1870.

EVENTS OF THE FRANCO-GERMAN WAR, 1870-1.

6.-Duc de Grammont protests against the election of Prince Leopold of Hohenzollern to the

throne of Spain.

13.-The King of Prussia at Ems refuses the demand of Count Benedetti, the French ambassador, that he would never accept the Spanish crown for any of his family.

15.-France declares War against Prussia.

21.-At Saarlouis, a French vedette fires at a Prussian sentinel, misses, and is killed by the Prussian, the first blood drawn in the war,

22.-Kehl Bridge on the Rhine blown up by the Prussians.

28.-The Emperor and Prince Imperial arrive at Metz. He proclaims the "God of battles will be with us."

August 2.-Saarbrück bombarded and taken by the French in presence of the Emperor and the Prince Imperial, who here "received his baptism of fire."

4.-Weissenburg stormed by the Crown Prince. General Douay killed, 30 officers and 1,000 men taken prisoners, with 22 cannon and 4 mitrailleuses.

6. The Crown Prince defeats McMahon at Wörth or Fröschwiller-4,000 prisoners, many cannon, baggage.

6.-Prince Frederick Charles defeats General Frossard at Spicheren; Saarbrück retaken by the Germans.

7.-Paris proclaimed in a state of siege. Emperor announces that "all may yet go well." 10. Strasbourg invested-and bombarded on 19th.

10.-Ollivier Ministry succeeded by that of General Montauban, Count of Palikao.

14.-German victory at Pange or Courcelles, near Metz.

14.-Nancy occupied by the Germans.

16.-Battle at Mars-la-Tour, and French driven back by Prince Frederick Charles on Metz-2,000 prisoners, 7 cannon, 2 eagles.

17.-Emperor and Prince Imperial at Châlons Camp.

18.-Trochu appointed Governor of Paris.

18.-Battles at Gravelotte and Doncourt, and French under Bazaine driven by the King into

Metz, which was completely invested on 23rd.

20.-McMahon evacuates Châlons, and marches towards Reims and the north-east frontier. 25.-Vitry capitulates-16 guns.

29.-De Failly defeated at Montmédy-4,000 prisoners.

30-31.-McMahon defeated at Carignan, Beaumont, and Bazeilles, on the Belgian frontier. The last place, Bazeilles, burnt with all the population.

1.-Marshal Bazaine's sortie at Metz repulsed.

1-2.-Total defeat of McMahon at Sedan; followed by the surrender of the Emperor and 80,000 men; 16,000 escaped into Belgium. The Emperor meets the King at M. Amour's Château de Bellevue, and is sent to Wilhelmshöhe, near Cassel, arriving on 5th.

4.-Emperor deposed, and Republic proclaimed under a Government of National Defence, with Trochu as President.

6.-Prince Imperial arrives at Hastings, where the Empress in her flight from Paris arrives on
9th, brought over in Sir J. M. Burgoyne's yacht, the Gazelle.

9.-Laon surrenders-350 French and German blown up by an accidental explosion.
12.-Crémieux leaves Paris for Tours, as Delegate of the Government.

Sept. 19.-Investment of Paris, and beginning of First Siege. Crown Prince reaches Versailles,

the German head-quarters, on 20th.

19.-General Vinoy (who escaped from Sedan) defeated at Villejuif-2,500 prisoners, 7 guns.
22. Jules Favre tries to negotiate a peace with Bismarck at Ferrières, the King's head-
quarters, without success.

27.-Strasbourg surrenders-17,000 men and 451 officers.

30.-General Vinoy's sortie from Paris repulsed.

8.-Gambetta, the Minister of War, escapes from Paris in a balloon, to Amiens, and proceeds to Tours, where a delegation of the Ministry is seated.

9.-Garibaldi arrives at Tours.

10.-At Orléans, General Von der Tann defeats the army of the Loire-1,000 prisoners and 3 guns. Orléans occupied on 11th-2,000 prisoners.

12.-Epinal taken.

16. Soissons capitulates-4,630 men, 90 officers, and 128 guns.
18.-Châteaudun taken; and Chartres and St. Quentin on 21st.

24. Schleststadt capitulates-2,400 prisoners and 120 guns.

27.-Metz capitulates-Three marshals-Bazaine, Canrobert, Leboeuf--66 generals, 6,000 officers, and 173,000 men, the remnant of the French army, taken prisoners. It was entered on 31st.

30-The Empress visits Wilhelmshöhe incog.

31.-Demonstration of the Commune against General Trochu and the Government at the Hôte de Ville.

Nov. 1-6.-Thiers endeavours unsuccessfully to negotiate an armistice.

8.-Verdun capitulates-163 officers, 4,000 men, and 136 guns.

9.-At Coulmiers, near Orléans, General d'Aurelles repulses Von der Tann, and re-occupies Orléans-the only French victory gained during the war.

10.-Neu-Breisach capitulates-100 officers, 5,000 men, 100 guns.

17.-Capture of Dreux, by Duke of Mecklenburg.

19.-Germans surprised by Ricciotte Garibaldi at Châtillon, near Dijon, and flag taken the only one lost by the Germans.

24.-Thionville capitulates-4,000 prisoners, 200 guns.

27.-La Fère capitulates-2,000 prisoners, 70 guns.

27.-Manteuffel defeats the Army of the North, near Amiens, which is occupied on 28th.

28.-At Beaune-le-Rolande, Prince Frederick Charles defeats the Army of the Loire-2,600

killed and prisoners.

28.-Amiens occupied.

29-30.-Repulse of sorties from Paris by Ducrot, at Issy, Le Hay, &c. French establish themselves at Champigny.

Dec. 2.-Brie and Villiers on the Marne retaken by the Germans.

3.-Prince Frederick Charles defeats d'Aurelles and the Army of the Loire at Orléans--10,000 prisoners, 77 guns.

4.-Rouen occupied.

6-10.-Army of the Loire defeated at Beaugency

9.-Dieppe occupied.

12.-Phalsburg capitulates-1,890 officers and men, 63 guns.

14.-Montmédy capitulates.

16.-Vendôme occupied.

21.-Tours surrenders, but is not occupied. The French Delegation retires to Bordeaux.
23. Manteuffel defeats the Army of the North at Amiens-1,000 prisoners.

26. At Duclair, in the Seine, 6 English colliers seized by the Germans, for which an apology was made.

29.-Fort Avron, near Paris, surrenders.

1871.

3.-Goben defeats Faidherbe's Army of the North, at Bapaume.

4. Von Bentheim defeats General Roye at Montineaux-600 prisoners, 4 guns.
6.-Rocroy capitulates-300 prisoners, 72 guns.

7.-General Roye defeated at Jumièges, near Rouen.

8-9.-Von Werder defeats Bourbaki at Vallerois, and Villersexel, near Vesoul-1,300 prisoners 10.-Peronne capitulates-3,000 prisoners.

6-12.-General Chanzy and the Army of the Loire retreating towards Le Mans; where he is totally routed by the Duke of Mecklenburg on 12th. About 33,000 prisoners taken, with several guns, mitrailleuses, stores, locomotives, and 400 railway wagons.

15 & 18.-Bourbaki twice defeated in his attacks on Von Werder, to relieve Belfort. 18. At Versailles, the King of Prussia is proclaimed German Emperor.

19. The last great sortie from Paris repulsed, with a loss of 6,000 French.
19.-Goben defeats the Army of the North at St. Quentin-9,000 prisoners.

24. Jules Favre, at Versailles, to negotiate the surrender of Paris.
25.-Longwy capitulates-4,000 prisoners, 200 guns.

28.-Capitulation of Paris-armistice for 3 weeks. All the Paris forts occupied on 29th.
1.-Bourbaki's army of 80,000 escapes into Switzerland.

14.-National Assembly meets at Bordeaux.

15.-Paris pays a War contribution of 8 millions.

16.-Belfort capitulates.

17.-Thiers elected Chief of the Executive Power, under the Assembly.

26.-Peace signed. France agrees to cede Alsace and German Lorraine, and pay an indemnity of

200 millions.

1.-A force of 30,000 Germans enter Paris under the Arc de Triomphe. Treaty of Peace voted at Bordeaux.

3.-Germans evacuate Paris.

6.-Communists hoist the red flag at Paris.

7.-Germans give up the Forts on left bank of Seine, and move the head-quarters from Versailles. 18.-Rising of the Commune at Paris; who seize the artillery at Montmartre and shoot Generals Lecomte and Thomas.

19.-French Government leaves Paris for Versailles. National Assembly meets there on 20th. Emperor Napoléon arrives at Chislehurst.

2. Second siege of Paris begins.

6.-Fighting between the Communists and the army under McMahon, at Courbevoie and Neuilly 8.-Investment of Paris begins by the army.

10. Treaty of Peace with Germany signed at Frankfort.

16.-Communists throw down the Vendôme Column.

21.-Army enters Paris by the West side.

23.-Montmartre re-captured. The Communists begin to burn the Tuileries, Louvre, Hôtel de Ville, Palais de Justice.

24.-Communists shoot the Archbishop of Paris, Pres. Bonjean, and other hostages, at La Roquette.

D*

1873.

Jan.

26.-Belleville captured; Chaumont and Menilmontant on 27th.
28. Communist Insurrection suppressed.

30.-Victor Hugo expelled from Brussels.

8.-Bourbon and Orléans families restored to their French rights.

27. Subscriptions for the Indemnity loan at Paris.

31.-M. Thiers elected President of the French Republic.

21.-Rochefort condemned to imprisonment for life.

8. Election of Councils-General in France.

22.-Convention with Germany signed at Frankfort; providing for the evacuation of several departments.

9.-Death of Napoleon III. at Chislehurst.

March 15.-Treaty with Germany, providing for the final payment of the indemnity of 200 millions sterling, and the evacuation of the remaining Departments, by 5th September, 1873. 24.-Marshal McMahon elected President for seven years.

May

Dec.

1875. Feb.

10.-Marshal Bazaine found guilty by Court Martial; degraded, and sentenced to imprisonment for life. This was commuted for 20 years in Ile Ste. Marguerite, to which he was sent; and from which he escaped, 9th August, 1874.

-The Republic definitely constituted. A new Senate and Chamber elected, 1876.

III.

GUIDE TO PARIS.

n the

Paris, the capital of France, and perhaps the finest city in Europe, is on the Seine, 143 miles from Havre, 236 from Calais, and about 360 from London, from which it may be reached in eleven or twelve hours. It lies in an oval, 20 miles round, on both sides of the river, that part on the north side being the argest; whilst the oldest part is on the Iles de la Cité and St. Louis in the river, or neighbourhood of these islands. Including the Banlieu or environs, such as Neuilly, Belleville, Batignolles, Montmartre, and other well-known spots, now brought inside the new Barrières, it contains 1,851,792 souls, 50,000 houses, 1,350 streets, 183 covered avenues, 30 boulevards, 20 parishes or arrondissements, 40 churches, 27 theatres, 50 casernes or barracks, and 90 public establishments. Both banks of the Seine (a mere canal in comparison with the Thames) are lined with 33 broad Quays, and arge buildings, and joined by 30 bridges. The houses are so numbered, that you can tell how near you are to the river (which runs nearly east and west), whether you are going from or towards it; the streets parallel to the river being painted in black letters, with the numbers down the stream (or west), and the streets perpendicular to it in white letters, with the numbers from the stream; the odd numbers are on one side of the street, and the even on the other.

The principal objects are the Champs Elysées, Tuileries and Palais Royal (both burnt by the Commune, 1871), Madeleine, Hôtel de Ville (burnt, 1871), Portes St. Denis and St. Martin, July Column, and Père la Chaise, on the north side; the Hôtel des Invalides, Luxembourg, Panthéon, and Jardin des Plantes, on the south side; the Pont Neuf and Nôtre Dame, in the centre. Among the most lively streets and thoroughfares are Rues de Rivoli, St. Honoré, Vivienne, Richelieu, Neuve-des-PetitsChamps, the Boulevards (which thread the outskirts or Faubourgs), and the Quays. The unrivalled Passages, or Arcades, are also very gay, viz., the Passages des Panorama, de l'Opera, du Saumon, Jouffroy, Vivienne, Colbert, Choiseul, Vero-Dodat, Delorme, &c. Here all the knick-knacks or articles de Paris, are sold. A circle of fortified walls, 26 miles round, commanding every point near the city, was first planned by M. Thiers, and completed in 1846, at a total cost of 5 millions sterling. A good French pun, "Le mur murant Paris rend Paris murmurant," originated when the old walls, which occupied the site of the boulevards, were erected. In Rue Tiquetonne is the Tour of Jean Sans Peur, or Tour des Ducs de Bourgogne; the only remnant of the medieval wall. It is to be preserved by the city. On passing the Barrière, the baggage is examined. Porters, called commissionnaires, ply at every station or coach-office, who will convey the traveller to any of the Hotels for franc, or 1 franc with luggage. British Embassy and Consulate.-39, Rue de Faubourg St. Honoré. Hours 10 to 3.

Hotels.-There are a great many Hotels in Paris, some magnificent in appearance, but dear and uncomfortable; others cheap but questionable. The following are carefully selected as deserving our recommendation: