18. Which is the more valuable Metal, Gold or Iron?

See URE's Dictionary of Arts, &c.

Art. "Iron."

LEYDEN'S Ode to an Indian Gold Coin.

JACOB'S Enquiry into the Precious Metals.

HOLLAND'S Metal Manufactures, "Lardner's Cabinet
Cyclopædia."

A Paper on the Uses of Gold, "Maunder's Universal
Class Book:" also one on Iron.

NOTE.

This is

question between Show and Value-be

tween ornament and utility.

19. Is War in any case justifiable?

See SYDNEY SMITH'S Sermons " on Invasion."
The Tracts of the Peace Society.

CHALMERS on the Hatefulness of War.

CHANNING on War.

DR. JOHNSON'S Thoughts on the Falkland Islands.
ROBERT HALL on War.

BURKE on the Impeachment of Hastings.

Edinburgh Review, vol. xxxix. pp. 6—18.

vol. xxxv. p. 409.

SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH'S Works, vol. ii. pp. 320-327.; iii. 200. 252.

20. Has the Discovery of America been beneficial to

the World?

See LORD JEFFREY'S Essays, vol. ii. pp. 188-209.

"Columbus."

SYDNEY SMITH's Works, vol. i. pp. 280. 362,
ROBERTSON'S History of America.

WASHINGTON IRVING'S Life of Columbus.

MARTIN'S British Colonies. "North America."

Article

21. Can any Circumstances justify a Departure from

Truth?

See PALEY'S Moral and Political Philosophy.

BEATTIE'S Essay on Truth.

BENTHAM'S Principles of Morals.

BACON on Truth.

COMBE'S Moral Philosophy.

ROBERT HALL on Expediency.

LORD JEFFREY's Essays, vol. iii. pp. 303-310.

22. Is Sporting justifiable?

See SYDNEY SMITH's Works, vol. i. "Game Laws."
STRUTT on the Sports and Pastimes of England.
WALKER'S Manly Exercises.

WALTON on Angling.

CHRISTOPHER NORTH'S Recreations.

NIMROD on "The Chase, the Turf, and the Road."

SCROPE'S Deer Stalking.

Pamphlets by the HON. G. BERKELEY.

23. Does not Virtue necessarily produce Happiness, and does not Vice necessarily produce Misery in this Life?

See BENTHAM's Rationale of Reward.

24. From which does the Mind gain the more Knowledge, Reading or Observation?

See GIBBON'S Abstract of his Readings.

LORD BACON on Study.

MASON on Self-Culture.

TODD's Student's Manual.

CARLYLE on Books. "Hero-Worship."

CHANNING on Self-Culture.

ROBERT HALL on the Advantages of Knowledge.
Edinburgh Review, vol. xxxiv. p. 384.

25. Have the Gold Mines of Spain, or the Coal Mines of England, been more beneficial to the World?

See Hood's Poem-"Miss Kilmansegg," for a vivid de-
scription of the baneful influence of Gold.

A Paper on the Uses of Gold, in "Maunder's Universal
Class Book."

M'CULLOCH'S Commercial Dictionary, Art. "Coal.”

Empire."

Geographical Dictionary, Art. "British

26. Which was the greater General, Hannibal or

Alexander?

See PLUTARCH's Life of Alexander,

History of Rome.

THIRLWALL'S History of Greece.

27. Which was the greater Poet, Dryden or Pope?

See LORD JEFFREY'S Essays, vol. i.
SIR W. SCOTT's Life of Dryden.

T

pp. 163-166.

See CAMPBELL'S British Poets.

DR. JOHNSON's Parallel between Dryden and Pope.
"Lives of the Poets."

SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH's Works, vol. ii. pp. 520—522.
LORD BYRON's Strictures on Bowles.

28. Which has done the greater Service to Truth, Philosophy or Poetry?

See Edinburgh Review, vol. xxi. p. 294.
BACON'S Advancement of Learning.

Also the Works quoted in a previous theme in this
Volume.

NOTE. Philosophy is here meant to signify intellectual wisdom; and poetry, that inspiration respecting truth which great poets exhibit, and which seems to be quite independent of acquired knowledge. Philosophy is cultivated reason, poetry is a moral instinct towards the True and Beautiful. To decide the question we must see what we owe on the one hand to the discoveries of our philosophers; to Socrates, Plato, Epicurus, Bacon, Newton, Locke: and on the other, for what amount and sort of truth we are indebted to the intuition and inspiration of our poets, as Homer, Milton, Dante, Shakspere.

29. Is an Advocate justified in defending a Man whom he knows to be Guilty of the Crime with which he is charged?

See SYDNEY SMITH'S Works, vol. i. "On Counsel being allowed to Prisoners."

BENTHAM. Judicial Establishment.

BROUGHAM on the Duty of a Barrister..
PALEY'S Moral Phlosophy.

See PUNCH's Letters to his Son. "On the Choice of a

Profession."

SYDNEY TAYLOR'S Works, vol. i. pp. 102, 103.

30. Is it likely that England will sink into the Decay which befell the Nations of Antiquity?

See PLAYFAIR'S Enquiry into the Fall of Nations.

BACON'S Essay on Kingdoms.

VOLNEY'S Ruins of Empires.

GIBBON'S Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.
SOUTHEY'S Progress and Prospects of Society.
VAUGHAN'S Age of Great Cities.

31. Are Lord Byron's Writings Moral in their Tendency?

See LORD JEFFREY's Essays, vol. ii. pp. 366–371.
MACAULAY'S Critical Essays, vol. i. pp. 311. 352.
SYDNEY TAYLOR's Works, p. 288.

NOTE. The works of Byron must here be looked at as a whole, and not be judged by isolated passages: they must be tried, too, by eternal, and not by fashionable, morality.

32. Do the Mechanicians of Modern equal those of Ancient Times?

See FOSBROOKE and DUNHAM's Roman Arts and Manufac

tures.

Greek Ditto.

WILKINSON'S Ancient Egypt.
PETTIGREW's Ditto.

MAURICE'S Ancient Hindostan.

HEEREN'S Historical Researches.