while on liking here, Dryd.

3. Inclination.

Why do you longer feed on loathed light, Or liking find to gaze on earthly mold? Fairy Q. (3.)* LIKING.

(3.) * LIKING. 2. f. [from the verb.] Delight in; pleasure in: to. He who has no liking to the whole, ought in reason to be excluded from cenfuring of the parts. Dryden.

(1.) * LILACH. n. f. [lilac, lilás, Fr.] A tree.The white thorn is in leaf, and the lilach tree. Bacon.

(2.) LILACH, or LILAC. See SYRINGA. LILEA, a town of Achaia, on the Cephifus. LILBURNE, John, an enthufiaftic English republican, born in 1618, and defcended of an ancient family in Durham. He was bred a clothier, but, turning puritan, he gave up business in 1636, and became affiftant to Dr BASTWICK, in whofe fufferings he shared. For going to Holland to get Baftwick's Merry Liturgy printed, he was on his return, in 1637, tyrannically punished by the ftarchamber court; being put in the pillory, whipped, fined, and imprisoned, loaded with heavy irons, for publishing pamphlets, reflecting on the church of England and its bishops, particularly Prynne's News from Ipfwich. In 1641, he was releafed by the long parliament; and from that period, made himself formidable to all parties, by his bold, afpiring genius. He fignalized himself in the parliament's army, in which he was made a major in 1643, and a colonel in 1644. He was at one time the secret friend and confident of Cromwell, and at another his avowed enemy and accufer; fo that, in 1650, Cromwell found it his intereft to filence him by a grant of 3000l. out of fome forfeited estates. Yet after this, he grew outrageous against the protector's government; became chief of the levellers; and was twice tried for high treafon, but acquitted by the juries. The laft was for returning from exile, having been banifhed by the parliament. After this he fettled at Eltham, where he joined the Quakers; and died Aug. 29, 1657, aged 39. His funeral was attended by 4000 perfons. His brother Robert was a major-general in Cromwell's army. He wrote his Chriftian Man's Trial, in 1637, 4to, and many fimilar pieces while in prison.

LILIACEOUS. adj. in botany an appellation given to fuch flowers as refemble thofe of the lily. LILIED. adj. [from lily] Embellished with lilies.

Milton.

Nymphs and fhepherds dance no more By fandy Ladon's lilied banks. LILIENSTEIN, a town of Upper Saxony. (1.) LILIENTHAL, Michael, a learned Pruffian, who was profeffor at Koningsberg and wrote feveral differtations on various fubjects, inferted in the Memoirs of the Academy at Berlin; with other works. He died in 1750.

(2.) LILIENTHAL, a town of Saxony, in Meiffen. LI-LIN, a town of China, in Hou-Quang. LILIUM, the LILY, in botany a genus of the monogynia order, belonging to the hexandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 10th order, Coronaria. The corolla is hexapetalous and campanulated, with a longitudinal nectariferous line or furrow; the capfules connected by fmail cancellated hairs. There are many fpecies, all bulbous-rooted, herbaceous, flowery perennials, rifing with erect annual ftalks 3 or 4 feet high, garnished with long narrow leaves, and

terminated by clusters of large, bell-shaped, hexapetalous flowers of exceeding great beauty, of white, red, fcarlet, orange, purple, and yellow colours. All the fpecies are propagated by fowing the feeds; and if care is taken to preferve these feeds from good flowers, very beautiful varieties are often produced. The manner of sowing them is as follows: Some fquare boxes fhould be procured, about 6 inches deep, with holes bored in the bottoms to let out the wet; these must be filled with fresh, light, fandy earth; and the feeds fown upon them pretty thick in the beginning of Auguft, and covered over about half an inch deep with light fifted earth of the fame kind. They fhould then be placed where they may have the morning fun; and if the weather proves dry, they must be watered at times, and the weeds carefully picked out. In October the boxes are to be removed to a place where they may have as much fun as poffible, and be fecured from the N. and NE. winds. In fpring the young plants will appear, and the boxes are then removed into their former fituation. In August the smallest roots are to be emptied out of these boxes, ftrewed over a bed of light earth, and covered with about half an inch depth of the fame earth fifted over them. Here they must be watered, shaded at times, and defended from the feverity of winter by a flight covering of straw in the hardeft weather. In Feb. the furface of the bed fhould be cleared, and a little light earth fifted over it. When the leaves are decayed, the earth fhould be a little stirred over the roots; and in the month of September following fome more earth fifted on. In the September of the following year, the roots must be trans planted to the places where they are to remain, and fet at the diftance of eight inches; the roots being placed four inches below the furface: this fhould be done in moift weather. They will now require the fame care as in the preceding winters; and, the fecond year after they are tranfplanted, the ftrongest roots will begin to flower. The fine ones fhould then be removed at the proper season into flower beds, and planted at great diftances from one another, that they may flower ftrong. The roots of the white lily are emollient, maturating, and greatly fuppurative. They are used externally in cataplafms for thefe purposes. The common form of applying them is boiled and bruifed; but fome prefer roafting them till tender, and then beating them to a pafte with oil, in which form they are faid to be excellent against burns. Gerard recommends them internally against dropfies.

LILIUM KAMTSCHATENSE, or Kamtfchatka ily, called there SARANNE, makes a principal part of the food of the Kamtschatkans. Its roots are gathered by the women in Auguft, dried in the fun, and laid up for ufe: they are the best bread of the country; and after being baked are reduced to powder, and ferve instead of flour in foups and feveral dishes. They are fometimes washed, and eaten as potatoes; are extremely nourishing, and have a pleasant bitterifh tafte. Our navigators boiled and eat them with their meat. The natives often parboil and beat them up with several forts of berries, fo as to form a very agreeable conferHha

tion.