The timber is ufed by carvers and turners. Thefe trees continue found many years, and grow to a confiderable bulk. Sir Thomas Brown mentions one in Norfolk, 16 yards in circuit. Miller.— two different fenfes: 1. The Limbus Patrum, or limb of the patriarchs, is said to be the place where the patriarchs waited the redemption of mankind: in this place they fuppofe our Saviour's foul continued from the time of his death to his refurrection. 2. The limbus of infants dying without baptifm, is a place fuppofed to be diftinct both from heaven and hell; fince, fay the Catholics, children dying innocent of any actual fin, do not deferve hell; and, by reafon of their original fin, cannot be admitted into heaven; although our Saviour himself exprefsly fays, “Of such is the kingdom of heaven.' LIMCHEOU, a town of China, in Pe-tcheli. (1.) * LIME. n. f. [lim, gelyman, Saxon, to glue.] 1. A viscous fubftance drawn over twigs, which catches and entangles the wings of birds that light upon it.- Poor bird! thou'dft never fear the net or lime, The pitfal, nor the gin. Shak. Macbeth. You must lay lime, to tangle her defires, Shak. By wailful fonnets. Dryden. Or court a wife, fpread out his wily parts, Like nets, or lime twigs, for rich widows hearts. Pope. 2. Matter of which mortar is made: fo called because used in cement.-There are fo many fpecies of lime ftone, that we are to understand by it in general any stone that, upon a proper degree of heat, becomes a white calx, which will make a great ebullition and noise on being thrown into water, falling into a loose white powder at the bottom. The lime we have in London is ufually made of chalk, which is weaker than that made of ftone. Hill's Mat. Med.-They were now, like fand without lime, ill bound together, efpecially as many as were English, who were at a gaze, looking strange one upon another, not knowing who was faithful to their fide. Bacon's Henry VII. As when a lofty pile is rais'd, We never hear the workmen prais'd, Who bring the lime, or place the ftones, But all admire Inigo Jones. Swift. -Lime is commonly made of chalk, or of any fort of stone that is not fandy, or very cold. Mortimer. (2.) LIME, § 1, def. 2. See QUICKLIME. (3.) LIME, in geography. See LYME. (4.) LIME, a town of Connecticut, 7 miles W. of New London. (5.) LIME, BROOK. See VERONICA, N° 1. (6.) * LIME TREE, or LINDEN. n. f. [Lind, Sax. tilia, Lat.] 1. The linden tree.-The flower confifts of feveral leaves, placed orbicularly, in the form of a rofe, having a long narrow leaf growing to the footftalk of each clufter of flowers, from whofe cup rifes the pointal, which becomes tefticulated, of one capfule, containing an oblong feed, VOL. XIII. PART I. 2. For her the limes their pleafing fhades deny, For her the lilies hang their heads, and die. Pope. A fpecies of lemons, [lime, French.] Bear me, Pomona! to thy citron groves! To where the lemon and the piercing lime, With the deep orange glowing thro' the green Their lighter glories blend. Thomson's Summer. (7.) LIME TREE, § 4, def. 1. See TILIA. (8.) LIME TREE, § 4 def. 2. See CITRUS. *To LIME. v. a. [from lime.] 1. To entangle ; to enfnare. Oh bofom, black as death! Shak. Example, that fo terribly shows in the wreck of maidenhood, cannot, for all that, diffuade fucceffion, but that they are limed with the twigs that threaten them. Shak. The bird that hath been limed in a bush, With trembling wings misdoubteth ev'ry bush, And I, the hapless male to one sweet bird, Have now the fatal object in my eye, Where my poor young was lim'd, was caught, and kill'd. Shak. 2. To fmear with lime. I myself have lim'd a bufh for her, Shakespeare. -Thofe twigs in time will come to be limed, and then you are all loft if you do but touch them. L'Efir. 3. To cement. This fenfe is out of use. I will not ruinate my father's house, Who gave his blood to lime the ftones together, And fet up Lancaster. 4, Shak. To manure ground with lime.-Encouragement that abatement of intereft gave to landlords and tenants, to improve by draining, marling, and liming. Child.-All forts of peafe love limed or marled land. Mortimer. * LIMEKILN. 7. f. [lime and kiln.] Kiln where ftones are burnt to lime.-The counter gate is as hateful to me as the reek of a lime-kiln. Shakesp. They were found in a lime-kiln, and having palled the fire, each is a little vitrified. Woodward. (1.) LIMERICK, a county of Ireland, in the province of Munster, bounded on the E. by Tipperary, W. by Kerry, N. by the Shannon, and S. by Cork. It is fruitful and populous; the foil requiring little or no manure in moft places; befides excellent pafture for cattle, it produces rich crops of all kinds of corn, with rape and fome hemp. It contains 375,320 Irifh plantation acres, about 56 churches, a great number of parities, 6 baronies, and 3 boroughs. It has fome elay, furze, fern, and mountain lands, and is famous for good cider. It was much benefited by the palatines, who fettled there and cultivated husbandry. It is well watered; the Shannon runs on the N. fide of the county, and fertilizes its banks. The fuel is chiefly turf. At Loghill, there is a mine of coal or culm, chiefly ufed in kilns. The chief lake is Lough Gur; and the principal hills are, KnockIi greny, greny, Knockany, Knock firing, and Tory, but the higheft is Knockpatrick. This county is about 45 miles long and 42 broad. Before the Union, it fent 8 members to parliament. whereby the citizens were allowed to choose mayors and bailiffs, Adam Servant, in 1198, being the first mayor. It continued to be thus governed, until the office of bailiff was changed to that of fheriff, in 1609. Limerick is 50 miles N. of Cork, 50 SSE. of Galway, 73 WNW. of Waterford, and 95 SW. of Dublin. Lon. 8. 30. W. Lat. 52. 35. Ñ. (3.) LIMERICK, a town of Ireland, in Wexford, Leinfter. It has 4 fairs. (4.) LIMERICK, a township of the United States, in the district of Maine, and county of York, 114 miles N. of Boston. (5.) LIMERICK, a township of Pennsylvania, in Montgomery county. (1.)* LIMESTONE. n. f. [lime and flone.] The ftone of which lime is made.-Fire ftone and lime fone, if broke fmall, and laid on cold lands, muit be of advantage. Mortimer. (2.) LIMESTONE, a poft town of Kentucky, on a creek of the Ohio, the general landing place of emigrants, who fail down that river. LIMEUIL, a town of France, in the dep. of Dordogne, 20 miles S. of Perigueux. * (1.) LIME-WATER. n. f. Lime-quater, made by pouring water upon quicklime, with fome other ingredients to take off its ill flavour, is of great fervice internally in all cutaneous eruptions, and difeafes of the lungs. Hill's Mat. Med. He tried an experiment on wheat infufed in lime-water alone, and fome in brandy and lime-water mixed, and had from each grain a great increase. Mortimer's Husbandry. (2.) LIME WATER. See PHARMACY, Index. (2.) LIMERICK, or LOUGH-MEATH, a market town, borough, and bifhop's fee of Ireland, the metropolis of the above county as well as of the province of Munfter. It is feated on the Shannon, 94 miles from Dublin; and was once the ftrongeft fortrefs in the kingdom. Its ancient name was LUNNEACH; during the firft ages it was much frequented by foreign merchants, and after the arrival of the Danes was a place of confiderable trade till the 12th century. It was plundered by Mahon, brother of Brien Borom, after the battle of Sulchoid, in 970; and Brien afterwards exacted from the Danes of this city 365 tons of wine as a tribute, which fhows the extenfive traffic carried on by those people in that article. About A. D. 550, St Munchin founded a bishopric and built a church, which, however, was deftroyed by the Danes on their taking this port in 853, and remained in ruins until their converfion in the roth century; when the church of St Munchin was rebuilt, and the bishopric re-established. Donald O'Brien, about the time of the arrival of the English, founded and endowed the cathedral; and Donat O'Brien, Bp. of Limerick, in the 13th century, contributed much to the opulence of the fee. About the clofe of the 12th century, the bifhopric of Innis-Cathay was united to that of Limerick. It was befieged by king William III. in 1690, but without being taken. On the 21ft Sept. 1691, it was befieged by the English and Dutch, and furrendered on the 13th October, after lofing many men; but the garrifon had very honourable terms. At that period, it was reckoned the 2d city in Ireland, but has fince loft its rank, not becaufe it thrives lefs, but because Cork thrives more. It is compofed of the Irish and English towns; the latter ftands on the King's ifland, formed by the Shannon. It is 3 miles in circumference; has markets on Wed. and Sat. and fairs on Eafter Tuesday, 1st July, 4th Auguft, and 12th Dec. During 15 days, that the fairs laft in Auguit, no perfon can be arrefted in the city or li-a berties, on any procefs iffuing out of the Thoffel court of Limerick. It is governed by a mayor, fheriffs, recorder, aldermen, and burgeffes; there is alfo a barrack, a military governor and townmajor. It had once the privilege of coinage; and different parliaments have been held in it. It was formerly walled, and in 1760, there were 17 of the gates ftanding; but to the great improvement of the place they are now all demolished, except the water-gate of king John's caftle. Linen, woollen, and paper manufactures, are carried on here to great extent, and the export of provifions is confiderable. It has many hofpitals and public buildings, befides the cathedral and churches. A charter was granted to it by king John, and confirm--If a king come in by conqueft, he is no longer ed in fucceeding reigns. About fix miles from a limited monarch. Seuift. 2. To reftrain from a this is the famous Caftle-connelfpa. Limerick lax or general fignification: as, the universe is bere obtained the privilege of having mayors ro years limited to this earth. before that right was allowed to the citizens of London. Its first provoft was John Stafford, in 1195 and 1197; and during the provoftship of Henry Troy, a charter was granted by Richard I. (r.)* LIMIT. n. f. [limite, Fr. limitor, Lat.] Bound; border; utmost reach.-The whole limit of the mountain round about shall be most holy. Exod. xliii. 12.— We went, great emperor, by thy command, To view the utmoft limits of the land. Dryd. (2.) LIMIT, in a reftrained fenfe, is ufed by mathematicians for a determined quantity to which variable one continually approaches; in which fenfe, the circle may be faid to be the limit of its circumfcribed and infcribed polygons. (3.) LIMIT, in algebra, is applied to two quantitics, one of which is greater and the other lefs than another quantity: and in this fenfe it is used in fpeaking of the limits of equations, whereby their folution is much facilitated. *To LIMIT. v. a. [limiter, French, from the noun.] 1. To confine within certain bounds; to reftrain; to circumfcribe; not to leave at large. -They tempted God, and limited the Holy One of Ifrael. Pfal. Ixxviii. 41.— There is boundlefs theft Shak. * LIMITANEOUS. adj. [from limit.] Belonging to the bounds. Dictionary. * LIMITARY. adj. [from limit.] Placed at the boundaries as a guard or fuperintendant.— Then Then, when I am thy captive, talk of chains, Proud limitary cherub! Milton. * LIMITATION. n. f. [limitation, French; limitatio, Latin.] 1. Restriction; circumfcription.-Limitation of each creature is both the perfection and preservation thereof. Hooker.— Am I yourself, But, as it were, in fort of limitation? Shak. -I despair, how this limitation of Adam's empire to his line and pofterity, will help us to one heir. This limitation, indeed, of our author, will fave those the labour, who would look for him among the race of brutes; but will very little contribute to the discovery amongst men. Locke.If a king come in by conqueft, he is no longer a limited monarch; if he afterwards confent to limitations, he becomes immediately king de jure. Swift. 2. Confinement from a lax or undeterminate import.-The eaufe of error is ignorance, what restraints and limitations all principles have in regard to the matter whereunto they are applicable. Hooker. LIMMAT, a river of Switzerland, which rifes in the Alps, 11 miles S. of Glarus, where it is called LINTH; and after paffing Glarus joins the Mat, near lake Wellenftadt, where it is named Limmat; after which it runs through the lake of Zurich, and joins the Aar, 3 miles N. of Baden. LIMME, a town of Kent, near Hithe, 4 miles from Romney, formerly a port, till choaked up by the fands. It has fill the horn, mace, and other tokens of its ancient grandeur; having been the place where the lord warden of the cinque ports was fworn at his entrance upon his office. The Roman road from Canterbury, called STANESTREET, ended here; and from the brow of the hill may be feen the ruinous Roman walls almost at the bottom of the marshes. Its ancient caftle is now converted into a farm-houfe. It has great marks of antiquity, as well as the adjoining church. * LIMMER. n. f. A mongrel. *To LIMN. v. a. [enluminer, French, to adorn books with pictures.] To draw; to paint any thing.- Mine eye doth his effigies witnefs, Mon truly limn'd, and living in your face. Shak. -Emblems limned in lively colours. Peacham. How are the glories of the field fpun, and by what pencil are they limned in their unaffected bravery? Glanville. LIMNÆ, in ancient geography; 1. a fortified town on the borders of Laconia and Melina: 2. Another in the Thracian Cherfonefus. LIMNATIDIA, a festival held in honour of Diana at Limnæ. * LIMNER. n. /. [corrupted from enulmineur, a decorator of books with initial pictures.] A painter; a picture-maker.--That divers limners at a distance, without either copy or defign, fhould draw the fame picture to an undiftinguishable exactnefs, is more conceivable than that matter, which is fo diverfified, should frame itself fo unerringly, accordingly to the idea of its kind. Glanville. Poets are limners of another kind, To copy out ideas in the mind; Words are the paint by which their thoughts are shown, And nature is their object to be drawn. Granv. LIMNING, the art of painting in water-colours, in contradiftinction to painting which is done in oil colours. Limning is the moft ancient kind of painting. Till John Van Eick found out the art of painting in oil, the painters all painted in water and in fresco. (See EICK.) When they ufed boards, they ufually glued a fine linen cloth over them, to prevent their opening; then laid on a ground of white; and laftly mixed up their colours with water and fize, or with water and yolks of eggs, well beaten with the branches of a fig-tree, the juice whereof thus mixed with the eggs; and with this mixture they painted their pieces. In limning, all colours are proper, except the white made of lime, which is only used in fresco. The azure and ultramarine must always be mixed with fize or gum; but there are always applied two layers of hot fize before the fize-colours are laid on: the colours are all ground in water each by itself; and, as they are required in working, are diluted with fize-water. When the piece is finished, go over it with the white of an egg well beaten; and with varnish, if required. To limn or draw a face in colours: having all the materials in readiness, lay the prepared colour on the card even and thin, free from hairs and fpots over the place where the picture is to be. The ground being laid, and the party placed in a due pofition, begin the work, which is to be done at three fittings. At the firft you are only to dead-colour the face, which will require about two hours. At the 2d fitting, go over the work more curiously, adding its particular graces or deformities. At the 3d fitting, finish the whole; carefully remarking whatever may conduce to render the piece perfect, as the caft of the eyes, moles, fcars, geftures and the like. See DRAWING, Sec. V.—VII. tween Pembrokeshire and Ireland, now called LIMNUS, in ancient geography, an island beRAMSAY. LIMOGES, an ancient trading town of France, prov. of Guienne, and ci-devant capital of Limocapital of the dep. of Upper Vienne; lately in the fin. Its horfes are in great efteem. It is feated on the Vienne, 50 miles NE. of Perigueux, and 110 E. of Bourdeaux: containing about 13,0co citizens. Lon. 1. 20. E. Lat. 45. 50. N. SW. of Port Liberty. (1.) LIMONE, a town of France, in the military department of Piedmont, and late county of Tenda; 6 miles NE. of Tenda, and 10 S. of Coni. (2.) LIMONE, a town in Negropont isle. (1.) LIMONES, a river in the ifle of Cuba. Havannah. (2.) LIMONES, a town of Cuba, 50 miles S. of LIMONIA, an island 6 miles W. of Rhodes. LIMONUM, a town of ancient Gaul, afterwards called PICTAVI, now POITIERS. LIMOSIN, a province of France, bounded on the N. by La Marche, E. by Auvergne, S. by Quercy, and W. by Perigord and Angoumois. 1i2 It * LIMPIDNESS. n. f. [from limpid.] Clearnefs; purity. * LIMPINGLY. adv. [from limp.] In a lame halting manner. It was divided into the Upper and Lower; the former of which is very cold, but the latter temperate. It is covered with forests of chefnut trees; and contains mines of lead, copper, tin, and iron; but its principal trade is in cattle and horfes. It now forms the dep. of Upper Vienne. LIMOUGNE, a town of France, in the dep. of Lot, 9 m. N. of Caylus, and 13 E. of Cahors. LIMOURS, a town of France, in the dep. of Seine and Oife, 9 miles S. of Verfailles, and 17 SSW. of Paris. * LIMOUS. adj. limofus. Latin.] Muddy; flimy. That country became a gained ground by the muddy and limous matter brought down by the Nilus, which fettled by degrees unto a firm land. Brown. They efteemed this natural melancholick acidity to be the limous or flimy fæculent part of the blood. Floyer. LIMOUX, a town of France, in the dep. of Aude, and ci-devant prov. of Languedoc. It is famed for its wine, called la Blanquette de Limoux, or the Perry of Limoux, and has a cloth manufactory. It is feated on the Aude, 37 miles W. by S. of Narbonne, and 50 SE. of Toulouse. Lon. 2. 16. E. Lat. 50. 24. N. LIMOZINIERE, a town of France, in the dep. of Lower Loire; 9 miles E. of Machecoul. *LIMP. adj. impio, Italian.] 1. Vapid; weak. Not in use.→→The chub eats waterish, and the flesh of him is not firm, limp, and taftelefs. Walion's Angler. 2. It is ufed in fome provinces, and in Scotland, for limber, flexile. * To LIMP. v. n. [limpen, Saxon.] to walk lamdy.- An old poor man, Who after me hath many a weary ftep Limp'd in pure love. Son of fixteen, To halt; Shak. Can fyllogifm fet things right? Dryd. No: majors foon with minors fight; Or both in friendly confort join'd, The confequence limps falfe behind. Prior. LIMPACH, a town of Germany in Austria, 4 miles NNE. of Altenmark. (1.) LIMPET. 2. f. a kind of shell fish. Ainfw. (2.) LIMPET. See PATELLA, No. II. * LIMPID. adj. [limpide, Fr. limpidus, Lat.] Clear; pure; tranfparent.-The fprings which were clear, fresh, and limpid, become thick and turbid, and impregnated with fulphur as long as the earthquake lafts. Woodward. The brook that purls along Thomfon. (1.) LIMPURG, a barony of Germany, in Franconia, inclosed almoft entirely within Suabia, and feated on the S. of Hall. It is about 15 miles long, and 8 broad. Gaildorf and Shonburg, near which is the caftle of Limpurg, are the chief towns. (2.) LIMPURG, a town of Germany, formerly in the electorate of Treves, but now annexed to the French republic, by the treaties of Luneville and Amiens. It appears to be included in the dep. of the Rhine and Mofelle. It is feated on the Lhon. Lon. 8. 13. E. Lat. 50. 18. N. *LIMY. adj. [from lime.] 1. Viscous; gluti nous. Striving more, the more in laces strong In limy fnares the fubtile loops among. Spenf. 2. Containing lime.-A human skull covered with the skin, having been buried in fome limy foil, was tanned, or turned into a kind of leather. Grew. LIMYRA, an ancient town of Lycia. (1.) LIN, or LINN. n. f. [Gael. leum, i. e. a leap or fall] a cataract, cascade, or water-fall. This word is nearly obfolete, but is ftill ufed as part of the names of feveral cataracts in this country. See N° 2; BONNITON, N° 2; Corra, No 4; &c. (2.) LIN OF CAMPSEY, a cataract of the Tay, in the W. end of the parish of Cargill, about a mile from Kinclavin, where the river falls over a rugged bafaltic dike. It is very deep, and contains great quantities of fine falmon, which 'draw about 80 l. a-year to Lord Dunmore the pro prietor. To LIN. v. a. [ablinnan, Saxon.] To yield; to give over. Unto his foe he came, Or foon to lose before he once would lin. F. Q. LINACRE, Thomas, M. D. was born at Canterbury about 1460, and there educated under the learned William Selling; thence he removed to Oxford, and in 1484 was chofen fellow of AllSouls college. Selling, being appointed ambassador from K. Henry VII. to the Pope, Linacre accompanied him to Rome, where he attained the highest perfection in Greek and Latin, and ftudied Ariftotle and Galen, in the original. On his return to Oxford, he was graduated, and chofen profeffor of medicine. He was foon after called to court by Henry VII. to attend Prince Arthur as his tutor and phyfician. He was afterwards appointed phyfician to the king, and on his death, to Henry VII. He founded two medical lectures at Oxford, and one at Cambridge; and immortalized his name by being the firft founder of the college of phyficians in London, Obferving the wretched ftate of phyfic, he applied to Cardinal Wolfey, and obtained a patent in 1518, incorporating the phyficians of London, in order to prevent illiterate and ignorant medicafters from practising the art. Dr Linacre was the first prefident, rivers are the Humber, Trent, Witham, Nenn, Welland, Ankham, and Dun. It is divided into three parts, Lindsay, Keftovan, and Holland; the air of which laft is unwholesome, on account of the fens and marshes. The foil of the N. and W. parts is very fertile, and abounds in corn and paftures. The E. and S. parts are not proper for corn; but abound with fish and fowls, particularly ducks and geefe. By its inland navigation, this county has communication with the rivers Mersey, Dee, Ribble, Aufe, Darwent, Severn, Thames, Avon, &c. which navigation, including its windings, extends above 500 miles through divers counties. fident, and held the office as long as he lived. Their meetings were held in his own houfe in Knight-rider ftreet, which house he bequeathed to the college. When he was about the age of 50, he took it into his head to study divinity; ented into orders; and was collated, in 1509, to the rectory of Merfham; inftalled prebendary of Wells, in 1518 prebendary of York, and in 1519 was admitted precentor of that cathedral, which he refigned for other preferments. He died of the ftone in Oct. 1524, aged 64; and was buried in St. Paul's. Dr Caius, or Kay, 33 years after his death, caufed a monument to be erected to his memory, with a Latin infcription, containing the outlines of his life and character. He was a man of great natural parts, a fkilful phyfician, a profound grammarian, and one of the beft Greek and Latin fcholars of his time. Erafmus in his epiftles fpeaks highly of his translations from Galen, preferring them even to the original Greek. His works are, 1. De emandata fructura Latini fermonis, libri fex; Lond. printed by Pynfon, 1524, 8vo, and by Stephens, 1547, 1532. 2. The rudiments of grammar, for the use of the princess Mary, by Pynfon. Buchanan tranflated it into Latin; Paris, 1536. He likewife tranflated into very elegant Latin, feveral of Galen's works, printed chiefly abroad at different times. Alfo Procli Diadochi fphæra, from the Greek; Venet. 1499, 1500. LINAN, a river of Wales, in Carnarvonshire. LINANGE. See LEININGEN. LINANT, Michael, a French poet of the 18th century, who published many pieces of confider. able merit. He was an intimate friend of M. Voltaire, and obtained the Royal Academy's prize 3- times. He died in 1749. LINARES, a town of Spain in Arragon. (1.) LINARIA. See ANTIRRHINUM, NO (2.) LINARIA, in zoology. See FRINGILLA, N° 7. LINARYD, a town of Sweden, in Smaland. LINATO, a town of Italy, in the department of Olona, and district (ci-devant duchy) of Milan. LINBARES, a town of Portugal, in the province of Tra-los-Montes, 20 miles S. of Mirandola. LINCASII, an ancient people of Gallia Narbonenfis. LINCELLES. See LINSELLES. LINCHAN, a town of China, in Honan. LINCHANCHI, a town of Mexico, in Yucatan, 10 miles from Selem. Lon. 87. 50. W. Lat. 20. 40. N. LINCHE, or LINKE, a ftrong town of France, in the dep. of the North, and ci-devant prov. of French Flanders, 10 miles SW. of Dunkirk. Lon. 2. 20. E. Lat. 51. o. N. * LINCHPIN. n.. An iron pin that keeps the wheel on the axle-tree. Dia. (1.) LINCOLN, or LINCOLN-SHIRE, a maritime county of England, 77 miles long and 48 broad; bounded on the E. by the German ocean, W. by Nottingham, N. by Yorkshire, and S. by Rutland, Northampton, and Cambridge fhires. It contains about 4590 houfes, 24,340 inhabitants, 631 parifhes, and 31 market towns, whereof 5 fend 2 members each to parliament, which, with two for the county, make 12 in all. The principal (2.) LINCOLN, the capital of the above county, is feated on the fide of a hill; at the bottom of which runs the Witham in 3 fmall channels, over which are feveral bridges. The name is derived by fome from Lindi Colonia, the colony of Lindum, contracted firft to LINDOCOLNIA, and afterwards to Lincoln, which feems a very probable etymology. The ancient LINDUM of the Britons, which food on the top of the hill, as appears from the vesti-ges of a rampart, and deep ditches ftill remaining, was taken and demolished by the Saxons; who built a town upon the S. fide of the hill down to the river fide, which was feveral times taken by the Danes, and as often retaken by the Saxons. In Edward the Confeffor's time, it ap pears, from Doomsday book, to have been a very confiderable place; and in the time of the Normans, Malmsbury fays, it was one of the most populous cities in England. William I. built a castle upon the fummit of the hill above the town. Though the other churches are mean, the cathedral is a moft magnificent piece of Gothic architecture. It has a prodigious large bell, called Tom of Lincoln, near 5 tons in weight, and 23 feet in compafs. The hill on which the church ftande is fo high, and the church fo lofty, that it may be feen 50 miles to the N. and 30 to the S. Belides other tombs, it contains one of brass, in which are the entrails of Queen Eleanor, wife of Edward I. There were anciently 52 churches, now reduced to 14. Such is the magnificence and elevation of the cathedral, that the monks thought the fight of it must be very mortifying to the devil; whence it came to be faid of one who was displeased, that be looked like the devil over Lincoln. The declivi, ty, on which the city is built, being steep, the communication betwixt the upper and lower town is very troublesome, and coaches and horfes are obliged to make a circuit. Edward III. made this city a ftaple for wool, leather, lead, &c. It was once burnt; once befieged by king Stephen, who was here defeated and taken prifoner; and once taken by Henry III. from his rebellious barons. There is a great pool here, formed by the river on the W. fide of it, called Sauan-pool, because of the multitude of fwans on it. The Roman N. gate remains entire under the modern name of Newport Gate. It is one of the nobleft of this fort in Britain, It is a vaft femicircle of ftone of very large dimenfions laid without mortar, connected only by their uniform fhape. This magnificent arch is 16 feet in diameter, the ftones are 4 feet thick at the bottom; and on both fides are laid horizontal ftones of great dimenfions, 10 or 12 feet long. There are alfo fragments of the old Roman Wall. Over againft |