LOIRON, a town of France, in the dept. of Maine, 6 miles W. of Layal, and 12 N. of Craon. (1.) LOISEY, a town of France, in the dep. of the Meufe, 5 miles E. of Bar le Duc. (2.) LOISEY, or a town of France, in the dep. of LOISY, the Marne, 3 m. NW. of Vity. *To LOITER. v. n. [loteren, Dutch.] To linger; to spend time carelessly; to idle. Sir John, you loiter here too long. Shak. Whence this long delay? You loiter, while the spoils are thrown away." Dryden. -Mark how he spends his time, whether he unactively loiters it away. Locke-If we have gone wrong, let us redeem the mistake; if we have Loitered, let us quicken our pace, and make the moft of the prefent opportunity. Rogers. * LOITERER. n. J. [from loiter.] A lingerer; an idler; a lazy wretch; one who lives without bufinefs; one who is fluggish and dilatory. Give gloves to thy reapers a largess to cry, And daily to loiterers have a good eye, Tuffer. -The poor, by idlenefs or unthriftinefs, are riot ous spenders, vagabonds, and loiterers. Hayward. Where haft thou been, thou loiterer? Otway. -Providence would only enter mankind into the ufeful knowledge of her treasures, leaving the reft to employ our industry, that we live not like idle loiterers and truants. More. Ever liftless loit'rers, that attend No caufe, no truft, no duty, and no friend. Pope. LOITZ, a town of Saxony, in Pomerania. LOITZENDORF, a town of Austria. LOKACZ, a town of Poland, in Volhynia. LOKE, in mythology, a deity of the northern nations, anfwering to the ARIMENES among the Perfians, whom they represent as at enmity both with gods and men, and the author of all the evils which defolate the univerfe. Loke is described in the Edda as producing the great ferpent which encircles the world; which feems to have been intended as an emblem of corruption or fin; he alfo gives birth to Hela or death, the queen of the infernal regions; and to the wolf Fenris, that monfter who is toencounter the gods and destroy the world. LOKMAN, furnamed the WISE, an eminent philofopher among the Eafterns. The Arabians fay he was the fon of Baura, the fon or grandfon of a fifter of Job.. He was an Ethiopian, and a flave for fome time, It is faid that he was born in the time of David, and lived till the age of the prophet Jonas, a period of about 240 years. Some fuppofe him to have been the fame with fop the mythologisft; and indeed his Parables or Apologues in Arabic, as well as many particuJars in his life, refemble the fables and fortune of fop. He is faid, like Æfop, to have been deformed in his perfon. Some of his pieces are extant; and he was looked upon as fo excellent a perfon, that Mahomet entitled a chapter of the Koran after his name, in which he introduces God as faying, "We heretofore bestowed wifdom on Lokman." He got his liberty on account of his obedience in eating the whole of a bitter melon, at his mafter's command. His mafter, furprised, afked, How it was poffible for him to eat fuch a naufeous fruit? He answered, "I have received fo many favours from you, that it is no wonder I fhould once in my life eat a bitter melon from your hand." M. Galland tranflated all the fables of Lokman, and Bidpai or Pilpay, a bramin philofopher, which were published at Paris in 1724. LOLIUM, DARNEL GRASS, in botany, a genus of the digynia order, belonging to the triandria clafs of plants; and in the natural method ranking under the 4th order, Gramina. The calyx is monophyllous, fixed, and uniflorous. 1. LOLIUM PERENNE, red darnel, or rye-grafs, is very common in roads and dry paftures, and makes excellent hay upon dry, chalky, or fandy foils. It is advantageoufly cultivated along with clover, and fprings earlier than other graffes; thereby fupplying food for cattle at a time when it is oft difficult to be obtained. Cows, horfes, and fheep eat it; goats are not fond of it. 2. LOLIUM TEMULENTUM, or white darnel, grows fpontaneously in plowed fields. If the feeds of this fpecies are malted with barley, the ale foon occafions drunkennefs; mixed with bread corn, they produce but little effect unless the bread is caten hot. (1.) * To LOLL. v. n. [Of this word the etymology is not known. Perhaps it might be contemptuously derived from lollard, a name of great reproach before the reformation; of whom one tenet was, that all trades not neceffary to life are unlawful.] 1. To lean idly; to reft lazily against any thing. So hangs, and lolls, and weeps upon me. Shak. Othello.— He is not lolling on a lewd love bed, To loll on couches, rich with citron fteds, Of ever liftless loit'rers. Dunciad. 2. To hang out. Ufed of the tongue hanging out in wearinefs of play. The triple porter of the Stygian seat, With lolling tongue lay fawning at thy feet. Dryd. With harmless play amidst the bowls he pafs'd, And with his lolling tongue affay'd the tafte. Dryd. (2.) To LOLL. v. a. To put out; used of the tongue exerted. * Hadft thou but, Janus-like, a face behind, To fee the people, when fplay mouths they make, To mark their fingers pointed at thy back,, Their tongues loll'd out a foot. Dryd. Perfus. Trees bent their heads to hear him sing his wrongs, Fierce tigers couch'd around, and loll'd their fawning tongues. Dryden. LOLLARD, Walter, founder of the fect of the LOLLARDS, is faid to have been an Englishman. He first broached his doctrines (which, in many points, have been fince adopted by most protef tants) in Germany, about A. D. 1315. After preaching with great zeal, and gaining many profelytes on the continent, he returned to England, where his difciples were firft called Lollards. He and his followers rejected the facrifice of the mass, extreme unction, and penances for fin; infifting that LOL LOM LOLLÓNADO, a town in the island of Cuba. phyfician, born at Bueren in 1500. He published (1.) LOM, Joffu, or Joshuah VAN, a learned feveral works on medicine, in elegant Latin; which were collected and printed at Amsterdam, in 3 vols. 12mo. He died in 1562. that Chrift's fufferings were sufficient. He is like- LOLLARDS, in ecclefiaftical hiftory, a religi LOLLARDY, n. f. the doctrine of the Lollards. See the two laft articles. (2.) Lom, a river of Turkey in Europe, running into the Danube, near Lomgrad. LOMAZY, a town of Lithuania, in Brzesk. born at Milan, in 1558. He excelled in hiftory, LOMAZZO, John Paul, an ingenious painter, landscapes, and portraits. He also wrote, 1. A del Tempio della Pittura; 1590, 4to. He died in Treatife on painting, in Italian; 1585,4to. 2. Idéa 1598. born at Liege in 1500; who, after a diligent ftudy (1.) LOMBARD, Lambert, an eminent painter, of the antique at Rome, introduced that ftyle of painting among his countrymen inftead of the Gothic. He painted hiftory, architecture, and perfpective; and though he could never altogether free himself from his national taste, he is ranked among the best painters of his time. He died in 1560. of Master of the Sentences, was born at Novara în (2.) LOMBARD, Peter, well known by the title Lombardy; but being bred at Paris, he distinguished himself so much at that univerfity, that he was firft appointed canon of Chartres; afterwards tutor to Philip, fon of Lewis VI. and laftly bishop of Paris. He died in 1064. His work of the Sentences is looked on as the fource of the schoCommentaries on the Pfalms, and on St Paul's laftic theology of the Latin church. He wrote also Epiftles. graver of confiderable eminence, who flourished (3.) LOMBARD, or LOMBART, Peter, an enabout 1660. He was a native of Paris, where he learned the art. He came into England before the revolution. He executed a vaft variety of plates, chiefly for books; but his beft works are his portraits, moftly after Vandyck.-He alfo engraved hiftorical fubjects, from Pouffin, Raphael, Annibal Caracci, Guido, &c. of the Lower Po, and district (late duchy) of LOMBARDA, a town of Italy, in the dep Ferrara. who formerly settled in Italy, and for fome time (1.) LOMBARDS, a nation of Scandinavia, made a confiderable figure. The name of Lombards, or Longobards, is derived by Paulus Dia. conus, their hiftorian, who was himself a Lombard, from the length of their beards. A nation, called Lombards, is mentioned by Tacitus, Strabo, and Ptolemy; but thefe are different from the Lombards who afterwards fettled in Italy, and are reckoned to be the fame with the GEPIDA, whom the Italian Lombards almost exterminated. The Lombards who settled in Italy are first mentioned by Profper Aquitanus, Bp. of Rhegium, in 379, who ells us, that about this time the Lombards, abandoning the moft diftant coafts of the ocean, and their native country Scandinavia, and seeking for new fettlements, as they were overstocked with people at home, first attacked and overcame ed by two chiefs, Iboreus and Aion; who, dying the Vandals in Germany. They were then headabout A. D. 389, were fucceeded by Agilmund. (2.) LOMBARDS, (2.) LOMBARDS, CHARACTER, GOVERNMENT AND MANNERS OF THE. The Lombards were at first a cruel and barbarous nation; but their native fiercenefs gradually wore off, efpecially after they had embraced the Chriftian religion; and they governed with fuch equity and moderation, that most other nations envied the happiness of thofe who lived under them. Under the government of the Lombards (fays Paulus Diaconus) no violence was committed, no one unjustly difpof feffed of his property, none oppreffed with taxes; theft, robberies, murder, and adultery, were feldom heard of: every one went, without apprehenfion, wherever he pleafed. Their laws were fo juft and equitable, that they were retained in Italy, and obferved there fome ages after their kingdom was at an end. Their drefs was loofe, and for the moft part of linen, fuch as the AngloSaxons wore, being interwoven with various colours; their thoes were open to the end of their foot, and they used to button or lace them. From fome ancient paintings, it appears, that they fhav ed the back part of their heads, but that their hair was long before; their locks being parted, and laid on each fide their foreheads. (3.) LOMBARDS, HISTORY OF THE. Agilmund is commonly reckoned the firft king of the Lombards. Before the time of ODOACER, the hiftory of the Lombards affords nothing remarkable; in his time, however, they fettled on the Danube, in the country of the Rugians, whom Odoacer had either exterminated or carried into captivity. During their stay in this country, they rendered themfelves formidable to the neighbouring nations, and carried on fuccefsful wars with the Heruli and Gepida. In 526, they were allowed by the emperor Juftinian to fettle in Pannonia; and here they made war a fecond time with the Gepida. Alboinus, the Lombard king, killed the king of the Gepida with his own hand, put his army to the rout, and cut fuch numbers of them in pieces, that they ceafed from that time to be a nation, Having caufed the deceafed king's head to be cut off, he made a cup of his fkull, which he ufed in all public entertainments. However, having taken, among many other captives of great diftinction, Rofamunda, the late king's daughter, he married her after the death of his former wife Clodifvinta, the daughter of Clotaire king of France. By this victory Alboinus gained fuch reputation, that his friendship was courted by Juftinian; and, in confequence of the emperor's application, 6000 Lombards were fent to the affiftance of Narfes againft the Goths. The fuccefs of the Romans in this expedition, the invafion of Italy by the Lombards, and their fucceffes, have been related under ITA LY, 13, 14. At laft Alboinus having made himfelf mafter of Venetia, Liguria, Emilia, Hetruria, and Umbria, was murdered in the year 575, the 4th of his reign, by the treachery of his wife, whom he had irritated to the moft implacable vengeance, by ordering her, one day at a feaft at Verona, to drink merrily with her father, prefenting her with the cup above mentioned. This the accomplished, by the affiftance of Helmichild the king's fhield-bearer; who at firft peremptorily refufed to engage in the treafon; but Rofamund having, by placing herself in his miftrefs's bed, drawn him into an adulterous connection with herself, told him he muft now either kill Alboinus, or be himfelf put to death; promifing at the fame time to marry him, if he accomplished it, and beftow on him the kingdom. This laft part of her promife, however, fhe did not get fulfilled, as they were obliged to fave themfelves by flight. They fled to LONGINUS the exarch of Ravenna, taking with them all the jewels and treasure of the late king. Longinus received her with the greateft kindness, affured her of his protection; and judging this a favourable opportunity of making himself king of Italy, propofed to marry her, provided the dif patched Helmichild. Rofamund, pleafed with the propofal, refolved to fatisfy her ambition by getting rid of the man fhe had married to gratify her revenge. Accordingly, having prepared a ftrong poifon, fhe mixed it with wine, and gare it to her husband as he came out of the bath; but he had not half emptied the cup, when, from its fudden effects, he concluded what it was, and compelled her to drink the reft. They both died in a few hours. Longinus, on her death, laid afide thoughts of making himfelf king of Italy, and fent the king's treasure to Conftantinople, together with Albifoinda, the daugh ter of Alboinus by Rofamund, whom the had brought along with her. After the death of Alboinus, the Lombards chofe Clephis, one of the nobility, for their king. He was murdered after a fhort reign of 18 months; upon which enfued an interregnum of 10 years. (See ITALY, 14.) During this time, they extended their conquefts in that country; but at laft the Romans, jealous of their progrefs, refolved to put a stop to their victories, and, if poffible, to drive them quite out. For this purpofe, they entered into alliance with the Franks; which fo alarmed the Lombards, that they re-established the monarchical form of government among themfelves, and chofe Autharis, the fon of Clephis, for their king. This monarch, confidering that the power of the dukes, who had governed Lombardy for 10 years, was very much eftablished, allowed them to continue in their government; but obliged them to contribute a moiety of their revenues towards the fupport of his royal dignity; and took an oath, that, in the time of war, they would affift him to the utmoft of their power. Having thus fettled matters with the dukes, he enacted feveral wholefome laws against theft, rapine, murder, adultery, &c. and was the firft Lombard king who embraced Chrif tianity. Most of his fubjects followed his exam ple, but being inftructed by Arian bishops, dif putes continued long between them and the or thodox bishops of the cities fubject to them. From the re-establishment of the monarchy under Autharis, to the reign of Rotharis in 636, the hiftory of the Lombards affords nothing memorable. This period is remarkable for the introduction of written laws among thefe people. Before this time they had been governed only by tradition; but Rotharis, in imitation of the Romans and Goths, undertook the publifhing of written laws; and to thofe which he enacted, many were added by fucceeding princes. Thefe laws were enacted in public affem blies, convened for that purpofe, after they had been examined and approved of by all the lords of the kingdom; the legislative power being lodged in the king and nobles alone. Rotharis alfo carried on fuccefsful wars with the exarch of Ravenna, whom he totally defeated in several engagements, and made himself matter of part of his territories. He died in 632; and the affairs of the Lombards went on profperously, till the ambition of Luit prand laid the foundation of the total ruin of his kingdom. He afcended the throne in 711, and watched all opportunities of enlarging his dominions at the expenfe of the emperors. In 726, the emp. Leo III. having forbidden the worlhip of images, and ordered them to be pulled down, the people revolted. (See ICONOCLASTE.) And having strictly enfoined his officers in the weft, efpecially the exarch of Ravenna, to see his edict punctually obeyed, Scholafticus, then exarch, began to pull down the images in Ravenna; which incenfed the fuperftitious multitude to fuch a degree, that, taking arms, they openly declared they would rather renounce their allegiance to the emperor than the worlliip of images. Luitprand feized this opportunity of making himself mafter of the feat of the exarch; having drawn together all his forces, he unexpectedly appeared before Ravenna, and clofely befieged it. But the exarch defended the place with fuch courage, that Luitprand broke up the fiege, and led his army againft Claffis, which he took, plundered, and levelled with the ground. The fevere treatment the inhabitants met with, threw the citizens of Ravenna into the utmoft confternation; which Luitprand refolved to take advantage of, and, returning before Ravenna with his whole army, by frequent attacks tired the inhabitants and garrifon to fuch a degree, that the exarch, despairing of relief, privately withdrew. Luitprand, having carried the town by ftorm, gave it up to be plundered by his foldiers, who found in it an immenfe booty, as it had been long the feat of the emperors, the Gothic kings, and the exarchs. The reduction of Ravenna was followed by the furrender of feveral cities of the exarchate, which Luitprand reduced to a dukedom; appointing Hildebrand his grandfon to govern it with the title of duke; and as he was yet an infant, appointing Peredeus D. of Vicenza for his guardian. The conqueft of the greater part of the exarchate alarmed Gregory II. though he was then at variance with the emperor, whofe edict against the worthipping of images he had op pofed. But, jealous of the power of the Lombards, he exerted his influence with Urfus, doge of Venice, who refolved to aflift the exarch with the whole force of the republic. The exarch accordingly laid fege to Ravenna by land, while they invefted it almost at the fame inftant by fea. Peredeus de fended the town for fome time with great courage and refolution; but the Venetians having forced open one of the gates, the city was taken, and Peredeus flain, while attempting to drive the enemy from the pofts they had feized. Hilde brand fell into the hands of the Venetians; who, having thus recovered Ravenna to the emperor, returned home, leaving the exarch in poffeffion of the city. Luitprand was then at Pavia; but the town was taken before he was able to affem ble his troops for its relief. Gregory perfuading himself, that the emperor would now, out of gratitude for the recovery of Ravenna, give ear to his admonitions, began to folicit him with the moft preffing letters to revoke his edict against the worship of images: but 'Leo, inftead of complying, fent 3 officers to Rome, with private or ders either to affaffinate the Pope, or fend him prifoner to Conftantinople: and in 725, he recalled Scholafticus, and fent Paul, a patrician, into Italy, to govern in his room, with private inftructions to encourage the above-mentioned officers. But, in the mean time, the plot was difcovered, and two of the confpirators were appréhended by the citizens of Rome, and put to death; the third having efcaped. Hereupon the exarch drew together a confiderable body of troops, and set out on his march to Rome, with a design to feize the pope, and fend him in chains to Conftantinople. But the politic Luitprand now leagued with Gregory against the exarch, in order to preserve the balance of power between them, and by affisting fometimes the one, and fometimes the other, weaken both. The confequence of this coalition was, that the fuperftition of the people being awaken ed, almoft the whole of Italy revolted from the emperor. Mean time, the exarch Paul, having gained a confiderable party in Ravenna, began to remove the images out of the churches. Here upon the adverfe party, encouraged by the pope, flew to arms; and falling upon the ICONOCLASTS, gave rife to a civil war within the walls of Ra venna. Great numbers were killed on both fides; but the worshippers of images prevailing, a dreadful flaughter was made of the oppofite party, and the exarch himself was murdered. However, Ravenna continued faithful to the emperor; but moft of the cities of Romagna belonging to the exarchate, and all thofe of Pentapolis, abhorring the emperor as a heretic, fubmitted to Luitprand. In Naples, Exhilaratus, the duke, having received orders from Leo to execute his edict, endeavoured to perfuade the people to receive it; but find ing all his endeavours thwarted by the pope, for whom the Neapolitans had a great veneration, he hired affaffins to murder him. But the plot being difcovered, the Neapolitans murdered both the duke and his fon, with one of his chief offi cers. They ftill, however, continued ftedfaft in their allegiance to Leo, who sent one Peter to govern them in the room of Exhilaratus. In the mean time, Leo, not doubting but the pope was the chief author of fo much mischief, fent the eunuch Eutychius into Italy, with the title and authority of exarch, ftrictly enjoining him to get the pope difpatched, as his death was abfolutely neceffary for the tranquillity of Italy. But a mef fenger, whom the exarch had fent to Rome, being apprehended, and the emperor's order being found upon him, the pope's friends thenceforth guarded him with fuch care, that the exarch's affaffins could never afterwards find an opportunity. The Romans were for putting the meffenger to death; but the pope interpofed, contenting himfelf with excommunicating the exarch. And now the Romans, provoked more than ever againft Leo, refolved to revolt and appoint their own ma giftrates, keeping themfelves united under the pope, ambaffadors were received with extraordinary marks of honour; and a treaty was foon concluded between them and Charles. But Gregory did not long enjoy the fruit of this negociation; for he died the fame year, 731, and was fucceeded by Gregory III. The French nation, by the bravery and conduct of Charles Martel, had now become the moft powerful kingdom in the west. His fucceffor Pepin was no lefs wife and powerful than his father; and as the ambition of the Lombard princes would be fatisfied with nothing lefe than the entire conqueft of Italy, the French monarch, Charlemagne, under colour of affifting the pope, at laft put an end to the empire of Lombardy, as related under the article FRANCE, $13. LOMBARDY, a country of Europe, in the N. of Italy, which comprehends almost the whole of the ancient GALLIA CISALPINA, and in the 6th century, formed the kingdom of the LOMBARDS. After the overthrow of that kingdom, it was divided into UPPER and LOWER LOMBARDY, and was fubdivided among different ftates and princes; as the houfe of Auftria, the republic of Venice, the K. of Sardinia, &c. and is now entirely fubje&t, to France. 1. LOMBARDY, LOWER, the eastern part, comprebended the late duchies of Parma, Modena, Mantua, Bologna, Ferrara, Padua, Vicenza, Verona, Brefcia, Coma, Crema, and Bergamo. 2. LOMBARDY, UPPER, the western part, comprehended the late duchies of Milan, Montferrat, Piedmont, Nice, and fome leffer principalities. LOMBART. See LOMBARD, N° 3. pope, not yet as their prince, but only as their head. Eutychius, having brought with him from Conftantinople a good number of troops, eafily quelled the rebellion in Ravenna, and feverely punished the authors. But he found he could never reduce them, fo long as they were fupported by the Lombards; and therefore he employed all his art and policy to take off Luitprand from the party of the Romans, and bring him over to his own. Luitprand, for fome time, withstood all his offers; but Thrafimund duke of Spoleto revolting at this juncture, the exarch offered to affift the king against the rebellious duke, provided he would assist him against the pope and the Romans. With this propofal Luitprand readily clofed; and the two armies joined, and began their march towards Spoleto. At their approach, the duke, defpairing of being able to refift two fuch powers, fued for pardon; which Luitprand not only granted, but confirmed him in the dukedom, after he had obliged him to take a new oath of allegiance, and give hostages for his future fidelity. From Spoleto, the two armies marched to Rome; and encamped in the meadows of Nero, between the Tiber and the Vatican. Gregory had caused the city to be fortified; but being fenfible that the Romans alone could not long hold out against two fuch armies, he went to the king in his camp; and there, with a pathetic fpeech, foftened Luit prand to fuch a degree, that, throwing himself at his feet in prefence of the army, he begged pardon for entering into an alliance against him; went with him to the church of St Peter; and laid his girdle, fword, gauntlet, royal mantle, crown of gold, and crofs of filver, on the apoftle's fepulchre. After this, he reconciled the pope with the exarch, who was thereupon received into the city, where he continued for fome time, in a friendly correfpondence with the pope. At this time an impoftor, taking the name of Tiberius, and pretending to be defcended from the emperors, feduced many people in Tufcany, and was by them proclaimed emperor. Gregory, wishing to oblige Leo, perfuaded the Romans to attend the exarch in his expedition, againft this ufurper, whom they foon took in a caftle, fent his head to the emperor, and fuppreffed the rebellion. But Leo ftill infifting upon his edict against the images being received in Rome, the Romans, at the inftigation of the pope, publicly renounced their allegiance, paid him no more tribute, and withdrew for ever their obedience to the Eaftern emperors. On this Leo caufed all the patrimonies of the church in Sicily, Calabria, and his other dominions, to be confifcated; and raised a powerful army to recover the towns that had revolted. Gregory, alarmed at thefe warlike preparations, refolved to recur to the protection of the French, the only nation then capable of coping with the emperor, and on whom, on account of their zeal for religion, he thought he might de pend. They were at this time governed by the celebrated Charles Martel, who was reckoned the greatest hero of his age. To him, therefore, Gregory fent a folemn embaffy, with a great number of relics, earnestly intreating him to take the Romans, and the church, under his protection, and defend them againft the attempts of Leo. The VOL. XIII. PART II. LOMBERS, a town of France, in the dep. of Tarn, 9 miles S. of Alby. LOMBES, or a town of France, in the dep. of LOMBEZ, J Gers, and ci-devant province of Gafcony; feated on the Save; 17 miles SE. of Auch, and 27 SW. of Toulouse. Lon. 1. o. E. Lat. 43. 29. N. LOMBÓC, an island in the East Indian Sea. LOMENIE, Henry Lewis, Count de Brienne, a French nobleman, who was fecretary of state to Lewis XIV. The lofs of his wife drove him melancholy; yet in this ftate, and under confinement, he wrote Memoirs of his own Life; an Account of his Travels; Poems, and other works of merit. He died in 1698. LOMENTACEÆ. See BOTANY, Index. LOMGRAD, a town of Turkey, in Bulgaria. LOMNITZ, a river of Silefia. (I.) LOMOND, BEN. See BEN-Lomond. (II.) LOMOND HILLS, feveral verdant hills of Scotland, in the W. part of Fifeshire, diftinguished by different names; fuch; as the Black Hill, the Green Hill, Stony Fold, &c. The two higheft are called the EASTERN and WESTERN LOMONDS. From their relative fituation, more than from their magnitude, they command a very extenfive and variegated profpect into many diftant as well as adjacent counties, and are feen at a very great diftance, by travellers in various directions. 1. LOMOND, EASTERN, the most regular and beautiful of the above hills, is faid to be about 550 yards in height above the level of the plain; and where it is moft acceffible, feems to have been fortified near the top with a deep trench. A a a It lies |