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the

Schopenhauer's philosophies, 51-54-
Fichte's moral Kosmos, 52-tenets of
Schopenhauer's philosophy, 54-56-
his metaphysics, 56-67- his ethics, 67
-72-difficulty of procuring a valid
starting-point in metaphysical thinking,
66 Hegel found it in the Absolute, 57
Schopenhauer in Will, 57, 58- of this
Will nothing can be predicated except
specific restlessness, 58-it objectivates
itself, 59 its stages of objectivation, 60
-62- its torch the Intellect, 62-its
identity with the body, 63-the two-
fold functions of the Intellect, 64-67-
Schopenhauer's theory of evil, 68, 69-
of morality, 70-the Intellect condemns
the Will, 71-excellence of love and
self-denial, 71-Schopenhauer's clear-
ness of style, 73- his character, 74—
likeness of his pessimism to Heine's,
74- his two errors of philosophy, 76-
his ethics good in spite of their bad met-
aphysical foundation, 77- his fidelity
to speculative philosophy, 78-science
needs the aid of metaphysics, 79.
Session, The, article on, 182-223
Crédit Mobilier investigation, 182-194-
vast increase of wealth accompanied by
popular ignorance of political economy
and finance, 182, 183 - financial quack
doctors, 183-résumé of Crédit Mo-
bilier investigation, and the facts it elici-
ted, 184-193 Mr. Oakes Ames's
purpose in placing the stock, 184-
unanimity of investigating committee,
185 character of persons implicated,
186-disproportion of supposed corrup-
tion-fund to the interests at stake,
187-relations between Union Pacific
Railroad Company and Crédit Mobilier
corporation a great mystery, 188-con-
clusion, from the facts, that no blame
can be attached to those who bought
Crédit Mobilier stock of Mr. Ames, 189
-case of Mr. Colfax, his gifts from Mr.
Nesbit, 190-192-injustice of Senate
Committee to Senator Patterson, 192-
194-gift of T. C. Durant to Senator
Harlan, 194. 195 Congressmen, like
judges, should accept no presents from
any one if they have reason to fear the
donor may ever wish their influence in
return, 196 Senate should carefully
guard its reputation, - case of Senator
Caldwell of Kansas, 196-200- prepos-
terousness of points of law maintained
by Conkling and Butler, 197 - office
not a right but a trust, 199, 200— loss
of the sense of delicacy and propriety in
our public men, 200- the back-pay
scandal, 201-method and feasibility of
reform in certain respects, 202-206-
candidates for office should never per-
sonally use efforts to secure their own
nomination, and should be voted against
if they do use them, 202-abuse of gov-
ernment patronage by maintaining pa-
pers at Washington, 203 — - opportunity

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for first-class papers there, 204 — civil-
service reform, what it means and the
need of it, 204-206-question of restor-
ing specie payment, 206-223
d.ver-
sity of views respecting it, 207 — prac-
tical question involved in any plan of
resumption. 208 non-comprehension
of it in Corgress, 208- amount to be
redeemed, 209- absolute value of the
currency, 210 increase in amount and
loss in value since 1854, 211, 212-
amount of coin likely to be demanded
in case of resumption, 213-the na-
tional banks an obstacle, 213 - Mr.
Sherman's bill, 214-its practical value
lessened by abnormal state of finances,
215-arguments in favor of redemption
in interest-bearing bonds, 216 - public
obligation to pay legal-tender notes, 217

advantage of specie payment over
forced contraction, 218, 219 grave
danger of allowing the dollar to have
a variable value, 219-221-necessity
of some steps toward redemption of
the currency, 222.

Skinner, Orrin, his The Issues of Amer-
ican Politics, critical notice of, 229-
237.

Suffrage, Universal, under Napoleon III.,
article on, 341-382- great stress laid
upon, by admirers of his government,
341-his opinions respecting political
rights of the masses of the people, 342 -
357- his "Political Reveries," its advo-
cacy of an empire, 342- his faith in
the restoration of the Napoleonic dynas-
ty, 343-two dominant ideas of bis
early political essays, that the people
are supreme authority, and the reins of
government should be in the hands of
an emperor, 343-347-the Idees Na-
poléoniennes, 345-his reply to Guizot,
while prisoner at Ham, 345, 346 - his
theory that the initiative of all political
changes should be taken by the mon-
arch. 347-349- his promises, 349-357
-appeal to the masses in an essay on
the ..
Extinction of Pauperism," 349
defiance of Louis Philippe in his trial
for the affair of Boulogne, 350-352-
his position in 1848, 353-address on
taking his seat in the Assembly, 354-
his assurances while a candi ate for the
Presidency, 355, 356 the ballot-box a
cheat and a sham under his govern-
ment, 358-382-interference of the
executive in local and municipal corpo-
rations, 359-how the population of
Nice and Savoy were consulted in re-
gard to the transfer of those provinces
from Italy to France, 360-370- Sar-
dinian troops withdrawn, and their
places filled with French garrisons, 361

all mayors opposed to French au-
thority were removed and loyalists ap-
pointed, 362 manufacture of requisite
public opinion, 363-bribery, 364-re-
ligious zeal appealed to, 365 - local

police threatened recusants with pun-
ishment, 366-testimony of an English-
man who was in Nice and Savoy at
time of elections, 866-368-a complete
system of trickery, 368-370 - general
elections in France no more free, 370-
the ignorance of the rural population,
M. Taine's testimony, 370, 371-cen-
tralization of the government, 372-
general election of 1863, 372-381-it
was to be free, 373-government an-
nounced its candidates, 373 - no public
discussion of respective merits of candi-
dates allowed, 374-measures resorted
to by government to crush opposition,
375-877-cutting off mails of Greno-
ble, 375 attacks in official organs, 376
destruction of posters, 377-imprison-
ment of friends circulating documents,
377 - favor shown official candidates,
377 -vast authority of prefects, 378
zealous co-operation of mayors, 378-381
-political life of a nation paralyzed by
such management of universal suffrage,
382.

Taine's Philosophy, article on, 401-438

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charm of Taine's work On Intelli-
gence, 402-his definiteness of theory,
403-two ways of studying the human
mind, from inside, 403 from outside,
404- sketch of philosophy in France
since Middle Ages, 405-408-sensa-
tionalism succeeded by common-sense
and consciousness, 405 — Cousin's Eclec-
ticism, 406 later absorption in sci-
entific methods and theories, 407
Taine's training and philosophical ten-
dencies, 408 outline of his work, 409-
424-significance and use of names,
409-images of no validity, 410-ul-
timate elements of sensation, 411
physiological examination, 411, 412-
nature's two faces, 412- Taine's rejec-
tion of the ordinary ideas which attach
to self, 413-to matter, 414- halluci-
nations, 415-418 - bodies, and what
belongs to them, 418-420 - general
ideas, judgments, laws, 420-424
points of excellence in his work, 424
his passion for paradox, 425-objec-
tions to his philosophy, 425-438- - of
abstract ideas, 426- of sensation, 427

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of hallucination, 427-429-of sub-
stance, self, force, 429-431- - of mole-
cules, 432, 433-of motion, 433-ne-
cessity of accepting the principle of
causality, 435-summary of criticism
upon Taine as a psychologist, 435-
real value, but limited sphere, of physi-
cal investigation, 436 consciousness
the chief instrument in studying the
mind, 438.
Telegraphic System, The proposed Changes
in the, article on, 80-107-rapid in-
crease of wealth in individual hands

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and by large corporations, 80-82--
selfish policy pursued by corporations,
82-growth of railroad system, 83-85

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of telegraph, 85, 86- history of
Western Union Company, 86-91
Russian extension line, 87 United
States Telegraph Company, 88-con-
solidation of competing lines, 88
growth of Western Union into an ab-
solute monopoly, 89-91
effect upon
rates and growth of business, 91- tele-
graph policy of Belgium and its suc-
cess, 92- of Switzerland, 92 exorbi-
tant rates of Western Union Company,
its justification of them, 93 - interests
of people better served where telegraph
is controlled by government, 94-Sir
James Anderson's "Statistics of the
Telegraph," 95 - Mr. Wells's pamphlet
on the Relation of the Government to
the Telegraph," 95- arguments in favor
of governmental control, '96-relation
of Western Union Company to the
press, 97-99-power and possible
abuses of telegraph in forming public
opinion by the tone it gives to news, 99
- telegraph in politics and speculation,
100-constitutional power of Congress
to assume control of telegraphs, 101-
in the interest of the people, and to
make their benefits accessible to those
of moderate means, government should
control them, 101, 102-two proposed
methods for effecting this, 102, 103-
objections urged against the project,
103-105-that the powers of govern-
ment should be limited rather than en-
larged, 104-that government might
exercise espionage over correspond-
ence, 105 advantages of the postal
system, 106, 107.

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Value, The Meaning and Causes of, arti-
cle on, 319-341-meaning of the term
"value," 319 - 326 Macleod on the
necessity of exactness of expression in
economic science, 319-value not a
quality inhering in any object, - Prof.
Perry, 320-meaning of utility, 321-
value is an estimate or affection of the
mind, 322-Macleod's testimony to this
purport, 323-325-a standard of value
impossible, 325-price, the value of a
commodity expressed in money, 326—
causes of value, 326-341 -causes of
price, difficulty of attainment, 327 -
exchangeability, 328-330-personal ef-
fort, 330-willingness of deprivation,
331- whenever a commodity is a mo-
nopoly the highest price is paid for it,
332-336- when the supply of a com-
modity is unlimited, its price is the
lowest, 336, 337-the reasonable price,
387, 338-illustrations of these princi-
ples, 338-341.

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