difpofition of numbers is called a magic square, in oppofition to the former difpofition, which is called a natural fquare: Thus: IS 6 2418.12 10 752119|13| Emanuel Mofchopulus, a Greek author of no great antiquity, is the firft that appears to have fpoken of magic squares: and from the age wherein he lived, there is reafon to imagine he did not look on them merely as a mathematician. However, he has left us fome rules for their conftruction. But as magic fquares have not hitherto been found of any ufe in mathematics, we fhall refer to the works of Mefirs Bachet, Frenicle, Poignard, and De La Hire, for the various methods of constructing these curious arrangements of numbers. The latest writer who has written upon the fubject, was the celebrated Dr FRANKLIN, who conftructed what he called a Magic Square of Squares, and a Magic Circle of Circles. These may be seen in the works of the ingenious Mr James Fergufon. MAGIEROW, a town of Poland, in Belez. MAGINDANAO. See MINDANAO. MAGISTERE, a town of France, in the dep. of Lot and Garonne, one mile NW. of Valence. * MAGISTERIAL. adj. [from magifter, Lat.] 1. Such as fuits a mafter.-Such a government is paternal, not magifterial. King Charles. He bids him attend as if he had the rod over him; and ufes a magifterial authority while he instructs him. Dryden. 2. Lofty; arrogant: proud; infolent; defpotic.-We are not magifterial in opinions, nor, dictator-like, obtrude our notions on any man. Brown's Vulg. Errours.-Pretences go a great way with men that take fair words, and magifterial looks, for current payment. L'Etrange.Those men are but trepanned who are called to govern, being invefted with authority, but bereaved of power; which is nothing else but to mock and betray them into a fplendid and magiflerial way of being ridiculous. South. 3. Chemically prepared, after the manner of a magiftery.-Of corals are chiefly prepared the powder ground upon a marble, and the magisterial falt, to good purpose in fome fevers: the tincture is no more than a folution of the magisterial falt. Grew's Muf. MAGISTERIALLY. adv. (from magifierial.] Arrogantly; with an air of authority.-A downright advice may be mistaken, as if it were fpoken magiflerially. Bacon's Adv. to Villiers.-Over their pots and pipes, they claim and engrofs all wholly to themfelves, magisterially cenfuring the wifdom of all antiquity. South. 1 * * MAGISTERIALNESS. n. f. [from magiferial.] Haughtiness; airs of a mafter.-Peremptorinefs is of two forts; the one a magifterialness in matters of opinion, the other a pofitiveness in re. lating matters of fact. Gov. of the Tongue. (1.) * MAGISTERY. n. f. [magifterium, Latin.] -Magiftery is a term made ufe of by chemifts to fignify fometimes a very fine powder, made by folution and precipitation; as of bifimuth, lead, &c. and fometimes refin and refinous fubftances; as thofe of jalap, fcammony, &c. but the most genuine acceptation is to express that preparation of any body, wherein the whole, or most part, is, by the addition of fomewhat, changed into a body of quite another kind; as when iron or copper is turned into crystals of Mars or Venus. Quincy.—Paracelfus extracteth the magiftery of wine, expofing it unto the extremity of cold; whereby the aqueous parts will freeze, but the spirit be uncongealed in the centre. Brown.-The magiflery of vegetables confifts but of the more foluble and coloured parts of the plants that afford it. Boyle. (2.) MAGISTERY, in chemistry, is a name given to almost all precipitates. Magiftery and precipi tate are fynonymous; but chemifts chiefly use precipitates as a general term, and apply that of magiftery to fome particular precipitates only which are used in medicine and in the arts; as the magifteries of bifmuth, crabs eyes, &c. (3.) MAGISTERY OF BISMUTH. See CHEMIST (4.) MAGISTERY OF SULPHUR. RY, Index. * MAGISTRACY. n. f. [magiftratus, Lat.] Office or dignity of the magiftrate. You share the world, her magiftracies, priest- Wealth and felicity, amongst you, friends. -He had no other intention but to dissuade men from magiflracy, or undertaking the public of. fices of ftate. Brown.-Some have difputed even againft magiflracy itself. Atterbury.-Duelling is not only au ufurpation of the divine prerogative, but is an infult upon magiflracy and good govern ment. Clariffa. --- * MAGISTRALLY. adv. [magiftralis, low Lat.] Defpotically; authoritatively; magifterially. -What a prefumption is this for one, who will not allow liberty to others, to affume to himself fuch a licence to controul fo magiftrally. Bramkall against Hobbes. *MAGISTRATE. n. f. [magiftratus, Lat.] A man publicly invested with authority; a governor; an executor of the laws. They chufe their magistrate! And such a one as he, who puts his fhall, His popular fhall, against a graver bench Than ever frown'd in Greece. Shak. Coriol. I treat here of thofe legal punishments which magiftrates inflict upon their disobedient subjects. Decay of Piety. (1.) MAGIUS, a town of Perfia, in Irak. (2.) MAGIUS, Hieronymus. See MAGGI, N° 2. MAGLIABECHI, Anthony, a person of great learning, and remarkable for an amazing memory, born at Florence in 1633. His father died when he was only 7 years old. His mother had him taught grammar and drawing, and then put him apprentice to one of the beft goldfmiths in Florence. When about 16 years old, his paflion for learning began to fhow itself; and he laid out his money in buying books. Becoming acquainted with Michael Ermini, librarian to the cardinal de Medicis, he foon perfected himself by his assistance in the Latin tongue, and in a little time became mafter of the Hebrew. His name foon became famous among the learned. A prodigious memory was his diftinguishing talent; and he retained not only only the fenfe of what he read, but frequently the words, and the spelling. A gentleman, to prove the force of his memory, lent him a MS. he was going to print. Some time after it was returned, the gentleman, coming to him with a melancholy countenance, pretended it was loft, and requested Magliabechi to recollect what he remembered of it; upon which he wrote the whole, without miffing a word. He generally fhut himself up the whole day, and opened his doors in the evening to the men of letters who came to converfe with him. His attention was fo abforbed by his ftudies, that he often forgot the most urgent wants of nature. Cofmo III. grand duke of Florence, made him his librarian; but he still continued negligent in his dress, and fimple in his manners. An old cloak ferved him for a morning gown in the day, and for bed-clothes at night. The duke, how. ever, provided for him a commodious apartment in his palace, which he was with difficulty perfuaded to take poffeffion of; but which he quitted 4 months after, and returned to his houfe. His modefty, fincerity, and beneficence, was remarkable. He patronized men of learning; affifted them with his advice and information, and furnished them with books and MSS. He detefted every thing that looked like conftraint; and therefore the grand duke always difpenfed with his perfonal attendance, and fent him his orders in writing. Though he lived a most fedentary life, he reached the 81ft year of his age; and died in the midst of the public applaufe, enjoying, during the latter part of his life, fuch affluence as few have ever procured by their learning. He left a very fine library to the public, with a fund for its fupport. MAGLIANO, a populous town of Italy, in the Pope's dominions, and diftrict of Sabina, on a mountain near the Tiber, 30 miles N. of Rome. Lon. 12. 35. E. Lat. 42. 25. N. MAGLOIRE, St, a native of Wales, and coufin-german to St Sampson and St Mallo. He embraced a monaftic life, and went into France, where he was made abbot of Dol, and after that a provincial bishop of Brittany. He afterwards founded a monaftery in the island of Jersey, where he died Oct. 14, 575, aged 80. His remains were transported to the fuburbs of St Jaques, and depofited in a monaftery of Benedictines, which was ceded to the fathers of the oratory in 1628. It is now the feminary of St Magloire, celebrated on account of the learned men whom it has produced. This faint cultivated poetry with confiderable fuccefs: the hymn which is fúng at the feaft of All Saints was compofed by him; Cælo quos eadem gloria confecrat, &c. MAGNA ASSISA ELIGENDA is a writ anciently directed to the fheriff for fummoning four lawful knights before the juftices of affize, in order to choofe 12 knights of the neighbourhood, &c. to pafs upon the great affize between fuch a perfon plaintiff and such a one defendant. MAGNA CHARTA, the great charter of the liberties of Britain, and the bafis of our laws and privileges. This charter may be said to derive its origin from king Edward the Confeffor, who granted several privileges to the church and state by charter: these liberties and privileges were also granted and confirmed by king Henry I. by a celebrated great charter now loft; but which was confirmed or re-enacted by king Henry II. and king John. (See ENGLAND, $ 23, 25.) Henry III. the fuccessor of this last prince, after having caufed 12 men make enquiry into the liberties of England in the reign of Henry I. granted a new charter; which was the fame as the prefent magna charta. This he feveral times confirmed, and as often broke; till, in the 37th year of his reign, he went to Westminster-hall, and there, in the prefence of the nobility and bishops, who held lighted candles in their hands, magna charta was read, the king all the time holding his hand to his breast, and at last solemnly swearing faithfully and inviolably to observe all the things therein contained, &c. Then the bishops extinguishing the candles, and throwing them on the ground, they all cried out, Thus let him be extinguished, and ftink in hell, who violates this charter." It is obferved, that, notwithstanding the folemnity of this confirmation, king Henry, the very next year, again invaded the rights of his people, till the barons entered into a war against him; when, after various fuccefs, he confirmed this charter, and the charter of the foreft, in the 52d year of his reign. (See ENGLAND, 26.) This charter confirmed many liberties of the church, and redreffed many grievances incident to feodal tenures, of no fmall moment at the time; though now, unlefs confidered attentively and with this retrospect, they feem but of trifling concern. But, befides thefe feodal provifions, care was also taken therein to protect the fubject against other oppreffions, then frequently arifing from unreasonable amercements, from illegal diftreffes or other procefs for debts or fervices due to the crown, and from the tyrannical abuse of the prerogative of purveyance and pre-emption. It fixed the forfeiture of lands for felony in the fame manner as it ftill remains; prohibited for the future the grants of exclufive fisheries; and the erection of new bridges fo as to opprefs the neighbourhood. With refpect to private rights, it established the teftamentary power of the subject over part of his personal eftate, the reft being distributed among his wife and children; it laid down the law of dower, as it hath continued ever fince; and prohibited the appeals of women, unless after the death of their hufbands. In matters of public police and national concern, it enjoined an uniformity of weights and measures; gave new encouragements to commerce, by the protection of merchant ftrangers; and forbade the alienation of lands in mortmain. With regard to the administration of juftice, befides prohibiting all denials or delays of it, it fixed the court of common pleas at Weftminster, that the fuitors might no longer be haraffed with following the king's perfon in all his progreffes; and at the fame time brought the trial of iffues home to the very doors of the freeholders, by directing affizes to be taken in the proper counties, and establishing annual circuits; it alfo corrected fome abufes then incident to the trials by wager of law and of battle; directed the regular awarding of inqueft for life or member; prohibited the king's inferior minifters from hold ing pleas of the crown, or trying any criminal charge, whereby many forfeitures might otherZzza wife In strength All mortals I excell'd, and great in hopes, With youthful courage and magnan'mous thoughts Of birth from heaven foretold, and high exploits. Milton. wife have unjustly accrued to the exchequer; and regulated the time and place of holding the inferior tribunals of juftice, the county court, the riff's torn, and court-leet. It confirmed and established the liberties of the city of London, and all otr cities, boroughs, towns, and ports of the kingdom. And laftly (which alone would haye-Magnanimous industry is a refolved affiduity and merited the title that it bears of the great charter), care, answerable to any weighty work. Grew. it protected every individual of the nation in the free enjoyment of his life, his liberty, and his property, unless declared to be forfeited by the judgment of his peers, or the law of the land. This excellent charter, fo equitable and beneficial to the fubject, is the most ancient written law in the kingdom. By the 25th Edward I. it is ordained, that it shall be taken as the common law; and by the 43d Edward III. all statutes made against it are declared to be void. (1.) MAGNAC, a town of France, in the dep. of Upper Vienne, 15 miles SSE. of Limoges. (2.) MAGNAC LAVAL, a town of France, in the dep. of Upper Vienne; 24 miles N. of Limoges. MAGNALITY. n. f. [magnaliu, Lat.] A great thing; fomething above the common rate. Not. ufed. Too greedy of magnalities, we make but favourable experiments concerning welcome truths. Brown." (1.)* MAGNANIMITY. n. f. [magnanimité, Fr. magnanimus, Lat.] Greatness of mind; bravery; elevation of foul. With deadly hue an armed course did lie, In whofe dead face he read great magnanimity. Spenfer. -Let but the acts of the ancient Jews be but indifferently weighed, from whofe magnanimity, in caufes of most extreme hazard, thofe ftrange and unwonted refolutions have grown, which, for all circumftances, no people under the roof of heaven did ever hitherto match. Hooker. They had enough reveng'd, having reduc'd Their foe to mifery beneath their fears; The reft was magnanimity to remit, If fome convenient ranfom was propos'd. Milt. -Exploding many things under the name of trifles, is a very falfe proof either of wisdom or magnanimity. Swift. (2.) MAGNANIMITY appears moft confpicuous ..in circumstances of trial and adverfity. Mr Stretch well obferves of it, in his Beauties of Hiftory, that "it is the good fenfe of pride, and the noblest way of acquiring applaufe." It renders the foul. fuperior to the trouble, disorder, and emotion which the appearance of great danger might excite; and it is by this quality that heroes main tain their tranquillity and preferve the free use of their reafon in the moft furprifing and dreadful accidents. It admires the fame quality in an enemy; and fame, glory, conquests, defire of opportunities to pardon and oblige their oppofers, are what glow in the minds of the brave. Magnanimity and courage are infeparable. Inftances need not be quoted. The hiftories of Greece, Rome, Great Britain, &c. abound with them. * MAGNANIMOUS, adj. [magnanimus, Lat.] Great of mind; elevated in fentiment; brave. To give a kingdom hath been thought MAGNANIMOUSLY. adv. [from magna. nimous.] Bravely; with greatnefs of mind.—A complete and generous education fits a man to perform juftly, skilfully, and magnanimously, all the offices of peace and war. Milton. MAGNANO, a town of Italy, in Placentia, 13 miles SSE. of Placentia. MAGNAVACCA [i. e. the Great Cow], a fort of Italy, in the department of the Lower Po, and diftrict of Comacchio, (late Ferrarefe), on a canal, 3 miles SE. of Comacchio. MAGNE, a town of France, in the dep. of the Two Sevres; 3 miles WNW. of Nicort. MAGNES. See MAGNET, $2. MAGNESA, or, in ancient geography, a (1.) MAGNESIA, S town or district of Theffaly, at the foot of mount Pelius, called by Philip V. one of the three keys of Greece. Paufanias. (2.) MAGNESIA, in ancient geography, a maritime diftrict of Theffaly, lying between the S. part of the Sinus Thermaicus and the Pegafæus on the S. and to the E. of the Pelafgiotis. Magnefus and Magneus, the epithet. Horace. (3.) MAGNESIA, a town of Afia Minor on the Meander, about 15 miles from Ephefus. Themiftocles died there: it was one of the three towns given him by Artaxerxes," to furnith his table with bread." It is alfo celebrated for a battle which was fought there, 190 years before the Chriftian era, between the Romans and Antiochus king of Syria. The forces of Antiochus amounted to 70,000 men according to Appian, or 70,000 foot and 12,000 horfe according to Livy, which has been exaggerated by Florus to 300,000 men; the Roman army confifted of about 28 or 30,000 men, 2000 of which were employed in guarding the camp. The Syrians loft 50,000 foot and 4000 horfe; and the Romans only 300 killed, with 25 horfe. It was founded by a colony from Magnefia in Theffaly; and was commonly called MAGNESIA AD MEANDRUM, to distinguish it from (4) MAGNESIA AD SIPYLUM, a town of Tantalis, the refidence of Tantalus, and Capital of Mæonia, where now ftands the lake Sale; seated at the foot of mount Sipylus, E. of the Hermus. It was adjudged free under the Romans, but was deftroyed by an earthquake in the reign of Tiberius. (5.) MAGNESIA, or in mineralogy and cheMAGNESIA ALBA, miftry, a kind of earth, only difcovered fince the beginning of the 18th century. It was firft known at Rome by the name of the Count de Palma's powder, which a canon there offered as a general remedy for all diforders. It was by many confidered as a calcareous earth; but F. Hoffman fhowed it to be effentially diftinct. The fame was afterwards done by Dr Black of Edinburgh and M. Magraaf of Berlin, though unknown to each other at the time. It is one of the most infusible substances in nature; fully faturated with aerial acid, it will absorb and neither melting, nor even hardening nor contract- retain fixty-fix hundredth parts of the fame. When ing, in the focus of the most powerful burning fully faturated with aerial acid, it is more foluble glafs. (See CHEMISTRY, Index.) An experiment in cold than in hot water; because the heat of was made on it, in fummer 1782, by M. Magellan, the latter diffipates part of the fixed air. Magwith Mr Parker's burning-glafs; when a cubic nefia, when combined with different acids, forms inch of magnesia, a quarter of an inch each fide, various falts. See CHEMISTRY, Index. It is ufually being put into its focus, was hardened, and re- prepared either from the bittern of fea-falt, or duced to lefs than of its bulk each way, viz. from the falt prepared from that liquid under the from .25 of an inch to .08. But on applying a fimi- name of Epfom falt. The magnesia prepared dilar cube of magnesia, from Mr Henry's manufac- rectly from the bittern, however, is not fo pure ture at Manchester, it neither became harder nor as that produced from the finer kinds of Epsom fenfibly diminished in fize. Bergman informs us, falt. Hence, to have pure magnesia, Bergman that magnesia, unless precipitated by the volatile gives the following directions: "Let Epfom falt, alkali, or by the neat alkalised tartar, always con- in well-formed crystals, be diffolved in diftilled tains fome filiceous or calcareous earth. Almoft water; and from this the magnesia is to be prethe fame thing happens when it is feparated by cipitated by mild volatile alkali. Some of this calcination from the remaining lixiviations of the earth that remains suspended in the solution, by nitrous and marine acids; in which cafe, by means of aerial acid, may be eafily precipitated fuch a violent fire, it adheres together, and even by a fimple ebullition. Of this magnesia, roelb. fhows a tendency to vitrify. Notwithstanding when rightly prepared, contains near 25 parts of this extreme refractoriness of magnesia by it- fixed air, 30 of water, and 45 of pure earth. Its felf, it melts eafily with borax, though fcarce fpecific gravity is then 2155. This method of affected by alkalis or the calces of lead; when preparation may answer very well for having a mixed with other earths it produces hard maffes very pure magnesia; but when it is required to of various kinds; when mixed with calcareous, ar- have it very light and spongy, which by those who gillaceous, or filiceous earths, it melts in the fire; ufe it, is looked upon to be the only criterion of and if four times its weight of green glafs be add- its goodness, we muft ufe the following method: ed to it, the mass forms a kind of porcelain sfo Take any quantity of Epsom salt, dissolve it în hard as to ftrike fire with fteel. But neither an boiling water, and filter the folution. Diffolve equal part of the above earths, nor of ponde- alfo half the quantity of good pearl-afh, and filrous earth, glass of lead, vegetable alkali, nor vi- ter this solution. Both these solutions ought to triolated tartar, added feparately to magnefia, be fomewhat diluted; and it will be proper to will melt in the fire: however, when mixed with ufe twice the quantity of water which would common argillaceous earth, it melts into a hard fairly diffolve the falts. Mix the two folutiors mals. Magnefia differs from calcareous earth in when nearly cold, and ftir them very well togehaving a much smaller attraction for fixed air. In ther. Let the mixture ftand for fome hours, unthis refpect it is inferior even to fixed alkaline til the precipitate has fallen to the bottom in form falts; so that it will not render any of these cauf- of a coarse gritty powder. Put the whole then tic, though it will do fo to the volatile alkali. It into a clean copper kettle, under which a modealfo parts very readily with its own fixed air by rate fire is made: Stir it inceffantly with a large mere heat; and it was by making experiments on wooden spatula, to prevent the powder from this fubftance that Dr Black made his firft difco- fticking to the bottom. As the mixture heats, veries concerning FIXED AIR. In its calcined the powder lofes its fandy appearance, and in state, however, it does not thaw any of the cauf- creafes greatly in quantity: fo that, though at ticity of lime, but may be fafely taken internally; firft the mixture was quite thin, with only a fmait and is even preferred by fome to that which con- portion of fandy matter amongst it, before it has tains fixed air. In this ftate it is much lefs fo-attained the boiling heat, it will be fo thick that luble than when combined with fixed air, and does not effervefce with any acid. When mixed with water, a very small degree of heat is excited, and in about 7962 times its weight of water it totally diffolves. It alfo diffolves very readily in aerial acid, by which means it is frequently united with fresh water. For the fame reason, when we mix a folution of perfectly mild alkali, either fixed or volatile, with a folution of magnefra, no precipitation follows; because the great quantity of fixed air, extricated by the union of the acid and alkali, inftantly diffolves the precipitate as faft as it is formed. But if we put this mixture over the fire, it will grow thick, and coagulate as foon as it is heated to a certain degree; because the magnesia is unable to retain, in any confiderable heat, as much fixed airasis neceffary for its folution. On putting magnefia into water, and afterwards drying it, it is found to retain eighteen hundredth parts of its weight of aqueous fluid: but when it can scarce be stirred. When the grittinefs is quite gone, the matter must be put upon a filtering cloth, and warm water poured upon it till it runs infipid. The magnefia is then to be put upon chalk ftones, which will absorb the greatest part of the moisture; and it may at laft be fully dried in a ftove. Magnefia alba is a good abforbent, and undoubtedly to be preferred to crab'seyes, on account of its purgative quality when united with an acid, which the other has not. It has been esteemed hurtful in bilious habits, where there is a difpofition in the ftomach contrary to acidity. This, however, according to Mr Henry, is doubtful; and where putrid bile is to be corrected, he thinks good purposes may be answered by taking magnesia with an acid in a ftate of effervefcence; as the fixed air, thus extricate', will correct the putridity of the contents of the inteftines, while they are at the fame time evacuated downwards. He is alfo of opinion, that in cutaneous mines, and fometimes in very large pieces half magnet half iron. Its colour is different according to the different countries it is brought from. Nor. man obferves, that the beft are those brought from China and Bengal, which are of an irony or fanguine colour; thofe of Arabia are reddifh; thofe of Macedonia, blackish; and thofe of Hungary, Germany, England, &c. the colour of unwrought iron. Neither its figure nor bulk is determinate: it is found of all forms and fizes. The ancients reckoned five kinds of magnets, different in colour and virtue; the Ethiopic, Magnefiau, Boeotic, Alexandrian, and Natolian. They alfo took it to be male and female: but the chief use they made of it was in medicine; especially for the cure of burns and defluxions on the eyes.-The moderns, more happy, employ it to conduct them in their voyages. See Navigation. The moft diftinguishing properties of the magnet are, That it attracts iron, and that it points to the poles of the world; and in other circumftan. ces alfo dips or inclines to a point beneath the horizon, directly under the pole; and that it communicates these properties, by touch, to iron; on which foundation are built the mariner's needles, both horizontal and inclinatory. cutaneous diseases it may enter the circulation in form of a neutral falt, and, by acting as a diaphoretic and diuretic, prove an excellent altera tive. For fome medical purposes, magnesia is ufed in a calcined state; in which cafe it is deprived of its fixed air, and then it proves nearly as aperient as a double quantity of magnesia in its uncalcined state. Mr Henry is of opinion, that it may be useful in diftenfions of the bowels arifing from flatus; that it may be fuccefsfully employed as a cathartic with patients labouring under the ftore, who are ufing the lixivium faponaceum; and that, joined with warm aromatics, it may be of fervice in correcting the great flatulency which fo much afflicts people of a gouty difpofition. From several experiments made by the fame author, it alfo appears that magnesia has a confiderable antifeptic power. The like virtue he afcribes to all kinds of teftaceous powders; whence he concludes, that medicines of this kind are by no means improper in fevers of a putrefcent type; that where bile is fufpected to be the cause of any putrid disease, thofe antifeptics should be prescribed which particularly impede its corruption; that, as calcined magnesia is a more powerful antiseptic than most other absorbents, it merits a preference to thefe; and that where an acid cacochymy prevails, magnesia or other absorbents, taken immediately before or after meal-time, may, by increafing the putrefactive fermentation of animal food, be of very great service. He hath alfo found, that magnefia hath a power of promoting the folution of refinous gums in water; and thus we have an elegant and eafy method of preparing aqueous tinctures from these fubftances. Such tinctures, however, are calculated only for extemporaneous prefcription, as most of them depofit a fediment when they have been kept a week or two. (5.) MAGNESIA BLACK. See MANGANESE. (1.) * MAGNET. n. f. [magnes, Lat.] The loadstone; the ftone that attracts iron. Two magnets, heav'n and earth, allure to blifs, The larger loadstone that, the nearer this. Dryd. -It may be reasonable to afk, Whether obeying the magnet be effential to iron? Locke. (2.) The MAGNET, or LOADSTONE, is a fort of ferruginous stone, in weight and colour refembling iron ore, though somewhat harder and more heavy; endowed with various extraordinary properties, attractive, directive, inclinatory, &c. See IRON, 9; and MAGNETISM. It is alfo called Lapis Heracleus, from Heraclea, a city of Magnefia, a district of ancient Lydia, where it is faid to have been firft found, and from which it is ufually fuppofed to have taken its name. Others derive the word from a fhepherd named MAGNES, who first discovered it with the iron of his crook on mount Ida. It is alfo called Lapis Nauticus, from its ufe in navigation; and SIDEKITES, from its attracting iron, which the Greeks call eing. The magnet is ufually found in iron MAGNETES, the ancient inhabitants of Magnefia, in Theffaly. See MAGNESIA, No 2. * MAGNETICAL. adj. (from magnet.] 1. (1.) * MAGNETICK. Relating to the magnet. Review this whole magnetick scheme. Blackm. -Water is 19 times lighter, and by confequence 19 times rarer, than gold; and gold is fo rare, as very readily, and without the least oppofition, to tranfmit the magnetick effluvia, and eafily to admit quick filver into its pores, and to let water pafs through it. Neaton. 2. Having powers correfpondent to those of the magnet.-The magnet acts upon iron through all dense bodies not magnetick, nor red hot, without any diminution of its virtue; as through gold, filver, lead, glass, water. Newton. 3. Attractive; having the power to draw things diftant.-The moon is magnetical of heat, as the fun is of cold and moisture. Bacon. She, that had all magnetick force alone, To draw and faften hundred parts in one. |