In the first place, can any of your readers inform

noticed in the Censura Literaria, and entitled The Fraternitye of Vagabondes, was reprinted, some years since? - Was it by Machelle Stace, of Scotland Yard, who died a brother of the CharterHouse?

In the second place, can any of your clerical readers tell me where I can find any account of the late Rev. Mr. Genesse, of Bath, author of a History of the Stage, in ten volumes, one of the most elaborate and entertaining works ever published, which must have been a labour of love, and the labour of a life?

And, in the third and last place, I find, in the Bristol Gazette of the early part of last month, the following paragraph: - "THE RED MAIDS, 120 in number, enjoyed their annual dinner in honour of the birthday of their great benefactor, Alderman Whitson. The dinner consisted of joints of veal (which they only have on this occasion), and some dozens of plum puddings. The mayor and Mayoress attended, and were much pleased to witness the happy faces of the girls, to whom the Mayoress distributed one shilling each."

Can any of your curious contributors give me any account of these Red Maids-why they are so called, &c. &c.? - and, in fact, of the charity in general ?

It will not be one of the least of the many benefits of your publication, that, in noticing from time to time the real intention of many ancient charitable bequests, the purposes of the original benevolent founder may be restored to their integrity, and the charity devoted to the use of those for whom it was intended, and who will receive it as a charity, and not, as is too often the case, be swallowed up as a mere place, - or worse, a sinecure. ARTHUR GRIFFINHOOF, JUN.

THE NAME OF SHYLOCK.

Dr. Farmer has stated that Shakspere took the name which he has given to one of the leading characters in the Merchant of Venice from a pamphlet entitled Caleb Shilloche, or the Jew's Prediction. The date of the pamphlet, however, being some years posterior to that of the play, renders this origin impossible. Mr. C. Knight, who points out this error, adds - "Scialac was the name of a Marionite of Mount Libanus."

But "query," Was not Shylock a proper name among the Jews, derived from the designation employed by the patriarch Jacob in predicting the advent of the Messiah - "until Shiloh come"? (Gen. xlix. 10.) The objection, which might be urged, that so sacred a name would not have been applied by an ancient Jew to his child, has not much weight, when we recollect that some Christians have not shrunk from the blasphemous impo

SHILOACH, for he translates it by Qui mittendus est. (Lond. Encyc. in voc. "Shiloh.") Now the difference between Shiloach and Shylock is very trivial indeed. I shall be very glad to have the opinion of some of your numerous and able contributors on this point.

But, after all, Shylock may have been a family name familiar to the great dramatist. In all my researches on the subject of English surnames, however, I have but once met with it as a generic distinction. In the Battel Abbey Deeds (penes Sir T. Phillipps, Bart.) occurs a power of attorney from John Pesemershe, Esq., to Richard Shylok, of Hoo, co. Sussex, and others, to deliver seizin of all his lands in Sussex to certain persons therein named. The date of this document is July 4. 1435. MARK ANTONY LOWER.

TRANSPOSITION OF LETTERS.

I should be obliged if any of your readers would give me the reason for the transposition of certain letters, chiefly, but not exclusively, in proper names, which has been effected in the course of time.

The name of our Queen Bertha was, in the seventh century, written Beorhte.

The Duke Brythnoth's name was frequently written Byrthnoth, in the tenth century.

In Eardweard, we have dropped the a; in Ealdredesgate, the e. In Aedwini, we have dropped the first letter (or have sometimes transposed it), although, I think, we are wrong; for the given name Adwin has existed in my own family for several centuries.

John was always written Jhon till about the end of the sixteenth century; and in Chaucer's time, the word third, as every body knows, was written thridde, or thrydde. I believe that the h in Jhon was introduced, as it was in other words in German, to give force to the following vowel. Certain letters were formerly used in old French in like manner, which were dropped upon the introduction of the accents.

Hillingdon, Jan. 5.

B. WILLIAMS.

PICTURES OF QUEEN ELIZABETH AND CHARLES I. IN CHURCHES.

Your correspondent "R. O." will find two pictures of Charles I. of the same allegorical character as that described by him in his note (antè, p. 137.), one on the wall of the stairs leading to the north gallery of the church of St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, and the other in the hall of the law courts in Guildhall Yard. I know nothing of the history of the first-mentioned picture; the latter, until within a few years, hung on the wall, above the gallery, in the church of St. Olave, Jewry, when, upon the church undergoing repair, it was taken down, and, by the parishioners, presented to the corporation of London, who placed it in its present position. In the church of St. Olave there were two other pictures hung in the gallery, one representing the tomb of Queen Elizabeth, copied from the original at Westminster, the other of Time on the Wing, inscribed with various texts from Scripture. Both these pictures were presented at the same time with the picture of Charles I. to the corporation, and are now in the hall in Guildhall Yard. The representation of Queen Elizabeth's tomb is to be met with, I believe, in some other of the London churches. The picture in Bishopsgate Church is fully described in the 1st vol. of Malcolm's Londinium Redivivum, p. 243., and the St. Olave's pictures are mentioned in the 4th vol. of the same work, p. 563. Malcolm states he was not able to find any account of the Bishopsgate painting in the parish books. Hitherto I have not been able to discover anything connected with the history of the St. Olave's pictures, which, as the old church was destroyed in the great fire of 1666, were doubtless placed there subsequently to that year. I shall be glad if any of your readers can throw any light as to the time when, and the circumstances under which, such pictures as I have mentioned, referring to Queen Elizabeth and Charles I., were placed in our churches.

JAMES CROSBY.

FLAYING IN PUNISHMENT OF SACRILEGE.

In the Journal of the Archæological Institute, for September, 1848, there are some most interesting notes on the subject of "Flaying in Punishment of Sacrilege," by Mr. Way. Since then I have felt peculiar interest in the facts and traditions recorded by Mr. Way. Can any of your correspondents, or Mr. Way himself, give any further references to authors by whom the subject is mentioned, besides those named in the paper to which I allude? A few weeks ago I received a piece of skin, stated to be human, and taken from the door of the parish church of Hadstock, in Essex. Together with this I received a short written paper, apparently written some fifty years ago, which ascribes the fact of human skin being found on the door of that church, to the punishment, not of sacrilege, but of a somewhat different crime. The piece of skin has been pronounced to be human by the highest authority. As the above query might lead to some lengthy "notes," I desire only to be informed of the titles of any works, ancient or modern, in which distinct mention, or allusion, is made of the punishment of flaying. R. V.

Winchester.

MINOR QUERIES.

Pokership or Parkership. - In Collins' Peerage, vol. iv. p. 242., 5th edition, 1779, we are told that Sir Robert Harley, of Wigmore Castle, in 1604, was made Forester of Boringwood, alias Bringwood Forest, in com. Hereford, with the office of the 'Pokership, and custody of the forest

or chase of Prestwood for life. The same word occurs in the edition (the 3rd) of 1741, and in that edited by Sir Egerton Brydges in 1812 (vol. iv. p. 57.).

If Pokership be not a misprint or misreading of the original authority, viz. Pat. 2. Jac. I. p. 21., for Parkership, can any of your readers tell me the meaning of "the Pokership," which is not to be found in any book of reference within my reach? I like the "NOTES AND QUERIES" very much. Audley End, Jan. 9. 1850.

BRAYBROOKE.

Boduc or Boduoc on British Coins. - I observe there is a prevailing opinion that the inscription on the British coin, "Boduc or Boduoc," must be intended for the name of our magnanimous Queen Boadicea. I am sorry to cast a cloud over so pleasant a vision, but your little book of QUERIES tempts me to throw in a doubt.

Although the name Budic is not met with in the pedigrees of England, commonly given by Welsh heralds, yet it is often found among the families of the Welsh in Brittany, and as they are reported to be early descendants of the Welsh of England, there can be little doubt that the name was once common in England. I beg leave, therefore, to query, Whether the inscription is not intended for a Regulus of Britain of that name? P.

The Origin of the word Snob. - Can any of your valuable correspondents give me the origin or derivation of the word Snob?

When, and under what peculiar circumstances, was it first introduced into our language?

In the town in which I reside, in the north of England, the word Snob was formerly applied to a cobbler, and the phrase was in use, "Snip the tailor, and Snob the cobbler."

I cannot discover how and why the word Snob was enlarged into its present comprehensive meaning.

Explanations of many of the slang phrases met with in the dramatic works of the last century, such as, "Thank you, sir, I owe you one," "A Rowland for an Oliver," "Keep moving, dad," &c. &c. would perhaps give much light upon the manners of the times, and an interesting history might be compiled of the progress of slang phrases to the present day.

ALPHA.

Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the Printer. - Can any of your correspondents inform me what was really the surname of Theodoric Mertens, Martins, or Martini, the printer of Louvain, and who

Queen's Messengers. I should esteem it a favour conferred if any of your readers could give me any memoranda touching the early origin of the corps now termed Queen's Messengers, the former "Knightes caligate of Armes." The only mention that I have read of their origin is a brief notice in Knight's London, No. 131. p. 91.; but doubtless there exists, did I know what works to consult, many more voluminous a history of their origin and proceedings than the short summary given in the work of Mr. Knight. In whose reign were they first created? and by whom were they appointed? In fact, any data relating to their early history would very much oblige, J. U. G. G.

Bishop Lesly of Ross' Epitaph. - Machoreus or Macorovius, "De Prælio Aveniniano." -Would any of your readers be so kind as to favour me with a copy of the Latin epitaph of Bishop Lesly, of Ross, inscribed on his tomb in the abbey church of Gurtenburg, near Brussels?

Can any one furnish the entire title and imprint of a Latin poem, De Prælio Aveniniano, said to have been written in 1594, by a Scottish Jesuit named Alexander Macorovius, or Machoreus? Any particulars concerning this author would gratify

LLEWELYN ST. GEORGE.

Sir William Rider. - "H. F." would feel obliged by a reference to any work containing an account of Sir William Rider and his family. He was

Lord Mayor of London in 1600; and his daugh

ter Mary was married to Sir Thomas Lake, of Cannons, Secretary of State temp. James I. _ He wishes more particularly to ascertain the date of

Sir William Rider's death.

The Word "Poghele." - What is the etymology and precise meaning of the word "Poghele" (pronounced Poughley), or rather the first part of it, which occurs occasionally as the name of a place in the county of Berks, and perhaps elsewhere? W.

Duncan Campbell.-Was the Duncan Campbell, of whom memoirs were written by Defoe, a real or an imaginary person? If the former, where can one find any authentic account of him? L. B.

Cazena on the Inquisition. - Can any one tell me what is the public opinion of Cazena's work on the Inquisition? I see Limborch and many others quoted concerning that tribunal, but never Cazena. Is the book scarce? - or is it not esteemed ? I never saw but one copy. P.

The Reconciliation, 1554. - In 1554 Cardinal Pole directed a register to be kept in every parish of all the parishioners who, on a certain day, were

to be reconciled to the Church of Rome and ab

solved. (Burnet's Ref. vol. iii. p. 245.)

The Bishop of London's Declaration thereon (Feb. 19. 1554) runs thus:

"And they not so reconciled, every one of them shall have processe made agaynst him accordyng to the canons, as the case shall requyre; for which purpose the pastours and curates of every paryshe shall be commanded by their archedeacon to certyfye me in writinge of every man and woman's name that is not so reconciled."

Have any of your readers at any time seen and made a note of such a register?

The most probable place of deposit would be the Bishop's Registry, but I have never yet been fortunate enough to meet with one of these curious returns.

MISCELLANIES.

J. S. B.

Darkness at the Crucifixion. - The following passage, in a volume of Lectures by the Rev. H. Blunt, has fallen under my notice:

"It was this Dionysius (the Areopagite) of whom the earliest Christian historians relate that, being at Heliopolis, in Egypt, at the time of our Lord's crucifixion, when he beheld the mid-day darkness which attended that awful event, he exclaimed, Either the

God of Nature suffers, or the frame of the world will be dissolved."

Having very limited opportunity of studying the

ancient historians, I should be greatly obliged if you would inform me from what work this ac

count is derived; or refer me to any authors, not having embraced Christianity, who give a description of the crucifixion of our Saviour; and especially with reference to the "darkness over all the earth" at the time of that event, mentioned by St. Luke, who also adds, that "the sun was darkened." Your kindly consenting, as you did in your second number, to receive queries respecting references, has induced me to trouble you so far.

S. A. M.

[Our correspondent will find much that is to his purpose, both in the way of statements and of reference to original authorities, in Lardner's Jewish and Heathen Testimonies, chap. xiii. of the Heathen Authors; vol. ii. p. 125. of the original 4to. edition; or vol. vii. p. 370. of the 8vo. edition of his works by Kippis, 1788.]

High-Doctrine. - In the Cambridgeshire fens there are a great number of Dissenters, and I believe Cromwell's Ironsides were chiefly recruited from those districts. On the higher lands adjoining are the old parish churches; and in conversation it is not uncommon to hear the tenets of the Church of England described as High land Doctrine, in contra-distinction to the Low land, or Dissenters' doctrine.

The thing is amusing, if nothing else, and I heard it while staying some few years ago with my brother, who lives on the edges of the Cambridgeshire fens.

E. H.

Wife of Robert de Bruce. - In the Surrenden Collection is an interesting roll, entitled "Liberatio facta Ingelardo de Warlee Custodi Garderobe, 7 E. 2."

It is, as its title imports, the release to the keeper of the wardrobe, for one year's accounts, ao. 7 E. 2.

I shall probably be able to send you therefrom a few "notes" illustrative of the history of that time.

As a commencement, I think that the subjoined "note" will interest your historical readers.

It appears that the unfortunate wife of Robert Bruce was then consigned to the care of the Abbess of Barking, with an allowance of 20s. per week for the same. She was, I believe, the daughter of Henry de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, and died in 1328. In the above roll there is the following entry:

"C' liberati Anne de Veer Abbatisse de Berkyng, per manus domini Roberti de Wakfeld clerici, super expensis domine Elizabethe uxoris Roberti de Brus, percipientis per ebdomadum xx3., et ibidem perhendinantis."

"C liberati Johanni de Stystede valletto Abbatisse de Berkyngg, per manus proprias, super expensis Domine de Brus in Abbathia de Berkyng perhendi

ornament much too large for the finger or even wrist of any lady: that paper says,

"This curious object of virtu is described in the Parisian journals as, 'la plus belle relique de l'Europe;' and it has, certainly, excited considerable interest in the archæological and religious circles of the continent. The talisman is of fine gold, of round form, as our illustration shows, set with gems, and in the centre are two rough sapphires, and a portion of the Holy Cross; besides other relics brought from the Holy Land."

The rest of the description much resembles your correspondent's, and asserts the talisman to be at that time the property of Prince Louis Napoleon, then a prisoner in the château of Ham. S. A. M.

Sayers the Caricaturist. - In Wright's England under the House of Hanover, vol. ii. p. 83 n., it is stated that James Sayer, the caricaturist, "died in the earlier part of the present century, no long time after his patron, Pitt." In Sepulchral Reminiscences of a Market Town, by Mr. Dawson Turner (Yarmouth, 8vo. 1848), p. 73 n., the caricaturist is called Sayers, and is said to have died on the 20th of April, 1823. C. H. COOPER.

[Our correspondent will find much curious illustration of this now obsolete custom in Strutt's Sports and Pastimes, p. 357. (ed. Hone), where the preceding passage from the Spectator is quoted; and we are told "these decorations of silver cups, tankards, &c. were borrowed for the purpose, and hung round the milk pails (with the addition of flowers and ribands), which the maidens carried upon their heads when they went to the houses of their customers, and danced in order to obtain a small gratuity from each of them." In Tempest's Cryes of London there is a print of a wellknown merry milk-maid, Kate Smith, dancing with the milk pail decorations upon her head. See also Hone's Every Day Book, i. p. 576.]

Dr. Dee's Petition. - There is no mention of Dr. Dee's petition to King James in the list of his works in Tanner's Bibliotheca Britannica; but in Beloe's Anecdotes, vol. ii. p. 263., is an account of the preface to a scarce work of his, in which he defends himself from the charge of being a conjurer, or caller of divels, &c.

Tanner mentions his Supplication to Queen Mary for the Recovery of Ancient Writings and Monuments.

I fear, however, that your correspondent is ac

Lines quoted by Goethe. - I beg to inform your correspondent "TREBOR," that he will find the lines quoted by Goethe in his Autobiography, in Rochester's Satire against Mankind. J. S.

Queen Mary's Expectations. - Most persons have heard of the anxiety of Queen Mary I. for the birth of a child, and of her various disappointments; but many may not be aware that among the Royal Letters in the State Paper Office, are letters in French, prepared in expectation of the event, addressed by Queen Mary, without date, except "Hampton Court, 1555" (probably about May), to her father-in-law, the Emperor Charles V., to Henry II., King of France, to Eleonora, Queen Dowager of France, to Ferdinand I., King of Bohemia, to Mary, the Queen Dowager of Bohemia, to the Doge of Venice, to the King of Hungary, and to the Queen Dowager of Hungary, announcing to each the birth of her child, the word being so written fil, as to admit of being made filz, or of an easy alteration to the feminine fille, if necessary. J. E.

Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns. - I saw it mentioned in a review in the Guardian some few weeks ago, as one merit of the last edition of the Book of Common Prayer, published by Eyre and Spottiswoode, thut it had restored Bishop Ken's Morning and Evening Hymns to their original purity.

I have no means of accurately testing this assertion by reference to any undoubted version of the date of the original publication, but I have no doubt that this might easily be done through the medium of your paper; and I think you will agree with me that, if it should be substantiated, not only is credit due to the Queen's printers, but also that it is an example which ought to be followed, without exception, in all future editions of the Prayer Book.

The variations, which I have noted in the ordinary version of the Hymns, as given in other Prayer Books, are too numerous to be inserted here, not to mention the omission of several stanzas, three in the Morning Hymn, together with the Doxology, and one in the Evening Hymn.

If they be false readings, no doubt they have been allowed to creep in inadvertently, and need only pointing out to be corrected. It occurred to me that this might be done most effectually in your columns, and I venture to hope that you will not consider it a task unworthy the high aim

lication.

OXONIENSIS.

We may take this opportunity of noticing that the Queen's printers have lately restored the lesser Saints'

Days to the kalendar in their smaller editions of the Common Prayer. We are not aware of any other

similar editions in which the kalendar appears thus complete.]

Etymology of "Daysman." - What is the etymology of Daysman, which, in the Book of Job, and in some of our provincial dialects, means a mediator or arbitrator? MARK ANTONY LOWER.

[NARES defines Daysman, an umpire or arbitrator, from his fixing a day for decision; and adds, " Mr. Todd shows that day sometimes meant Judgment." Jacob, in his Law Dictionary, tells us, "Days-man signifies, in the North of England, an arbitrator or person chosen to determine an affair in dispute, who is called a Dies-man or Days-man." Jacob's definition may be again illustrated from NARES: - " In Switzerland (as we are informed by Simlerus) they had some common arbitrators, or dayesmen, in every towne, that made a friendly composition betwixt man and man." Burton, Anat.]

Roland Monoux. - In answer to your correspondent "," p. 137., the monumental brass in his possession is, no doubt, from the church at Edmonton, Middlesex. Lysons (Environs of London, vol. ii. p. 263.), in his description of Edmonton Church, says, "Near the door is a brass plate, with some English verses to the memory of RoLAND MONOUX (no date)." He subjoins, in a note, "arms - on a chevron betw. 3 oak-leaves as many bezants, on a chief 2 anchors, a market for difference. On the brass plate are some English verses, nowise remarkable."

These arms (omitting the chief) are those borne by the Baronet Monnoux of Sandy in Bedfordshire (extinct in 1814), who was descended from Sir George Monox, of Walthamstow, Lord Mayor of London, who died in 1543, to whom and his lady there are brasses in Walthamstow Church. ROLAND of Edmonton was doubtless of the same family. I am not able to give an opinion of the date of the brass in question; but it might be readily conjectured from the style of its execution.

دو

Your readers will, I am sure, all unite with me in commendation of your correspondent "M's" correct feeling in offering to restore this monument to its original site. I hope "M's" example will find many followers. There are hundreds of