Wing during its action reverses its planes and describes a figure-of-8 Wave wing, compound, Weight necessary to flight, Weight contributes to flight, The wing of the bird and the extremity of the biped and quadruped are Wing in flight describes figure-of-8 curves, PAGE 242 110 112 Weight, momentum, and power to a certain extent synonymous in 114 12, 136 12 track in space, 140 Wing when advancing with the body describes looped and waved tracks, 143 146 Wing, tip of, describes an ellipse, Wing and body reciprocate in flight, and each describes a wave track, 147 12 168 159 Wing during its vibrations produces a cross pulsation, 148 Wing vibrates unequally with reference to a given line, 150, 231 Wing, compound rotation of, 149 Wing a lever of the third order, 103 Wing acts on yielding fulcra, 8, 104, 165 Wings, their form, etc., all wings screws, structurally and functionally, 136 147 Wing-area variable and in excess, 124 Wing-area decreases as the size and weight of the volant animal in- creases, 132 Wing, natural, when elevated and depressed must move forwards, 156 167 Wing acts as true kite both during down and up strokes, 165 Wing, traces of design in, Wing of bird not always opened up to same extent in up stroke, 180 182 183 Wing flexed and partly elevated by action of elastic ligaments, 191 Wing, power of, to what owing, 194 Wing, effective stroke of, why delivered downwards and forwards, 195 Wing acts as an elevator, propeller, and sustainer both during exten- 197 Wings, points wherein the screws formed by, differ from those in ordi- Wings of bats and birds, consideration of forces which propel,. 189 PRINTED BY T. AND A. CONSTABLE, PRINTERS TO HER MAJESTY, AT THE EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY PRESS. A CLASSIFIED CATALOGUE OF HENRY S. KING & CO.'S PUBLICATIONS. THE NORMAN PEOPLE, AND THEIR EXISTING DESCENDANTS IN THE BRITISH DOMINIONS AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. One handsome vol. 8vo. Price 21s. [In the Press. of the work the early history of the whole aristocracy is revised, reconstructed, and very many thousands of families are shown to be Norman which have never before been accounted for. This work is the result of many years of research into the history of the Norman race in England. It is generally supposed to have become extinct; but careful study has shown that it exists and forms a large part of the English people. In the course A MEMOIR OF THE LATE REVEREND DR. ROWLAND WILLIAMS, With selections from his Note-books and Correspondence. Edited by Mrs. Rowland Williams. With a Photographic Portrait. [In the Press. THE RUSSIANS IN CENTRAL ASIA. A Critical Examination, down to the present time, of the Geography and History of Central Asia. By Baron F. Von Hellwald, Member of the Geographical Societies of Paris, Geneva, Vienna, &c., &c. Translated by Lieut.-Col. Theodore Wirgman, LL.B., late 6th Inniskilling Dragoons; formerly of the Austrian Service; Translator into English verse of Schiller's "Wallenstein's Camp." [Nearly ready. 65, Cornhill; & 12, Paternoster Row, London. HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY-continued. From THE GOVERNMENT OF THE NATIONAL defence. the 30th June to the 31st October, 1870. The Plain Statement of a Member. By Mons. Jules Favre. 1 vol. Demy 8vo. 10s. 62. BOKHARA: ITS HISTORY AND CONQUEST. By Professor Arminius Vàmbèry, of the University of Pesth, Author of “Travels in Central Asia," &c. Demy 8vo. Price 18s. "We conclude with a cordial recommendation of this valuable book. In the present work his moderation, scholarship, insight, and occasionally very impressive style, have raised him to the dignity of an historian."-Saturday Review. "Almost every page abounds with composition of peculiar merit, as well as with an account of some thrilling event more exciting than any to be found in an ordinary work of fiction."—Morning Post. THE RELIGIOUS HISTORY OF IRELAND: PRIMITIVE, PAPAL, and ProtestanT; including the Evangelical Missions, Catholic Agitations, and Church Progress of the last half century. By James Godkin, Author of "Ireland, her Churches," &c. I vol. "For those who shun blue books, and yet desire some of the information they contain, these latter chapters on the statistics of the various religious denominations will be welcomed."-Evening Standard. Svo. Price 12s. "Mr. Godkin writes with evident honesty, and the topic on which he writes is one about which an honest book is greatly wanted."-Examiner. 'ILÂM ĚN NAS. Historical Tales and Anecdotes of the Times of the Early Khalifahs. Translated from the Arabic Originals. By Mrs. Godfrey Clerk, Author of "The Antipodes and Round the World." Crown Svo. Price 75. "But there is a high tone about them, a love of justice, of truth and integrity, a sense of honour and manliness, and a simple devotion to religious duty, which however mistaken according to our lights, is deserving of every respect. The translation is the work of a lady, and a very excellent and scholar-like translation it is, clearly and pleasantly written, and ECHOES OF A FAMOUS YEAR. illustrated and explained by copious notes, indicating considerable learning and research."-Saturday Review. "Those who like stories full of the genuine colour and fragrance of the East, should by all means read Mrs. Godfrey Clerk's volume."--Spectator. "As full of valuable information as it is of amusing incident."-Evening Standard. By Harriet Parr, Author of "The Life of Jeanne d'Arc," "In the Silver Age," &c. Crown Svo. 8s. 6d. "A graceful and touching, as well as truthful account of the Franco-Prussian War. Those who are in the habit of reading books to children will find this at once instructive and delightful."-Public Opinion. "Miss Parr has the great gift of charming simplicity of style; and if children are not interested in her book, many of their seniors will be."-British Quarterly Review. 65, Cornhill; & 12, Paternoster Row, London. HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY-continued. ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE. Correspondence and Conversations with NASSAU W. SENIOR from 1833 to 1859. Edited by Mrs. M. C. M. SARA COLeridge, MEMOIR AND by her Daughters. 2 vols. Crown 8vo. Second Edition, Revised and Corrected. "We have read these two volumes with genuine gratification."-Hour. "We could have wished to give specimens of her very just, subtle, and concise criticisms on authors of every sort and time -poets, moralists, historians, and philosophers. Sara Coleridge, as she is revealed, or rather reveals herself, in the correspondence, makes a brilliant addition to a brilliant family reputation."-Saturday Review. "These charming volumes are attractive in two ways: first, as a memorial of a most amiable woman of high intellectual mark; and secondly, as rekindling recollections, and adding a little to our information regarding the life of Sara Coleridge's father, the poet and philosopher."-Athenæum. "An acceptable record, and present an adequate image of a mind of singular beauty and no inconsiderable power." Examiner. PHANTASMION. A Fairy Romance. By Sara Coleridge. [In preparation. 65, Cornhill; & 12, Paternoster Row, London. HISTORY AND BIOGRAPHY-continued. LEONORA CHRISTINA, memoirs oF, Daughter of Christian IV. of Denmark: Written during her Imprisonment in the Blue Tower of the Royal Palace at Copenhagen, 1663—1685. Translated by F. E. Bunnett, Translator of Grimm's "Life of Michael Angelo," &c. With an Autotype Portrait of the Princess. Medium 8vo. "A valuable addition to history."Daily News. "This remarkable autobiography, in 12s. 6d. which we gratefully recognize a valuable addition to the tragic romance of history." -Spectator. THE LATE REV. F. W. ROBERTSON, M.A., LIFE AND LETTERS OF. Edited by Stopford Brooke, M.A., Chaplain in Ordinary to the Queen. In 2 vols., uniform with the Sermons. Price 7s. 6d. Library Edition, in demy 8vo, with Two Steel Portraits. 12s. A Popular Edition, in I vol. Price 6s. NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE, A MEMOIR OF, with Stories now first published in this country. By H. A. Page. Large post 8vo. 7s. 6d. "The Memoir is followed by a criticism of Hawthorne as a writer; and the criticism is, on the whole, very well written, and exhibits a discriminating enthusiasm for one of the most fascinating of novelists."Saturday Review. "Seldom has it been our lot to meet with a more appreciative delineation of character than this Memoir of Hawthorne."-Morning Post. "He has done full justice to the fine character of the author of The Scarlet Letter.""-Standard. "A model of literary work of art."Edinburgh Courant. LIVES OF ENGLISH POPULAR LEADERS. No. 1.-STEPHEN LANGTON. BY C. Edmund Maurice. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d. "Mr. Maurice has written a very interesting book, which may be read with equal pleasure and profit."—Morning Post. "The volume contains many interesting details, including some important documents. It will amply repay those who read it, whether as a chapter of the constitutional history of England or as the life of a great Englishman."-Spectator. CABINET PORTRAITS. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF LIVING STATESMEN. By T. Wemyss Reid. I vol. crown 8vo. 7s. 6d. "We have never met with a work which we can more unreservedly praise. The sketches are absolutely impartial."Athenæum. "We can heartily commend his work." -Standard. "The 'Sketches of Statesmen' are drawn with a master hand."-Yorkshire Post. 65, Cornhill; & 12, Paternoster Row, London. |