of 50 tons burden, but want of water one part of the year makes the navigation very uncertain. It has a market on Tuesday, and two fairs. The church is a large handsome building, with double aifles, fupported by two rows of fluted pillars. Lon. 2. 15. W. Eat. 51. 42. N. * (I. 1.) LEAD. n. f. [lad, Saxon.] 1. Lead is the heavieft metal except gold and quickfilver. Lead is the fofteft of all the metals, and very little fubject to ruft. The weakeft acids are the beft folvents for lead; it diffolves very readily in aqua fortis diluted with water, as alfo in vinegar. The fmoke of lead works is a prodigious, annoyance, and fubjects both the workmen, and the cattle that graze about them, to a mortal disease. Hill. Mine own tears Do fcald like molten lead. Shak. Of lead, fome I can fhew you fo like fteel, and fo unlike common lead ore, that the workmen call it fteel ore. Boyle.-Lead is employed for the refining of gold and filver by the cupel; hereof is made common cerufs with vinegar; of cerufs, red lead; of plumbum uftum, the beft yellow ochre of lead, and half as much tin, folder for lead. Grew. 2. [In the plural.] Flat roof to walk on; because houses are covered with lead.—. Stalls, bulks, windows, Are fmother'd up, leads fill'd and ridges hors'd Shak. -I would have the tower two ftories, and goodty leads upon the top, raised with statues interpofed. Bacon. (2.) LEAD is one of the imperfect metals, of a dull white colour inclining to blue, the leaft ductile, the leaft elaftic, and the leaft fonorous of the whole; and poffeffes a confiderable degree of fpecific gravity, reaching from 11'3 to 11'479. See CHEMISTRY, Index. (3.) LEAD, GLASS OF. See § 6. and GLASS, § 21. (4.) LEAD, NATIVE. Cronstedt and fome other mineralogifts have doubted whether native lead was ever found in the earth (fee CHEMISTRY, 854.); but the matter is now decided by innumerable teftimonies. It appears from the Philof. Tranf. for 1772, that fome fmall pieces of native lead were found in Monmouthshire, in Wales. Bomare mentions a curious fpecimen of native lead kept in the collection of the abbe Nolin at Paris, that had been found in the lead mines of Pompean, near Rennes. It was very malleable, could be cut with a knife without crumbling, and eafily melted over the flame of a candle. It weighed about 2 lb. was imbedded in an earthy lead ore of a reddish colour; and bad a flaty vein that went through the middle of it. (5.) Lead, OreS OF. See CHEMISTRY, Index. Lead ores are found in various forms: 1. Lead fpar is fometimes tranfparent, but generally opaque, and cryftallized in regular forms of a laminar or ftriated texture. 2. Lead ochre, or native CERUSS, is the fame fubftance, but in a loose form, or indurated and fhapeless. Sometimes it is found in a filky form. Both contain fome iron, calcareous earth, and clay; and both grow red or yellowish when heated. They effervefce with acids, and afford from 60 to 80 or 90 per cent. of fead. They are found in Britanny, Lorrain, Ger, many, and England. M. Sage, of the royal aca demy of Paris, pretended, that the white lead ore from Poulawen in the county of Bretagne, was mineralized by the marine acid; but his mistake was detected by the commiffioners of that aca demy. This ore, according to thefe academicians, is compofed of ftriated cryftals, of a whitish, pale red, or grey colour. There is a lead ore of this kind fometimes grey and fometimes yellow, which is very heavy. Its ftructure is either lamellated or fibrous, and its lamine can hardly be fepara ted; but it is friable, and may be cut with a knife. Sometimes it is cryftallized; and fometimes its fibres are extremely thin, femitransparent, and have a filky look. They effervefce with acids, decrepitate in the fire, and feem to lose the aerial acid by which the lead is mineralized. The fparry lead ore has often a femitransparency like the fparry fluor; its cryftals being generally termina ted by hexahedral prifms, or cylindrical columns, ftriated, and apparently compofed of a great num. ber of filaments. Thefe fparry crystals are always found in the fame places with the galenas or fulphurated lead ores; and feem to be formed from their decompofition after the lofs of their fulphur; fo that it is not uncommon to find galenas which are beginning to pafs into a state of white lead. There is a black ore of lead, which may be fuppofed to be an intermediate ftate betwixt the white lead ore and galena, as it feems to be a true white lead tinged by the hepatic vapours of the fulphur on its parting from the galena. There is alfo a green tranfparent lead, having a more or lefs yellowish caft. It frequently has no regular form, and appears like a kind of mofs. When this green ore is cryftallized, it confifts of hexahedral truncated prifms, terminated by fix-fided pyramids, either entire or truncated in the bafe. Prof. Brunnich fays, that the green and the black lead ores from Saxony, and the Hungarian blue ores, are prismatic. According to Kirwan and Mongez, the green lead ores are either cryftallized in needles, as in Britanny, or in a loose powder, as in Saxony; but moftly adhering to and invefling quartz. They owe their green colour to iron, feldom containing any copper, and are very rare. Brunnich mentions a fapphire-coloured ore once found among fome white lead fpar at Wendish Lemen. It was eafily melted by a blow-pipe. Natural red-lead or minium has been found in fome Siberian mines. It is found either crystallized, or in fhapelefs maffes, or in powder, in which it agrees with the brown or yellow ores. Dr J. R. Forfter brought fome of the crystallized red lead ore from Ruffia. The cryftals were cu bical, and the colour feemed rather pale. The red Siberian ores are perfectly rhombic; thofe from Bohemia have a cubical or rhomboidal form. Sulphur and arfenic are found in the red ones, but the others have not been fufficiently inveftigated. Most of them effervefce with acids. 3. Arfenical lead fpar. Cronstedt fays, that he tried an ore of this kind from an unknown place in Germany, and found that no metal could be melted from it by means of the blow-pipe, as could be done by other fpars; but in a crucible, that part of the arfenic which did not fly off was likewife reduced, and, in the form of grains, dif .12..... perfed, perfed and forced into the lead. Another ore fimilar to this, and which likewife was not eafily reduced by means of the blow-pipe, always thot into polygonal, but chiefly hexagonal cryftals, after being melted, having fhining furfaces, Prof. Brunnich obferves, that thefe ores effervefce with acids, and contain 40 per cent. of lead. 4. The bley-gland of the Germans contains lead mineralized with fulphur alone, and of this there are two or three varieties. At Villach in Auftria there is faid to be found a potter's lead ore containing not the smallest portion of filver. 5. Lead mineralized by the vitriolic acid, is generally in the form of a white mafs, foluble in 18 times its quantity of water. Sometimes it is blackish, and cryftallized in very long ftriæ, or in friable ftalactites; this laft variety efflorefces in the air, and is converted into a true vitriol of lead. According to Mr Kirwan, it does not effervefce, nor is foluble in other acids, but may be reduced by laying it on a burning coal. It originates from the decompofition of fulphurated lead ores. Dr Withering fays, it is found in great quantity in the island of Anglesey; but anited to iron, and not reducible by the blow pipe or charcoal. 6. Lead mineralized by the phofboric acid, was discovered by Mr Gahn. It is of greenifh yellow, or reddith colour, and does fervefce with acids. After folution in nitrous cid, the lead may be precipitated from this ore by the vitriolic acid: 100 grains of lead are proluced from 137 of this precipitate washed and dried. The decanted liquor, evaporated to dryefs, affords the phofphoric acid, from which the nflammable compound may be produced by difillation with charcoal. Seven ounces of this lead ore, from the neighbourhood of Friburg, treated n this manner, yielded by distillation 144 grains of phofphorus. A compound fimilar to this ore may be obtained by mixing pure phofphoric acid that is, fuch is combined with the volatile alkali, for the foffile alkali in the microcofmic falt unders the operation) with red lead. 7. GALENA, POTTERS ORE, in which the metal is minealized by fulphurated filver, According to Mr Kirwan, it is the most common of all the lead res, of a bluish dark lead colour, formed of cubes f a moderate fize, or in grains of a cubic fiure, whose corners have been cut off; its texture lamellar, and its hardness varying in different Decimens. That which is formed into grains is Oppofed to be the richest in filver; but even his contains only about one, or one and a half er cent. that is, about 12 or 18 ounces per uintal; and the pooreft not above 60 grains, res that yield about half an ounce of filver per uintal are barely worth the extracting, Differ, at fpecimens alfo vary in the quantity of fulphur ey contain, from 15 to 25 per cent. and that hich contains the leaft is in fome degree malleae. The proportion of iron in this ore is very mall, but the lead is from 60 to 85 per cent. M. Honnet afferts, that galena is infoluble in the nious acid; but Dr Watfon has shown, that it is ompletely diffolved by the acid when diluted, he fpecific gravity of galena is from 7000 to 780. It yields a yellow flag when melted. M. ourcroy diftinguishes several varieties of this ore, 1. Cubic galena, the cubes of which are of vari ous fizes, and found either fingle or in groups; it is often found with the angles truncated, and is common at Freyberg. 2. In maffes, without any regular configuration; very common at St Marc. 3. With large facets. It does not compofe regu lar crystals, but is entirely formed of large laminæ. 4. With small facets, appearing like mica, compofed of white and very brilliant scales. It is called white filver ore, because it contains a confiderable quantity of that metal. 5. Small-grained galena, fo called because it has a very close grain. It is likewife very rich in filver, and is found with the foregoing ore. No galena, excepting that of Carinthia, is known to be without filver; but it has been obferved, that thofe which afford the moft filver have the smallest facets. 6. Galena cryftallized like lead fpar, in hexagonal prifms or cylindrical columns, contains little filver, and feems to be merely fpathofe lead, mineralized without having loft its form. Cryftals of pure fpathofe lead, entirely covered with a very fine galena, are fometimes found in the fame piece, together with others which are changed into galena throughout. 8. Antimonial lead ore, in which the metal is mineralized by fulphur with filver and regulus of antimony. This is of the fame colour with galena, but its texture is different, being radiated, filamentous, or ftriated. When heated, it yields a white smoke; and it affords from 40 to 50 per cent. of lead, and from oz. to 2 oz. of filver per quintal. 9. Pyritous lead ore, mineralized by fulphur with filver and a large proportion of iron. This is of a brown or yellowith colour; of an oblong or talactitical form; friable; and of a lamellar, ftriated, or loose texture; affording 18 or 20 per cent. of lead at mott, which is obtained merely by melting it, the iron detaining the fulphur. It is only a mixture of galena with the brown pyrites. 10. Lead mineralized by arfenic was lately dif covered in Siberia, It is of a pale colour 'externally, but internally of a deep red. It is for the moft part cryftallized in rhomboidal parallelo. pipeds, or irregular pyramids. Lehman says, that it contains fulphur, arfenic, and about 54 per cent. of lead; and Mr Pallas fays, that it contains fome filver alto. It was found near Catherineburg in Siberia; and Lehman fays, that on being reduced to powder, it resembled the best carmine. A fpecimen examined by Mongez was of a yellow greenish colour, and was found among quartz in the fame country, and contained fome arfenic. Both thefe, according to M. Magellan, may be easily reduced by a blow-pipe. 11. Stoney or fandy lead ores, confift either of the calciform or galena kind, intimately mixed and diffused through ftones and earth, chiefly of the calcareous or barytic genus. To this fpecies Mongez refers the earthy lead ore, faifely called native mafficot, found in the lead mines of Pompean, principally in folid pieces. Thefe are either yellowish or grey: they appear bright, like glass when broken, and effervefce with acids; whence it appears that the ore contains fixed air. Sometimes it is mixed with clay. 12. The mine of Morngenftern at Freyberg has a peculiar variety of lead ore containing ålver, which deferves to be noticed on ac M 2 count count of its yellowish brown colour, and likewife on account of its fingular figure, which confifts of flender cylinders. Sometimes it is found in dendritical forms, like the knit kobalt. Moft of the ores of lead contain filver; and thofe kinds of galena which do not, are very scarce. In Hungery and Transylvania, the lead ore contains a quantity of gold as well as filver. Sometimes the potters ores are found fo poor in filver, that it is not worth the expense of extracting it. Thefe, when free from mixtures of the rock, are employed without any fufion to glaze earthen ware; and a confiderable trade is carried on in the Mediterrane with fuch ores from the mines of Sardinia and France. " extremely difficult to find pieces of a few inches diameter among hundred weights of this glass, that fhall be quite free from filaments and striæ. By chance the late Mr Dollond procured a pot of pure flint glafs, from which he made the admired triple object lenses of three feet and a half focus, which have been fo much adinired; but no fuch other glafs has yet been found, though very confiderable premiums have been offered for the method of producing the best kind of glafs for optical inftruments. All the calces of lead, efpecially minium, have a great attraction for fixed air. If therefore we should defire a calx of lead in perfect purity, it must be kept defended from the contact of air, or flightly calcined before it is ufed, to feparate the fixed air it may have abforbed. When expofed to the air, it tarnishes in proportion to the dampnefs of the air, and contracts a white ruft, which is not a pure calx, but combined with the fixed air imbibed from the atmofphere. It is not altered by pure water; and therefore we must conclude, that the whitish cruft with which the internal part of lead pipes through which water runs is ufually covered, must be‚owing to the faline fubftances contained in the water. M. Magellan endeavours to account for the phænomena of the calination of lead, by the exploded doctrine of phlogifton; but they can only be accounted for upon the Lavoilierian fyftem. (See CHEMISTRY.) Cauftic alkaline lixivia, boiled on lead, diffolve a small quantity of it, and corrode more. Plants do not thrive fo well in leaden as in earthen veffels. (7.) LEAD, POISONOUS EFFECTS OF. Lead, when taken into the human body, is productive of various diforders, particularly a dangerous kind of cholic terminating in a palfy; and as all the common earthen ware is glazed with minium, the ufe of it cannot be fuppofed to be void of danger in all cafes. Fountains, or veffels of lead which contain water, often communicate a noxious quality to it when fuffered to remain long full. Its vapour is dangerous to the workmen who melt it, and the fumes falling upon the grafs render it poi fongus to the cattle who eat it; the fifh who in (6.) LEAD, PHENOMENA AND PROPERTIES OF. Lead unites with most metals, except iron; when exposed to heat, it melts long before it is ignited. By a ftrong heat it becomes volatile, and flies off in vapours. If fuffered to cool very flowly, and the melted portion be poured off from that which is become folid, it is found to be cryftallized in quadrangular pyramids. When melted with the contact of air, it foon becomes covered with a grey dull pellicle, which by proper management is converted into MINIUM, as explained under CHEMISTRY; and by this operation it becomes heavier by about 10 lb. in the 100. By too much heat minium lofes its beautiful red colour, and affumes that of a pale yellow: by a heat ftill more violent, it melts into a tranfparent glafs, fo fufible that it penetrates the crucible and efcapes. But if one part of fand be added to three parts of calg of lead, the fand melts, by the affiftance of the calx, into a beautiful amber-coloured glafs. With two parts of lead and one of fand, it refembles a topaz. A fimilar quantity of the calx of lead, added to common glafs, does not alter its tranf parence, but gives it a greater degree of weight, and more especially a kind of unctuoufnefs, which renders it capable of being cut and polifhed more eafily without breaking. This glafs is very proper for making achromatic lenfes; but is fubject to veins, and to have a gelatinous appear ance."The English (fays M. Fourcroy) call it Aint-glass; our workmen find great difficulty inhabit the waters near fmelting-houfes foon 'die, felecting pieces of any confiderable magnitude, exempt from ftriæ, in that which is imported from England." This great imperfection feems, in Macquer's opinion, to depend on the principles of the glafs not being uniformly combined: for that purpose it is neceffary that it fhould be kept in fufion for a long time; but as the lead would by that means be diffipated, the flint-glafs would lofe a part of its denfity and unctuoufnefs, which are its chief merit. M. Magellan tells us, that it is the pureft calx of lead called minium, made immediately from the metal, and the most pure quartzous fand, with pure mineral alkali, or rather with good nitre, that produce, when properly melted, the beft flint-glafs. The greater the proportion of red lead, the heavier is the glass, and of courfe its refraction the greater; an effential requifite for fuch glafs as is employed for the lenfes of achromatic telescopes. It muft, however be obferved, that glafs made with lead has the defect of being of unequal density, for want of a perfect mixture of all its parts; fo that it is nor is it fafe for any animal to drink it. In cafes of poisoning by lead, antimonial emetics are recommended. Navier_prefcribes liver of fulphur and hepatic waters. The internal use of lead is certainly dangerous, though it is often prefcribed in medicine; and even the external use of it is not altogether fafe. Certain it is, that all workmen who deal much in lead, are fubject to the cholic above mentioned from the habitual contact of the metal or its calces, even though they neither take it internally, nor are exposed to its fumes. See $12. (8.) LEAD, RED. See CHEMISTRY, Index; and MINIUM. (9) LEAD, SALT OF. See PHARMACY, Index. (10.) LEAD, SHEET. See PLUMBERY. (11.) LEAD, SUGAR OF. See CHEMISTRY, and PHARMACY, Index. (12.) LEAD, USES OF. In Holland it has been cuftomary to correct the mott offenfive expreffed oils, as that of rape-feed and rancid oils of almonds or olives, by impregnating them with lead. This dangerous dofe, fufficient to expofe thofe who ufe veffels made of this compofition to the greatest danger." There are feveral methods used by pewterers to discover the fineness of tin. This is done in fome cafes by fimple inspection, the judgment being affifted by the weight and noise produced in bendthe-specific gavity of the metal; which will difcover a very fmall quantity of lead, the difference in gravity betwixt the two metals being very confiderable. (13.) LEAD, WATER OF. See PHARMACY. (14.) LEAD, WHITE. See CHEMISTRY, and PHARMACY, Index. dangerous abuse may be difcovered by mixing a little of that oil with a folution of orpiment made in lime-water: for, on fhaking them together, and fuffering them to reft, the oil, if it has any faturnine tint, will appear of an orange red; but if pure, of a pale yellowish one. A fimilar abufe has also been practifed with acid wines, which difing the metal. But the beft method is by trying folve as much of the lead as communicate a sweetifh tafte. This is discovered in a fimilar manner; and upon this principle is founded the liquor probatorius, or teft-liquor. This liquor is merely a folution of orpiment or liver of fulphur in lime water. If a few drops of this folution be put in a glass of the fufpected liquor, it will exhibit a precipitation like a dark-coloured cloud. This is owing to the (II.) * LEAD. n. s. [from the verb.] Guidance; attachment of the lead to the fulpur in the orpi- firft place: a low defpicable word.-Yorkshire ment. If lead, or its calces, in powder, be mix. takes the lead of the other counties. Herring. ed with a folution of hepar fulphuris, a decompo- (H.) LEAD, BLACK, OF PLUMBAGO, a genus fition ensues, but the alkali is not thus deprived of inflammable fubftances, frequently confoundedof its fulphur. Inftead of this, it is re-converted with MOLYBDENA; the appearance of which is into vitriolated tartar." Lead cannot be united nearly the fame, though the qualities are very difwith iron; but if both are exposed to the fire in a ferent. See CHEMISTRY, Index. Black lead, when proper veffel, the lead fcorifies the iron, after pure, is extremely black; but when fresh cut, apwhich it melts with the calx into a dark-coloured pears of a bluish white, and fhining like lead. It glafs. This property which lead poffeffes, of re- is micaceous, and minutely fcaly; eafily broken, ducing all the imperfect metals to a glafs, is the and of a granular and dull appearance when broreafon of its being used in the REFINING, or pu- ken. Its tract on paper is much darker than that rification of gold and filver; neither of which can of molybdæna, which has a fine filvery appearbe touched by it, but remain pure in the bottom-ance; by which means they are eafily distinguish of the cupel. This procefs is the more complete, ed.. Black lead is too soft to ftrike fire with steel; by reafon of the great efficacy of lead in diffolving it is infoluble in acids; but in a very strong fire, earthy bodies. In this refpect it is fo powerful a when expofed to the air at the fame time, it is enflux, that no earthen veffel or crucible can con- tirely volatile, leaving only a little iron and a small tain it when fufed, of whatever materials the vef- quantity of filiceous earth. It may be decompo fel be made. A mixture of raw and burned clay fed by deflagration with nitre; but the common ftands the action of lead for the greateft length of fluxes are not capable of procuring its fufion. Its time; but at last this also gives way, and is cor- fpecific gravity is from 1987 to 2'267. Various roded in the fides. LITHARGE, a fort of refufe contradictory theories have been formed respectof lead, is employed in the compofition of all the ing this mineral, and various experiments made finer glaffes called PASTES, which are defigned as to prove them, by Meffrs Scheele, Pelletier, Prieftimitations of precious ftones. The addition of li- ley, Kirwan, Gahn, Hielm, Pott, Cronstedt, Quist, tharge renders them more folid and brilliant. The andall other eminent chemifts; but these theories be principal ingredients are the pureft of flint, puri ing all founded on the imaginary principle of PHLOfied alkali, borax, and litharge; the other addi GISTON, it is unneceffary to take notice of them. tions, chiefly of metallic calces, are added, mere... Black lead is found of different kinds; viz. 1. Of - i ly for the fake of tinging them with various co- a fteel-grained and dull texture; naturally black, lours. Lead is employed in making various vef but when rubbed affording a dark lead colour. fels, as cifterns for water, large, boilers for chemia. Of a granulated and fcaly appearance at the cal and other purposes, &c. It is frequently mixed with tin by the pewterers; a practice which M. Fourcroy fets forth as very dangerous, and gives the following procefs for detecting it: Dif folve 2 oz. of the fufpected metal in- oz. of a good pure nitrous acid. The calx of tin is to be washed with 4 lb. of distilled water, and dried, and the water evaporated by the beat of a water bath. By this evaporation nitre of lead is procured; which being calcined, the weight of the refidue fhows the quantity of metal contained in the tin, allowing a few grains for the augmentation of weight arifing from calcination, as well as the other metallic fubftances, fuch as zinc and copper, which the tin under examination may contain. Bayan and Charlard by this method afcertained, that fine wrought tin or pewter contains about 10 lb. of lead in the 100; and that the common tin fold in France under that name, often contains 25 lb. in the fame quantity; an enormous fame time. It is found in different countries, as Germany, France, Spain, the Cape of Good Hope, and America, but generally in fmall quantities, and of very different qualities. The best fort, however, and the fittest for making pencils, is found in Cumberland, at a place called Borrowdale, where it abounds fo much, that hence not only the whole inland of Britain, but the whole continent of Europe, may be faid to be fupplied. "I have feen (fays M. Magellan) various fpecimens from different countries; but their coarfe texture and bad quality cannot bear any comparifon with that of Borrowdale; though it fometimes, but feldom, contains pyritaceous particles of iron. It is but a few years ago, that this mine feemed to be almost exhausted; but by digging fome few yards through the ftrata underneath, according to the advice of an experienced miner, whofe opinion had been long unattended to, a very thick and rich vein of the best black lead has been been discovered, to the great joy of the proprietors and advantage of the public." The principal use of black lead is for making pencils for draw. ing; which have the advantage of marking paper very diftinctly for a time, though their traces may afterwards be entirely rubbed out by a soft bread or elastic gum. To form the pencils, the lead is cut into thin parallelopipeds, and put into quadrangular groves cut in pieces of cyprus wood; and a fit being glued over, they are worked into small cylinders like quills. A coarfer kind are made by working up the powder of black lead with fulphur, or fome mucilaginous substance; but these anfwer only for carpenters, or some very coarse drawings. One part of plumbago with 3 of clay,, and fome cows hair, makes an excellent coating for retorts, as it keeps its form even after the retorts have melted. The famous crucibles of Ypfen are formed of plumbago mixed with clay. These are called in Britain Heffian crucibles; but a manufacture of the fame kind is now established at Chelsea, near London, where crucibles are manufactured nearly of the fame quality with the foreign ones. The powder of black lead ferves alfo to cover the ftraps for razors; and with it the caft iron work, fuch as ftoves, &c. receive a glofs on their surface. An application, however, perhaps as ufeful as any other, is to fmooth the furfaces of wooden work which are subjected to much friction, as wooden screws, packers preffes, &c.; neither greafy nor oily fubftances, nor foapy ointments, produce fuch a good effect upon them as black lead. In the new nomenclature, it is ftyled Carbure of Iron. See CHEMISTRY, Index, and Vocab. I. (1.) * To LEAD. y. n. [from the noun.] To fit with lead in any manner. He fashioneth the clay with his arm, he applieth himself to lead it over; and he is diligent to make clean the furnace. Eccluf, xxxviii. 30.-There is a traverse placed in a loft, at the right hand of the chair, with a privy door, and a carved window of glass leaded with gold and blue, where the mother fitteth. Bacon. (2.) To LEAD. v. a. preter, I led; part. led. [ladan, Saxon; leiden, Dutch.] 1. To guide by the hand. From that place I shall no leading need. Shak. -Doth not each on the Sabbath loose his ox or his afs from the stall, and lead him away to was tering? Luke xiii. 15.-They thrust him out of the city, and led him unto the brow of the hill. Luke iv. 29. 2. To conduct to any place. Save to every man his wife and children, that they may lead them away, and depart. 1 Sam. xxx. 22.-Then brought he me out of the way, and led me about the way without into the outer gate. Exek. xlvii. 2.—He maketh me to lie down in green paftures: he leadeth me befide the ftill waters. Pfal. xxii. z. 3. To conduct as head or commander.-Would you lead forth your army against the enemy, and seek him where he is to fight? Spenfer He turns head 'gainst the lion's armed jaws; And being no more in debt to years than thou, Leads ancient lords, and rev'rend bishops, on To bloody battles. Shak. If thou wilt have Shak. Coriol, Milt. Agon. The leading of thy own revenges, take One half of my commiffion. He led me on to mightieft deeds, Above the nerve of mortal arm. Chrift took upon him flesh and blood, that he might conquer and rule nations, lead armies, or poffefs places. South.-He might mufter his family up, and lead them out against the Indians, to feek reparation upon any injury. Locke. 4. To introduce by going firft.-Which may go out before them, and which may go in before them, and which may lead them out, and which may bring them in. Numb. xxvii. 17.—', Hefperus that leads the fun his way. Fairf 5. To guide; to show the method of attaining.— Human teftimony is not so proper to lead us into the knowledge of the effence of things, as to acquaint us with the exiftence of things. Watts. 6. To draw; to entice; to allure.-Appoint him a meeting, give him a fhow of comfort, and lead him on with a fine baited delay. Shak.-The lord Cottington, being a master of temper, knew how to lead him into a mistake, and then drive him into choler, and then expofe him. Clarendon. 7. To induce; to prevail on by pleafing motives.What I did, I did in honour, Led by th impartial conduct of my foul. Shak, He was driven by the neceflities of the times, more than led by his own difpofition, to any rigour of actions. K. Charles-What I fay will have little influence on those whofe ends lead them to with the continuance of the war. Swift. 8. To pass; to spend in any certain manner The fweet woman leads an ill life with him. Safeft thy life. Shak Milton. Him, fair Lavinia, thy furviving wife, Shall breed in groves, to lead a folitary life. Dryden. Luther's life was led up to the doctrines be preached, and his death was the death of the righteous. Fr. Atterb-Celibacy, as then practifed in the church of Rome, was commonly for ced, taken up under a bold vow, and led in all uncleannefs. Fr. Atterb.-This diftemper is moft incident to fuch as lead a fedentary life. Arbath. (3.)* To LEAD. v. n. 1. To go first, and thow the way. I will lead on foftly, according as the cattle that goeth before me, and the children be able to endure. Gen. xxxiii. 2. To conduct as a commander.-Cyrus was beaten and flain under the leading of a woman, whofe wit and conduct made a great figure. Temple. 3. To fhow the way, by going first. He left his mother a countefs by patent, which was a new leading example, grown before fomewhat rare. Wotton. -The way of maturing of tobacco must be from the heat of the earth or fun; we fee fome leading of this in mufk melons fown upon a hot-bed dunged below. Bacon.→→→ The veffels heavy-laden put to fea With prosp'rous gales, a woman leads the way. Dryden. LEAD-BRASH, a difeafe incident to brutes inhabiting LEAD-HILLS, Occafioned by the poifonpus |