The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the Collapse of the UmayyadsSUNY Press, 28/06/1994 - 399 páginas Stretching from Morocco to China, the Umayyad caliphate based its expansion and success on the doctrine of jihad--armed struggle to claim the whole earth for God's rule, a struggle that had brought much material success for a century but suddenly ground to a halt followed by the collapse of the ruling Umayyad dynasty in 750 CE. The End of the Jihâd State demonstrates for the first time that the cause of this collapse came not just from internal conflict, as has been claimed, but from a number of external and concurrent factors that exceeded the caliphate's capacity to respond. |
Índice
Introduction | 1 |
The Problem of the Reign of Hisham | 4 |
The Doctrine of Jihad | 11 |
An Outline of the History of the Jihad State 2132623750 | 19 |
The Madman State and the First Expansion 23562356 | 21 |
The First Civil War and the First Hiatus 354065661 | 23 |
The Sufyanid Umayyad State and the Second Expansion 406366183 | 24 |
The Second Hiatus and the Second Civil War 637368392 | 26 |
Transoxiana and Khurasan 1111573033 | 155 |
The Byzantine Front 1121473032 | 162 |
The Frankish Front 1121473032 | 163 |
Egypt and North Africa 1121473032 | 165 |
8 The Continuation of the Policy of Expansion 1152273340 | 167 |
The Byzantine Front 1152273340 | 168 |
The Caucasus Front 1152373341 | 170 |
Transoxiana and Khurasan 1152373341 | 176 |
The Marwanid Umayyad State and the Third Expansion 7399692718 | 28 |
The Third Hiatus and Umar II9910171820 | 31 |
The Marwanid Umayyad State and the Fourth Expansion 1012272040 | 34 |
Administrative Geography and Tribal Identity Under Hisham | 37 |
Tribal Identity in the Administration and Army | 42 |
3 The Individual Provinces of the Caliphate | 47 |
The Jaziran Superprovince | 50 |
the Viceroyalty of the East | 57 |
The North African or Western Superprovince | 67 |
the Western Arabian Backwater | 73 |
4 Administrative Policies and Ideology at the Beginning of Hishams Reign | 77 |
The Central Administration of the Caliphate under Hisham | 79 |
Caliphal Fiscal Policy at the Start of Hishams Reign | 81 |
Ideological Centralization | 92 |
5 The Challenges of Internal and Foreign Opposition to Hishams Caliphate | 97 |
The External Strategic Situation in 105724 | 102 |
The Byzantine Empire | 104 |
The Caucasus Principalities | 106 |
The Khazar Khanate | 108 |
The Turgesh Khanate and Transoxiana | 109 |
Sijistan | 110 |
The Franks | 112 |
The Berbers | 113 |
Other Parts of Africa | 114 |
6 The Beginning of the Military Crisis 1051172429 | 117 |
The Caucasus 1051172429 | 121 |
Transoxiana 1051172429 | 125 |
Sijistan 1050872427 | 129 |
India 1040872327 | 131 |
Egypt 1051172429 | 135 |
North Africa and the West Mediterranean 1051172429 | 136 |
Spain and the Franks 1051172429 | 140 |
7 The Climax of the Military Crisis 1121473032 | 145 |
Sijistan 1081472632 | 146 |
India 1081372631 | 147 |
The Caucasus 1121473032 | 149 |
Sijistan 1152573343 | 185 |
India 1132273140 | 186 |
Khariji and ShlI Revolts in Iraq and the East 1132273140 | 190 |
Egypt 1152273340 | 192 |
North Africa 1152273340 | 193 |
Spain and France 1142273240 | 196 |
9 The Collapse of the Expansion Policy 1222574043 | 199 |
The Byzantine Front 1232574143 | 200 |
The East Including Sind 1222574043 | 202 |
The Great Berber Revolt 1222574043 | 203 |
Causes of the Revolt | 204 |
The Beginning of the Revolt 1222374041 | 206 |
Abd alMalik b Qatan alFihris Coup in Spain 123741 | 208 |
The Brief Governorship of Kulthum b Iyad 12324741 | 209 |
The North African Governorship of Hanzala b Safwan alKalbi 1242774245 | 213 |
The Caliphal Twilight in Spain 1242574243 | 218 |
Conclusion | 223 |
Rationale and Result | 225 |
General Conclusions | 230 |
Maps | 237 |
Sources for the Reign of Hisham b Abd alMalik | 247 |
Some Aspects of Methodology | 251 |
The Nature of the Sources | 254 |
The Limitations of the Material Evidence | 257 |
The Muslim Literary Sources and Their Geographical Limitations | 258 |
Christian Literary Sources | 265 |
Social and Structural Limitations in the Muslim Literary Sources | 267 |
Modern Scholarship | 270 |
On the Population of the Umayyad Caliphate | 273 |
of Arabic Technical Terms | 275 |
Notes | 279 |
Bibliography | 353 |
Index | 369 |
395 | |
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The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the ... Khalid Yahya Blankinship Pré-visualização limitada - 1994 |
The End of the Jihâd State: The Reign of Hishām Ibn ʿAbd al-Malik and the ... Khalid Yahya Blankinship Pré-visualização limitada - 1994 |
Palavras e frases frequentes
Abbasid Abd al-Malik Abd al-Raḥmān Abd Allāh Abī Abū Agapius al-Bāb al-Başra al-Ḥārith al-Jarrāḥ al-Jazīra al-Junayd al-Kūfa al-Qayrawān al-Walid al-Walid II Arab areas Armenia Asad Āṣim Balādhurī Balj Başran battle Berber revolt booty Bukhārī Byzantine front caliphate's campaign Caucasus Chronicon commander conquest Continuatio Crone defeat despite dirhams disaster Egypt empire especially expansion expedition fight forces frontier Futūḥ governor governorship Hishām Hisham's reign History Ibn A'tham Ibn Abd al-Hakam Ibn al-Athīr Ibn Idhārī Ibn Khayyāṭ India Iraq Iraqi Islam Jahshiyārī Jazīrans jihād jund Kāmil Khalid khāqān khawārij Khazars Khurāsān Kūfans Maqqarī Marwān Marwānid Maslama mawālī military mosque Mu'awiya Muḍar Muḥammad Muslim non-Muslims North Africa owing perhaps political probably province Qur'ān raid Raqiq rebels rule Sa'īd Samarqand seems sent Shaban Sijistān sources Spain superprovince Syrian troops Ta'rīkh Tabari Theophanes thousand tion Transoxiana tribal Turgesh Turks Ubayda Umar Umar II Umayyad caliphate VIII Wellhausen Ya'qūbī Yaman Yazid Yazid II