On an Missouri territory, in North America, bounded south-east by Apple Creek, north by the Merimack river, north-east by the Mississippi. Upon the latter it extends upwards of 100 miles. Its limits to the west are indefinite. The land is various, and perhaps less fertile than some of the neighbouring districts. It is rich, however, in minerals, particularly lead and salt. The town extends itself back upon ground considerably more elevated than the river. elevation in the rear of the town a handsome stone building has been erected for an academy, which commands a fine prospect. This town has a considerable trade, being a place of depôt for the lead obtained from the famous mines on the Marameck, and also the store-house from which those employed in working in the mines obtain their principal supplies. The mines are about fifty miles west of this town, and are so rich that 100 lbs. of the ore will yield eighty or ninety of fine lead. Inhabitants about 1500. The produce under the present management is about 100 tons annually. GENEVIEVE BAY, a bay on the coast of Newfoundland, in the straits of Belleisle, twenty miles north of St. John's Bay. GENEVOIS, a province of Savoy, bounded on one side by a part of the French frontier, on another by Savoy Proper. It lies to the southward of Geneva, and came to the house of Savoy in the fifteenth century. Its surface is mountainous, but cultivated with great and well-rewarded care. It belonged to France from 1793 to 1815, forming a part of the department of Mont Blanc. Population 70,000. GENEVRE, MONT, a celebrated mountain of the Alps, the boundary between Piedmont and France. Its altitude is about 6000 feet above the level of the sea; but the top, on which is a village and monastery, is of comparatively mild temperature. It is nine miles from Briançon. GENIAL, adj. Į Lat. genialis. That which GENIALLY, adv. contributes to propagation; support; mental endowments or cheerfulness. Nor will the light of life continue long, Milton. Id. Higher of the genial bed by far, And with mysterious reverence I deem. Some men are genially disposed to some opinions, and naturally averse to others. It chiefly proceedeth from natural incapacity, and genial indisposition. Browne's Vulgar Errours. Glanville. Creator Venus, genial power of love, The Spring drew near, each felt a breast They paired, and would have built a nest, Pope. Cowper. GENIC'ULATED, adj. Į Latin geniculaGENICULATION, n. s. tus. The quality in plants of having knobs or joints. A piece of some geniculated plant seeming to be part of a sugar-cane. Woodward on Fossils. GENII, in the Mahommedan theology, a sort of intermediate beings, supposed to exist between men and angels. They are of a grosser fabric than the latter, but much more active and powerful than the former. Some of them are good, others bad, and they are capable of future salvation or damnation like men. The orientals pretend that these genii inhabited the world many thousand years before the creation of Adam, under several princes, who all bore the common name of Solomon; that falling at length into an almost general corruption, Eblis was sent to drive them into a remote part of the earth, there to be confined; and that some of that generation still remaining, were by Tahmurath, one of the ancient kings of Persia, forced to retreat into the famous mountain of Kaf. Of this king's successions and wars they have also many fabulous and romantic stories. They likewise suppose several ranks and degrees or different species among this kind of beings; some being peculiarly called Jin, or genii; some Peri, or fairies; some Div, or giants; and others Tocwins, or fates. GENIO, n. s. Ital. genio; Lat. genius. A man of a particular turn of mind. Some genios are not capable of pure affection ; and a man is born with talents for it as much as for poetry, or any other science. Tatler. GENIOSTOMA, in botany, a genus of the monogynia order and pentandria class of plants: CAL. a turbinated quinquefid perianthium: COR. monopetalous and tubular; the stamina five short filaments; the antheræ oblong: SEED numerous and subangulated, placed on a filiform receptacle. Species one only; a native of the island of Tama. GENISTA, broom, or dyers'-weed, a genus of the decandria order, and diadelphia class of plants; natural order thirty-second, papilionaceæ: CAL. bilabiate, the upper lip bidentated, the under one tridenate; the vexillum is oblong and reflexed, turned back from the pistil and stamina. There are several species; of which the following are the most remarkable : G. cytisus, or cytiso-genista, or common broom; which is too well known to need description. Its young flowers are sometimes preserved as pickles; and the plant, when burnt, affords a tolerably pure alkaline salt. Dr. Mead relates the case of a dropsical patient, who was cured by taking half a pint of a decoction of green broom tops, with a spoonful of whole white mustard seed, every morning and evening. The patient had been tapped three times, and tried the usual remedies before. An infusion of the seeds, drunk freely, has been known to produce similar happy effects. Cows, horses, and sheep, refuse the plant. G. tinctoria is also a native of Britain. It rises with shrubby stalks three feet high, garnished with spear-shaped leaves, placed alternate, and terminated by several spikes of yellow flowers, succeeded by pods. The branches are used by dyers for giving a yellow color, from whence it is called dyers'-broom, green-wood, wood-waxen, or dyers'-weed. A dram and a half of the powdered seeds operates as a mild purgative. A decoction of the plant is diuretic; and, like the former, has proved serviceable in dropsical cases. Horses, cows, goats and sheep, eat it. GENITALS, n. s. Lat. genitalis. The organs of generation. Ham is conceived to be Jupiter, who was the youngest son, who is said to have cut off the genitals Browne. of his father. GENITES, among the Hebrews, those descended from Abraham without any mixture of foreign blood. The Greeks distinguished by the name of genites, such of the Jews as were issued from parents who, during the Babylonish captivity, had not allied with any gentile family. GENITING, n. s. A corruption of janeton, an early apple gathered in June. In July come early pears and plumbs in fruit, genitings and codlins. Bacon. GENITIVE, adj. Lat. genitivus. In grammar, the name of a case, which, among other relations, signifies one begotten, as, the father of a son; or one begetting, as, son of a father. The GENITIVE is the second case of the declension of nouns. The relation of one thing considered as belonging in some manner to another, occasioned, in the Greek and Latin, a peculiar termination of nouns called the genitive case; but in the modern tongues a particle is prefixed to express the relation of this case. In English we prefix the particle of; in French de or du, &c.; though in strictness there are no cases in either of these languages; inasmuch as they do not express the different relations of things by different terminations, but by prepositions. GENIUS, n. s. Fr. genie; Lat. genius. A fabled ruling power; a person of superior mental faculties; peculiar disposition or nature. GENII, n. s. Plural of genius, and always used in its primary sense: the annexed illustration is an example. If there be infinite planetary and firmamental worlds, as some will, there be infinite Genii, or commanding spirits belonging to each of them. Burton. Anat. Mel. But if it be thei of evil life, Chaucer. Romaunt of the Rose. Spenser's Faerie Queene. There is none but he Whose being I do fear and, under him, My genius is rebuked; as it is said Antony's was by Cæsar. Shakspeare. Macbeth. The genius and the mortal instruments Are then in council; and the state of man, Like to a little kingdom, suffers then. Shakspeare. And as I awake, sweet musick breathe, Sent by some spirit to mortals good, Or the' unseen genius of the wood. For they 'tis credible have sense As we of love and reverence; Milton. The Genius of the house do bind. Marvell. Waller. The state and order does proclaim The genius of that royal dame. And the tame demon that should guard my throne Shrinks at a genius greater than his own. Dryden. To your glad genius sacrifice this day; Let common meats respectfully give way. Id. Studious to please the genius of the times, With periods, points, and tropes, he slurs his crimes. Id Id. A happy genius is the gift of nature. Your majesty's sagacity, and happy genius for natu ral history, is a better preparation for enquiries of this kind than all the dead learning of the schools. Burnet's Theory. Preface. There is no little writer of Pindarick who is not mentioned as a prodigious genius. Addison. When I read au author of genius without method, I fancy myself in a wood that abounds with many noble objects, rising among one another in the greatest confusion and disorder. Id. Spectator. In Poets, as true Genius is but rare, True Taste as seldom is the Critic's share; Both must alike from Heaven derive their light These born to judge, as well as those to write. Pope's Essay on Criticism. Chaucer, whose native manners-painting verse Well mortalized, shines through the Gothic cloud Of time and language o'er thy genius thrown. In fashioning the character, and in giving impulse and direction to genius, the influence of habit is certainly very great. Beattie. There is a tomb in Arqua ;-reared in air, Pillared in their sarcophagus, repose The bones of Laura's lover: here repair Many familiar with his well-sung woes, The pilgrims of his genius-He arose To raise a language, and his land reclaim From the dull yoke of her barbaric foes : Watering the tree which bears his lady's name With his melodious tears, he gave himself to fame. Byron. Childe Harold. GENIUS, a good or evil spirit or damon, whom the ancients supposed set over each person, to direct his birth, accompany him in life, and to be his guard. See DEMON. Among the Romans, Festus observes, the name genius was given to the god who had the power of doing all things, deum qui vim obtineret rerum omnium gerendarum: which Vossius, de Idol., rather chooses to read genendarum, who has the power of producing all things: by reason Censorinus frequently uses gerere for gignere. Festus adds, that Aufustius spake of the genius as the Son of God, and the Father of men, who gave them life; others represented the genius as the tutelary god of each place; and it is certain, the last is the most usual meaning of the word. The ancients had their genii of nations, of cities, of provinces, &c. The following was a very common inscription on their medals, GENIUS POPULI ROM. The genius of the Roman people.' The Platonists, and other eastern philosophers, supposed the genii to inhabit the vast region of air between earth and heaven : that they were a sort of intermediate powers, who acted as mediators between gods and men : that they were the interpreters and agents of the gods; communicated their wills to men; and the prayers and vows of men to the gods. As they thought it below the majesty of the gods to enter into such trifling concerns, they esteemed this the lot of the genii, whose nature was a mean between the two; who derived immortality from the one, and passions from the other; and who had a body framed of an aerial matter. Most of the philosophers, however, held, that the genii of particular men were born and died with them; and Plutarch attributes the ceasing of oracles partly to the death of the genii. See ORACLE. Those heathens, who considered the genii as the guardians of particular persons, believed that they rejoiced and were afflicted at the good or ill fortune that befel their wards. They never, or very rarely, appeared to them, and then only in favor of some person of extraordinary virtue or dignity. They likewise held a great difference between the genii of different men; and that some were much more powerful than others: on this principle a wizard in Appian bids Antony keep at a distance from Octavius, as Antony's genius was inferior to and stood in awe of that of Octavius. There were also evil genii, who took a pleasure in persecuting men, and bringing them evil tidings; such was that in Paterculus, &c., which appeared to Brutus the night before the battle of Philippi. GENNESARETH, in ancient geography, a lake of Lower Galilee, called also Cinnereth, Cinereth, or Chinnereth, by Moses; 140 stadia in length, and forty in breadth; abounding in fish. St. Matthew calls it the Sea of Galilee, and St. John the Sea of Tiberias. GENOA (Ital. Genova), a handsome maritime city of Italy, formerly the capital of a republican state of this name, which extended along the shores of that part of the Mediterranean called the gulf of Genoa. This territory, while independent, was described as about 152 miles in length, but varying in its breadth from eight to twenty miles. It was bounded on the north by Piedmont, the Milanese, and the Parmesan, on the east by the states of the duke of Tuscany, on the south by the Mediterranean Sea, and on the west by the county of Nice. It was a part of the ancient Liguria, whence the French named it in modern times the Ligurian Republic. It lies between 7° 27′ and 9° 25′ E. long., and between 43° 40′ and 45° 0' N. lat. It was transferred to Sardinia by the congress of Vienna, and now forms a province of that kingdom. The city of Genoa rises from the northern extremity of the gulf in the form of an amphitheatre, the hill on which it is situated exhibiting its large white houses, and numerous public edifices, in striking contrast with the dark cliffs of the shore, and the naked sterility of the Appennines behind them. On the land side a double wall surrounds this ancient abode of commerce and the arts: the inner one is about six miles in circuit; the outer, called the Nuova Thura, including several hills, is perhaps twice that length. Two of the streets at one time consisted entirely of a double straight row of magnificent palaces: and the Strada Balbi, the Strada Nuova, and the Strada Nuovissima, are still spoken of by travellers as having a striking and magnificent coup d'œil. The others, though clean and well paved, are generally narrow, crooked, and some of them remarkably steep. The palaces of the ci-devant nobility are almost all of marble, and many of them are painted on the outside. That where the doge resided, and where the great and little council, and the two colleges of the procuratori and governatori assembled, is a large stone building in the centre of the city. It contains some fine paintings in fresco; two statues of Andrew and John Doria in white marble; and an arsenal, which used to contain arms for 34,000 men, and thirty-three coats of mail, which, it is said, were worn by as many Genoese heroines in a crusade. The residences of the Darazzo, Doria, Pallavicini, Balbi, and Corrego families are also much admired. Many of the façades of these palaces are painted in fresco in a very superior style. The Palazzo Durazzo, still belonging to a signore of that name, is one of the finest in Genoa. Lady Morgan's lively description of it will give the reader a correct idea both of the rest of these edifices and the existing manners of the Genoese. The superb portico is ornamented with columns of white marble of the Doric order-its vast court is rich in architecture, fountains, and hanging terraces, and four flights of broad marble steps lead to its immense anti-chamber, the first apartment of that attic suite, called in Genoa the Mezzari Nobili Superiori; for the household economy of Genoa, as in many other cities of Italy, is the reverse of what it is in England. The narrow street and high dark opposite walls make the lower floors exceedingly disagreeable and gloomy; and the garret contains the rooms of state and ceremony, the cabinets of the relics of former grandeur; while the impoverished or degenerated lords are niched into an entresol, or mezzanini, half way between the first floor and the last. The porticoes, or entrances of the Genoese palaces, resemble in nothing the hall of a noble English residence, or the court of a French hotel. There is no sturdy porter to be roused from his leathern convenience,' to give or deny admission, with a growl and a frown: no bluff Swiss, nor maniérée demoiselle, to pop their head over the half-door of the lodge, and receive commands and answer enquiries. The sole occupant of these magnificent structures (where there is any) is a cobbler, perhaps, or a stocking-grafter, who pays for being permitted to ply his profession amidst the sculptures of Michael Angelo and the frescoes of Carloni, by keeping out dogs, or preventing the idle and the filthy from sleeping on the stairs, or corridors,-all open to public intrusion. In one of the porticoes of these beautiful palaces we found a mattress-cleaner very busy at his filthy work; and in the nobler apartments of another, the anti-room was occupied by a laundress. Several of the lower and lesser rooms were hired out to poor tradesmen; and many of the superior apartments were occupied by the ministers of the corps diplomatique Some, however, were inhabited by the noble families to whom they belonged; but in the auturn almost all the Genoese aristocracy are at their villas. It was to one of these Jobsons we were frequently indebted (when we went alone) for information of how we were to proceed, or which flight of stairs we were to ascend, or where we had a chance of finding the custode or person retained for showing the palace: but their Genoese jargon occasionally prevented our deriving any benefit from their information:-though all the lower orders understand Italian, few speak it. 'As we ascended the magnificent stairs of the Durazzo, we met a half-starved dog chasing down a hen; and, after repeatedly ringing at the folding doors of the anti-room of the Mezzari nobili superiori, they were at last thrown open by a man with a boot on one hand and a brush in the other-who, at once understanding the object of our visit, drew on a fine old livery coat, which hung upon a marble bust by Filippo Parodi, and led the way through that long and interminable suite of apartments, whose walls were enriched with chefs-d'œuvre of the arts, whose floors were of marble, and whose roofs were of gold. Galleries, cabinets, terraces, rooms variously named and variously decorated, appeared in endless succession-all covered with dust, touched by decay, and abandoned to solitude. Still there is something very fine in the Genoese nobility, under the weight of their ruined fortunes and depressed spirits, retaining these noble mansions, preserving the least of their countless objects of art, and consecrating these images of their ancient wealth and influence to the memory of their nation's past prosperity, and to the admiration of foreign curiosity. They can indeed no longer spread the splendid board, nor fill the gilded hall; but their palaces are still open to gratify the stranger's research, and to improve his taste. They are not even closed against the visitors of that nation who imposed the chain, while they accepted the rites of hospitality; and who, under the semblance of liberty and friendship, betrayed the confidence, and broke the trust, reposed in them by their generous hosts. 'The architectural defects of the Palazzo Durazzo appear to be the breaking up of its vastness into a number of small rooms; each indeed interesting, as bearing the name of the great master whose works cover its walls; but defective as forming a part of the great whole. Even the famous gallery is but a long narrow strip, infinitely too small for its splendid and curious collection of statues and sculptures, ancient and modern. The ornaments and roof of this apartment, all of the richest carving, gilding, and painting, are by Parodi. The frescoes represent the destruction of the four great empires; a good republican subject, and curiously treated. Each empire is represented by some of its well-known historical tyrants, as Darius, Sardanapalus, Pto-. lemy, and Augustulus, surrounded by Syrensthe Montespans, Pompadours, Nell Gwins, &c. of antiquity. Besides the historical paintings of the great masters, the family portraits of the Durazzo, as in all the other palaces, by such painters as Titian, Vandyke, and Tintoretto, are of great interest. Here, in their habits of ceremony, as doges and ambassadors, range the ancient Durazzi, with all their insignia of wealth and splendor. Here too with large, languid, dark eyes, and primitive airs, still bloom the Madonna Francescas, Caterinas, and other beauties of this distinguished house. Some of them are encircled (as the mothers of free states should be) by their children; and all of them, clothed in the stand-on-end velvet of the Genoese looms, exhibit great richness of ornament, and are covered with Venetian chains and foreign gems, the produce of their husbands' commerce in the Levant. Among these domestic portraits, we found a picture of our own unfortunate Anne Boleyn, by Holbein. It is extremely curious for its costume; but in the meagre red-haired lady, here represented, there is nothing to excuse the adulterous passion of Henry VIII, though something to account for his cutting off a head, which had not one charm to plead for it. Holbein, though a bold, was a most unlovely painter. Opposite to Anne Boleyn hangs a delicious picture of the holiest and fairest of royal saints, queen Catherine of Sweden, by that painter whose type of beauty was all divine, yet all melancholy, the true delineator of a crucified Deity-Carlo Dolce! The Sala Paolo, so called from its chefd'œuvre, by Paul Veronese, is the most interesting of the suite, merely because it does contain this picture, so well known, so often and so accurately copied, so delightful to gaze on, so dangerous to describe. The subject is Mary Magdalen at the feet of Christ in the house of the Pharisee. Never was a sacred subject so humanly conceived, more divinely executed.' · Genoa is the see of an archbishop who presides over the four suffragan dioceses into which the former republic is divided. The established religion is Catholic, but all other sects (including even the Jews) are tolerated. There is an old university here having a vast library, but all the faculties' seem to languish within its walls. Before the late revolutionary times, the number of churches in Genoa was thirty-two, and of religious houses seventy. Several of the former are master-pieces of architecture, but all are most gaudily ornamented. The church of the Annunciation, and the cathedral, are the most admired. That of Carignano was built at the expense of a single citizen, whose grandson erected the bridge of that name, which joins two hills, and forms one of the most favorite promenades. The theatres are three in number. The great hospital for the sick and infirm, aud the Albergo dei Poveri, or poor-house, are noble buildings; but their once ample funds have been greatly intruded upon by their late masters. The public stores of wine, oil, and wood, from which the middling and lower classes may purchase, are however still kept up: and the inns here are considered commodious. Genoa still conducts a considerable export trade in rice, fruit, and olive oil, as likewise in her manufactures, of silk, damasks, and velvets. The annual value of the silk and satin manufactures is from £200,000 to £300,000; the raw material being partly raised at home, and partly imported from Sicily, Calabria, and the Levant. From Sicily also corn is imported, and occasionally from Barbary; iron and naval stores from the Baltic, linen and sail-cloth from Germany, and from England, tin, lead, hardware, and cottons. To these may be added wool from Spain, wax and cotton from the Levant, and colonial produce from the United States, and fish from Newfoundland. A considerable transit trade was facilitated by a law passed in 1751, which enabled the merchants to deposit goods in a quarter of the town called Porto Franco, duty free unless taken out for consumption. The exchange transactions are also considerable, though the different denominations and modes of reckoning money are complex, and the celebrated bank of Genoa no longer exists. The Genoese vessels in the coasting trade, do not exceed 100, and fifty perhaps trade in the open sea; but the chief business of the city is carried on under foreign flags. The port of Genoa is formed by two moles, with a light-house on one mole head, and a fort on the other, distant from each other a quarter of a mile: the depth within is seven to three fathoms, and, though a south wind throws in a considerable swell, it is sufficiently secure. Both east and west the shore is lined with towns and villages. Genoa contains a population of about 80,000 souls. The ancient history of Genoa, like that of many other places, is involved in fable. Some say it was built by Genuus, a son of Saturn; others by the god Janus, agreeably to which origin the ancient Latin authors often call it Janua. Be that as it may, the city of Genoa was a celebrated emporium in the time of the second Punic war; and, having declared for the Romans, was plundered and burnt by Mago the Carthaginian. It was afterwards rebuilt by the Romans; and with the rest of Italy continued under their dominion till the overthrow of the western empire in 476. In 498 it fell under the power of Theodoric the Ostrogoth; who, having defeated the usurper Odoacer, became king of Italy. Not long after, the Goths being almost entirely subdued by Belisarius, Justinian's general, Genoa was re-annexed to the Roman or rather eastern empire. In 670 it was plundered and burnt by the Lombards, whose king, Protharis, erected it into a provincial dukedom. The Lombards continued masters of Genoa till 774, when they were conquered by Charlemagne. He reduced Liguria to its ancient bounds settled by Augustus, and erected it into a marquisate: appointing his relation Audemarus the first count or margrave. In 806 the Genoese reduced Corsica. Genoa at this time being distinguished for its wealth and populousness, began to give its name to the whole coast; and continued under the dominion of these counts for about 100 years, till the Carlovingian race became extinct in Italy, and the empire was transferred to the German princes. In 935, while the Genoese forces were absent on some expedition, the Saracens surprised the city, which they plundered and burnt, putting to death a great number of the inhabitants, and carrying others into captivity. Having embarked their captives, together with an immense booty, they set sail for Africa; but the Genoese, immediately returning, pursued the invaders; and, having entirely defeated them, recovered all the captives and booty, and took a great number of the enemy's ships. About A. D. 950, the Franks having lost all authority in Italy, the Genoese began to form themselves into a republic, and to be governed by their own magistrates, who were freely elected, and took the name of consuls. To support their independence they applied themselves to commerce and navigation; and being apprehensive that some of the German emperors, who often invaded Italy, might renew their pretensions to their states, they acknowledged Berengarius III. duke of Friuli, who had been elected emperor by a party of Italian nobles. Berengarius, who with difficulty maintained himself in his new dignity, endeavoured by his concessions to enlarge the number of his adherents: and accordingly confirmed the new republic in all its privileges. After this the Genoese began to extend their commerce from Spain to Syria, and from Egypt to Constantinople; their vessels being fitted for fighting as well as merchandise. Having thus acquired great reputation, they were invited in 1017, by the Pisans, who had likewise formed themselves into a republic, to join with them in an expedition against Sardinia, which had been conquered by the Moors. In this expedition they were successful; the island was reduced; but from this time an enmity took place between the two republics, which did not end but with the ruin of that of Pisa. The first war with the Pisans commenced about thirty years after the Sardinian expedition, and lasted eighteen years; when the contending parties having concluded a peace, they sent their united forces against the Moors in Africa, of whom they are said to have killed 100,000. The Genoese were very active in the time of the crusades, and had a principal share in the taking of Jerusalem. They also waged considerable wars with the Moors in Spain, whom they generally defeated. They also prevailed against the neighbouring states; and, in 1220, had enlarged their territories beyond the skirts of the Appennines, so that the rest of Italy looked upon them with a jealous eye; but in 1311 the factions which had long reigned in the city, notwithstanding all its wealth and power, induced the inhabitants to submit for twenty years to the dominion of the emperor Henry VII, That emperor, however, died in August 1312; and the vicar he had left soon after went to Pisa, upon which the dissentions in Genoa revived with greater fury than ever. In 1317 a quarrel happened between the families of Spinola and Doria; which came to such a height, that both parties fought in the streets for twenty-four days without intermission, raised battering engines against each other's houses, and filled the city with blood. At last the Spinola quitted the city, and retired to their territories in the Appennine mountains. The civil war continued till 1331: when, by the mediation of the king of Naples, it was agreed that all exiles should return to the city; that the republic should be governed by the king's vicar, and all the offices of the state be equally divided between the Guelfs and the Gibellines, the two contending parties. By this ruinous war the coast of Genoa, formerly adorned with palaces and vineyards, was now reduced to the appearance of a barren waste. So great was the desolation that, according to Petrarch, the spectators who sailed along were struck with |