( 1. That beauty EXERCISE 47. Fill the blanks with relative pronouns, and parse each word. 4. Those men 5. The very man 6. Forget not EXERCISE 48. Let the pupil parse all the words. 1. Those who indulge themselves destroy their own happiness. MODEL FOR PARSING. Those. . . . is an adjective, qualifying persons, understood, (those persons), which is nom. to destroy. Who. . . . is a pronoun, &c.; relative, &c.; has persons for its antecedent, and is, therefore, 3d per., com. gen., plur. num.; it is nom. &c.; nom. to indulge, or is its subject. Indulge. . . is a verb, &c.; and has who for its nom., or subject. Destroy... is a verb, &c.; has persons, understood for its nominative. is a pro., &c.; pers., &c., has persons for its antecedent, and Own. . . . is an adjective, &c., qualifying happiness. Happiness. is a noun, &c., &c., &c., object of destroy. 2. We must forgive our enemies. 3. Whoever lives long will find trouble. 4. My duty lies in one place, yours, in another. (Your duty lies in another place.) 5. Those who sow the wind will reap the whirlwind. 6. Who is this that comes from Bozrah ? 7. He is a man whom no threats can drive from his duty. 8. What can I say? To whom shall I go? 9. Discretion is the perfection of reason, and it guides us in all our duties. 10. She raised her withered hand in trembling prayer, 11. That God, who saved the mother, would redeem the child. 12. Oh, lift the heart to God, who gives to us the victory. In Ex. 3, whoever (he wha) is nom. to lives and will find, or, he is nom. to lives, and who to will find. In Ex. 4, yours (your duty) is used as nom. to lies understood. In Ex. 6, this qualifies man. That is a relative pronoun, has man for its antecedent, and is nom. to comes. The antecedent to who is unknown, because it is in the answer. In Ex. 10, she stands for some antecedent which is not here expressed. In Ex. 11, that is a conjunction, and would redeem a verb, with God for its nom. EXERCISE 49. Form sentences, each containing one of the following words, and parse. A relative pronoun. (The bird which sang has flown.) was sent.) An interrogative pronoun. (John came, because he (Who has seen Jenny's slate.) Personal pronoun, 2d person, plural, nominative. Personal pronoun, 3d person, masculine, singular, possessive. Personal pronoun, 3d person, plural, objective. Personal pronoun, 3d person, plural, nominative. Interrogative pronoun, which. Relative pronoun, who. Relative pronoun, whoever. Relative pronoun, what. (See page 51, Art. 124.) Relative pronoun, as. QUESTIONS FOR REVIEW. What is that part of speech called which stands for nouns? What are the divisions of the pronoun? Name the personal. The relative. The interrogative. In what number, person, and case is his? Thee? How Thy? Their? Thou? Its? We? She? Me? Ours? Yours? Mine? Thine? It? They? We? Ye? Them? You? Theirs? How is the number, person, and gender of a pronoun determined? is its case determined? Which of the relatives is used for persons? is which used? When is that used? When is that always used? What is as sometimes? How THE ADJECTIVE, AND ITS PROPERTIES. ART. 128. An ADJECTIVE is a word that is used to qualify a noun or pronoun; as, Two trees. A small apple. A large man. He is good. A good man One year. All nations. Others qualify by defining, limiting, or extending; as, This tree. That man. The house. REM. 2.-Adjectives which denote number are called numcral adjectives; as, one, two, three, first, second, third, &c. REM. 3. Certain adjectives, as some, other, any, one, all, such, either, each, this, that, &c., are sometimes called adjective pronouns. But it seems more correct to consider them merely adjectives. REM. 4.-Adjectives are often used as nouns, or qualify nouns understood; as, 'The good are respected.' Some (persons) prefer one course, others, another (course). When so used, they are frequently preceded by the; as, 'The good.' REM. 5.-Other and one, when used as nouns, are declined like other nouns; as, REM. 6. This and that have plurals these and those. QUESTIONS.-What is an adjective? Mention ten. Why so called? How may an adjective be distinguished from an adverb? (Art. 47.) In what different ways do adjectives qualify? What are numeral adjectives? What is said of certain adjectives, as some, other, &c.? How are adjectives often used? By what are they often preceded, when used as nouns? What is meant by understood, as used in parsing? (Page 53, Rem. 3.) Decline other. Decline one. What adjectives have plurals? REM. 7.-None is a compound of no and one. it may be singular or plural; as, When used as a noun, 'None is known,' or, 'None are known.' REM. 8.-Nouns are often used as adjectives; as, ‘A gold dollar,' 'A silver spoon.' COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. ART. 129. Most adjectives admit a change of form to express different degrees of quality; as, ART. 130. The different forms of adjectives expressing different degrees of quality, are called degrees of comparison, because the word degree means steps, or spaces. ART. 131. There are three degrees of comparison; the positive, comparative, and superlative; as, ART. 132. The positive degree denotes the absolute, or simple quality; as, A sweet apple. A tall man. A studious boy. ART. 133. It is so called. because the word positive means absolute, certain. ART. 134. The comparative degree denotes an increase. or diminution of the quality of the positive; as, A sweeter apple. A more studious boy. A less studious boy. ART. 135. It is so called, because it implies a comparison with something else. ART. 136. The superlative degree denotes an increase or diminution of the quality of the positive to the highest or lowest degree; as, The sweetest apple. The most studious boy. The least studious boy. ART. 137. It is so called, because the word superlative means exceeding all. For QUESTIONS.-What is said of none? How are nouns often used? what purpose do adjectives admit a change of form?. What are these different forms called? Why so called? How many, and what degrees are there? What does the positive denote? Why so called? The comparative ? Why so called? The superlative? Why so called? ART. 138. To denote increase of quality, adjectives of one syllable are compared by adding to the positive, r or er for the comparative, and st or est for the superlative; as, ART. 139. If of more than one syllable, they are compared by prefixing to the positive more for the comparative, and most for the superlative; as, REM. The superlative in most with the adjective a, is often used to express merely a high degree of excellence; as, A most excellent man. A most superb prospect. ART. 140. Adjectives of two syllables, ending in y, in e silent, or accented on the last syllable, are often compared by er, Most of these admit both methods of comparison. ART. 141. To denote decrease, adjectives are compared by prefixing to the positive, less for the comparative, and least for the ́ superlative; as, Wiser, wisest, denote an increase from wise; and less wise, least wise, a decrease. Smaller, smallest, denote an increase of smallness; and less small, least small, a decrease, ART. 142. Some adjectives are compared irregularly; as, QUESTIONS. How are adjectives of one syllable compared, to denote increase? How are adjectives of more than one syllable compared? How is the superlative with most and a, often used? What adjectives of two syllables are compared by er and est? To denote decrease, how are adjectives compared? Give the list of irregular comparisons. |