O'er the Peninsula, a claim.

Now, Nap, while filling out his wine,
Told Josephine his bold design—
'My dear,' said he, and kiss'd her lip,
To Italy, we'll take a trip.'
To bring about this great event,
The Emperor and Empress went.
When in Milan they both arrived,
To coax the people Nap contrived;
And being a great Saint believed,
With adulation was receiv'd;
He, by his condescension, proved
How dearly he his children loved.
And on the Twenty Sixth of May
Began our hero to display
Another Coronation splendid,

While on a throne he sat attended.

Now highly honor'd and rever'd,
The diadem of France appear'd
On his right hand, and inter alia,
All its magnificent regalia.

Whilst on his left hand, to the sight,
The crown of iron sparkled bright;

Tho' iron, this they used to call,
The cross was iron, that was all.1

The rest was diamonds and pure gold,

And very lovely to behold.

The Cardinal Archbishop then

Began the ceremony--when

Nap was Italian King protested,

And with th' insignia too invested;

6

As a matter of fact, the crown is a broad circle of gold, set with large rubies, emeralds, and sapphires, on a ground of blue and gold enamel. The reason of its being called the Iron Crown' is that, running round the centre of the interior of the circle is a thin and narrow band of iron, which is supposed to be manufactured from one of the nails used in the Crucifixion of our Saviour, and given by St. Helena to her son Constantine as a talisman to protect him in battle.

The altar steps he hasten'd soon up,

And taking quick the precious boon up,
He placed the Crown upon his head,

And in a voice of thunder said

'Since heav'n has giv'n to me this Crown,

Who dares to touch it, I'll knock him down.'1

An amateur drew, and Gillray etched (August 2, 1805),

St. George and the Dragon, a Design for an Equestrian Statue from the Original in Windsor Castle.' Napoleon (a most ferocious dragon) has seized upon poor Britannia, who, dropping her spear and shield, her hair dishevelled, and her dress disordered, with upraised arm, attempts to avert her fate; but St. George (George the Third) on horseback, comes to the rescue, and, smiting that dragon, cleaves his crown.

As a practical illustration of the servile adulation with which he was treated, take the following etching by Woodward (September 15, 1805): 'Napoleon's Apotheosis Anticipated, or the Wise Men of Leipsic sending Boney to Heaven before his time!!! At the German University of Leipsic, it was decreed that the Constellation called Orion's Belt should hereafter be named Napoleon in Honor of that Hero.-Query-Did the Wise men of Leipsic mean it as an honor, or a reflection on the turbulent spirit of Boney, as the rising of Orion is generally accompanied with Storms and Tempests, for which reason he has the Sword in his hand.' Orion has his belt round Napoleon's neck, and is hoisting him up to heaven thereby; Napoleon is kicking and struggling, and exclaims, 'What are you about -I tell you I would rather stay where I was.' The German savants are watching him through their telescopes, saying, 'He mounts finely '- -' I think we have now made ourselves

1 Free translation for 'God has given it me-let him beware who would touch it,' the usual form of words when this crown was used.

immortal'-'It was a sublime idea '-'Orion seems to receive him better than I expected.' This is confirmed in 'Scot's Magazine,' 1807 1: 'The University of Leipzig has resolved henceforth to call by the name of Napoleon that group of stars which lies between the girdle and the sword of Orion; and a numerous deputation of the University was appointed to present the "Conqueror" with a map of the group so named!'

Napoleon hardly reckoned on Austria taking up arms against him without a formal declaration of war, and was rather put to it to find men to oppose the Allies, whose forces were reckoned at 250,000 men; whilst France, though with 275,000 men at her disposal, had 180,000 of them locked up in the so-called Army of England.' We can imagine his chagrin in having to forego his cherished. plan of invasion, and being compelled to withdraw his troops from the French shores.

The Times (how different a paper it was in those days to what it is now!) is jubilant thereupon.' 'The Scene that now opens upon the soldiers of France, by being obliged to leave the coast and march eastwards, is sadly different from that Land of Promise, which, for two years, has been held out to them, in all sorts of gay delusions. After all the efforts of the Imperial Boat-Builder, instead of sailing over the Channel, they will have to cross the Rhine. The bleak forests of Suabia will make but a sorry exchange for the promised spoils of our Docks and Warehouses. They will not find any equivalent for the plunder of the Bank in another bloody passage through "the Valley of Hell"; but they seem to have forgotten the magnificent promise of the Milliard

The French papers affected to make light of this death-blow to their hopes; one of them, quoted in the 1 Vol. xlix. p. 763. 2 September 11, 1805.

'Times' of September 13, says: 'Whilst the German Papers, with much noise, make more troops march than all the Powers together possess, France, which needs not to augment her forces in order to display them in an imposing manner, detaches a few thousand troops from the Army of England to cover her frontiers, which are menaced by the imprudent conduct of Austria.'

The caricaturist, of course, made capital out of it, and Rowlandson (October 1, 1805) designed 'The departure from the Coast or the End of the Farce of Invasion.' Napoleon, seated on a sorry ass, is sadly returning, inland, homeward, to the intense delight of some French monkeys. His Iron Crown is tottering off his head, and his steed is loaded with the Boulogne Encampment, the Army of England, and Excuses for non-performance. The British Lion on the English cliffs lifts his leg and gives Boney a parting salute. The latter exclaims, Bless me, what a shower! I shall be wet through before I reach the Rhine.'

The action of the Allies is shown by the caricature, 'Tom Thumb at Bay, or the Sovereigns of the Forest roused at last,' by Ansell (October 1805), which shows the Lilliputian Emperor, who has thrown away his crown and sceptre, being fiercely pursued by a double-headed eagle, a bear, and a boar, and is rushing into the open jaws of a ferocious lion. Which way shall I escape? If I fly from the Bear and the Eagle, I fall into the jaws of the Lion!!' Holland, Spain, and Italy, all have yokes round their necks-but, seeing Bonaparte's condition, Holland takes his off and lays it on the ground. The Spaniard, surprised, exclaims, 'Why! Mynheer, you have got your yoke off!' And the Italian, who is preparing to remove his, says, 'I think Mynheer's right, and now's the time, Don, to get ours off.' An army of rats is labelled, 'CoEstates ready to assist.'

CHAPTER XLII.

SURRENDER OF ULM-BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR-PROPOSALS FOR PEACEDANIEL LAMBERT.

MEANTIME the Austrians were in a very awkward position. General Mack was, from October 13, closely invested in Ulm, and Napoleon had almost need to restrain his troops, who were flushed with victory and eager for the assault. The carnage on both sides would, in such a case, have been awful; but Napoleon clearly pointed out to Mack his position how that, in eight days, he would be forced to capitulate for want of food: that the Russians were yet far off, having scarcely reached Bohemia; that no other aid was nigh:—and on October 20, the gates of Ulm were opened, and 36,000 Austrian troops slowly defiled therefrom. Sixteen generals surrendered with Mack, and Napoleon treated them generously. All the officers were allowed to go home, their parole, not to fight against France until there had been a general exchange of prisoners, only being required; and Napoleon sent 50,000 prisoners into France, distributing them throughout the agricultural districts.

Gillray drew (November 6, 1805) The Surrender of Ulm, or Buonaparte and Gen' Mack coming to a right understanding --Intended as a Specimen of French Victories -i.e. Conquering without Bloodshed!!!' It shows a little Napoleon, seated on a drum, whilst Mack and some other generals are grovelling on all fours, delivering up their