Imagens das páginas
PDF
ePub
[blocks in formation]

In One handsome Volume, price 11. 10s., Post Quarto, 700 pages, cloth,

MANY THOUGHTS ON MANY THINGS;

BEING A

TREASURY OF REFERENCE,

SELECTED FROM THE WRITINGS OF

THE KNOWN GREAT AND THE GREAT UNKNOWN.

COMPILED AND ANALYTICALLY ARRANGED

BY HENRY SOUTHGATE.

"Read, and fear not thine own understanding this book will create a clear one in thee; and when thou hast considered thy purchase, thou wilt call the price of it a charity to thyself." - SHIRLEY.'

This Work is adapted for reference to any particular subject, and, from the variety of interesting topics which it comprises, both in prose and verse, it will also afford many an hour of agreeable and instructive reading. We are here conducted, as it were, through a picture gallery of the first masters, through a garden of the choicest flowers, - where the social virtues may be promoted, the pleasures of refined intellectuality cultivated, and Some of the purest delights of which the human heart is susceptible be freely enjoyed.

In most of the Dictionaries of Quotations now extant, it will be found that the citations or extracts intended to illustrate the respective subjects are jumbled together in promiscuous confusion; but in the present collection Alphabetical Classification has been closely observed, - every subject is analysed, and all its different aspects presented and arranged under Alphabetical Sub-Heads, so as to enable the student readily to refer to any general matter in which he may feel interested, and which he will find illustrated, in its various phases, by some distinguished writer of ancient or modern times.

The manifest advantages of the plan, it is presumed, will be seen on reference to any word of a general abstract nature, of which the following extract will serve as an illustration, as may be seen by the Analytical Contents:

ABSENCE, Definition of from those we love Endearments of

Happiness after a period of Impatience of Miseries of Pangs of Return after - Tedium of of Mind.

ADVERSITY, its Antidote the Balm of Causes of - Consolation in
- Divine Visitation Effects of Endurance of Fortitude in -
The Lesson of preferable to Guilt prevents Satiety of Enjoyment
- the Touchstone of Merit - Trials of Uses of.

ADVICE, often the saying of a Foolish Thing apt to be rejected
Conjugal-Disagrecableness of easy to give with bad Example
- Giving-to be given smoothly given by a Friend - Imprudent
Use of Instructive - Inutility of why Offensive - Practical
Profiting by Provident Prudent Soliciting, but not Taking
Swift's Opinion of-Taking and Giving - sometimes Useful.

AFFECTATION, a Blemish Characteristics of Coxcombry of the
Daughter of Vanity Folly of Loathsomeness of of Manners
of Maidens Ridiculousness of.

AFFECTION, Characteristics of - Courage of Domestic in Families
-Fraternal-Mutual-Necessity of-Paternal Periods of Power
and Permanency of Sentiments of of Social Life-in Women.
AFFECTIONS, of the Passions.

AFFLICTION, the Balm of Causes of Comfort in Consolation
in-Designed by Heaven - Fortitude under Furnace of suc-
ceeded by Heavenly Joys - the Lot of Man - the Medicine of the
Mind its Operations Pangs of Power of its Purifying Effects
Sanctified the Soil of Virtue - Submission to Trials of-
Trials and Uses of.

ANGELS, Appeal to their Protection - Attendants of Man Celestial
Essences-Celestiality of their Compassion_Description of their
Ethereal Course Harbingers of the Most High of the Lord Mes-
sengers of Divine Wrath_their Reverence the Solace of Affliction.

ANGER, Allaying of Consequences of Debasing Tendency of - De-
fiance to Definition of Disposition of Evils of Evils of Indul-
gence in when most Fearful Fierceness of like a Fire - Folly
of of the Generous Mind allayed by Gentle Correction - like a
full-mettled Horse Impotence of Imprudence of Inconsistency
of-Intoxication of Management of Obstinacy of Pain of Pas-

sion of Remedy for- Repentance caused by Restraining of-like
a Ruin Severe Aspect of - Short and Passing - Suppression of
Terrible Aspect of - Unruliness of - Violent-Violent Effects of of
Wisdom.

ART, Beauty of Infinity of Ornamental - Power of the highest
Sagacity Study of Utility of.

ARTIFICE, in Fashionable Life - when Shallow, begets Suspicion.
ARTIST, his Attributes - his Duties - his Life one of Thought-his
Qualities his Quickness of Vision.

ARTS, Holiness of the (Useful) Blessings of the.
ASCETIC, Character of the.

ASPEN, Superstition connected with the.

ASPIRATIONS, to Holy Desires of the Immortal Soul-to Lofty Objects Realization of.

ASSOCIATIONS, with the Illustrious Dead - Gloomy of Nature
and Art of Youth and Manhood.

ATHEISM, can never inspire Eloquence -its Fallacy demonstrated-
Folly of a Moral Plague Profanity of Sin of.

ATHEIST, a Despicable Mortal his Doubts an Enemy to Mankind
- his Superstition and Incredulity.

AUTHORITY, Abuse of to be assumed by Men of Repute_Bribed by Gold to be exercised with Calmness - Commands of Destructive to a Weak Head Different Uses of Paternal-Power of to be exercised with Temper Vigorously administered.

AUTHORSHIP, Amenities of Art of Characteristics of-Difficulties
of its Difficulties in Writing Truth-Duties of Food for the Mind
-Literary Labour of Novelty in, not Greatness Perfection of
Pleasures of Prevalence of Privilege of Solidity of-Study ne-
cessary for.

AVARICE, Admonition against Choice of Death the Reward of
the Element of all Evil Insatiability of its Inveterate Obduracy
a species of Madnessa Money-getting Spirit a Moral Weed-and
Paternal Affection Pernicious Growth of Poverty of Slavery of
Sordidness of Strengthens with Age.

[blocks in formation]

Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8. New-Street Square, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.-Saturday, February 9. 1850.

A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION

FOR

LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC.

No. 16.]

"When found, make a note of."- CAPTAIN CUTTLE.

NOTES:

CONTENTS.

Daniel Defoe and his Ghost Stories

SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 16. 1850.

Folk Lore-Easter Eggs-Buns-Gloucestershire Cus.

241

242

242

243

244

244

Price Threepence.
Stamped Edition, 4d.

the year 1665) he had seen and laid to rest, that in the Page first instance had haunted a poor lad, the son of a Mr. Bligh, in his way to school, in a place called the Higher Broom Field.' This grave relation showed, I thought, the credulity of the times in which the author of it lived; and so I determined to have doctor, boy, and ghost in my story. But whereas, in the worthy divine's account of the transaction, the ghost appears to come on earth for no purpose whatever 245 (unless it be to frighten the poor boy), I resolved to give the spirit something to do in such post-mortem visitations, and that the object of them should be of import to the tale. Accordingly, I made boy, doctor, and the woman (who is said after her death to have 246 appeared to the lad) into characters, invented a story for them, and gave them adventures."

[blocks in formation]
[blocks in formation]

246

[blocks in formation]

245

[blocks in formation]

"Soon after the publication of Trelawny, my much esteemed friend, the Rev. F. V. T. Arundell*, informed me, that, whilst engaged in his antiquarian researches in Cornwall, he found among some old and original 250 papers the manuscript account, in Dr. Ruddell's own hand-writing, of his encounter with the ghost in question. This he lent Gilbert, who inserted it in his History of Cornwall; and there I first saw it, as stated above. A few months ago, I purchased some of the reprinted volumes of the Works of Daniel de Foe. Among these was the Life of Mr. Duncan Campbell, a fortuneteller. To my great surprise, I found inserted in the Appendix, (after verses to Mr. Duncan Campbell), without either name of the author, reference, or introduction, under the heading, A remarkable Passage of an Apparition, 1665,' no other than Dr. Ruddell's account of meeting the ghost which bad haunted the boy, so much the same as that I had read in Gilbert, that it scarcely seemed to differ from it in a word. The name of Mr. Bligh, the father of the boy, was, however, omitted; and Dr. Ruddell could only be known as the author of the account by the lad's father calling the narrator Mr. Ruddell, in their discourse about the youth. The account is so strangely inserted in the Appendix to the volume, without comment or reference, that, had I not previously known the circumstances above named by Mr. Arundell, I should have fancied it a fiction of De Foe himself, like the story

I feel obliged by your intelligent correspondent "D. S.," having ascertained that De Foe was the author of the Tour through Great Britain. Perhaps he may also be enabled to throw some light on a subject of much curiosity connected with De Foe, that appears to me well worth the inquiry.

Mrs. Bray, in her General Preface prefixed to the first volume of the reprint, in series, of her Novels and Romances, when giving an account of the circumstances on which she founded her very graphic and interesting romance of Trelawny of Trelawne, says

"In Gilbert's History of Cornwall, I saw a brief but striking account, written by a Doctor Ruddell, a clergyman of Launceston, respecting a ghost which (in

* Of Landulph, Cornwall, the author of Discoveries in Asia Minor, and the well-known Visit to the Seven Churches of Asia. Mr. Arundell is now dead.

16

SECOND EDITION.

of the ghost of Mrs. Veal, prefixed to Drelincourt on

Death.

"Aware that Mr. Arundell had no idea that Ruddell's ghost story was to be found in any work previous to Gilbert's, I lost no time in communicating to that gentleman what I could not but deem a very curious discovery. He assured me there could be no mistake as to the genuineness of the ghost document he had

found, as he had compared the manuscript with Rud

dell's hand-writing in other papers, and saw it was one and the same. Soon after, Mr. Arundell favoured me with some further information on the subject, which I here give, as it adds still more to the interest of the story: Looking into Gilbert's History of Cornwall, in the parish of South Petherwin, there is said to be in the old mansion of Botathan five portraits of the Bligh family; one of them is the likeness of the boy, whose intimacy with the ghost of Dorothy Durant been spoken of in his first volume, where she is erroneously called Dingley. If this be a fact, it is very interesting; for it is strange that both Mr. Ruddell,

has

the narrator (whose manuscript I lent to Gilbert), and De Foe, should have called her Dingley. I have no doubt it was a fictitious name, for I never heard of it in Launceston or the neighbourhood; whereas Durant is the name of an ancient Cornish family: and I remember a tall, respectable man of that name in Launceston, who died at a very advanced age; very probably a connexion of the Ghost Lady. He must have been born about 1730. Durant was probably too respectable a name to be published, and hence the fictitious one.' Mr. Arundell likewise says, 'In Launceston Church is a monument to Charles Bligh and Judith his wife, who died, one in 1716, and the other in 1717. He is said to have been sixty years old, and was probably the brother of Samuel, the hero of Dorothy Dingley. Sarah, the wife of the Rev. John Ruddell, has a monument also in Launceston Church. She died in 1667. Mr. Ruddell was Vicar of Aternon in 1684. He was the minister of Launceston in 1665, when he saw the ghost who haunted the boy."

Such is Mrs. Bray's account of these very curious circumstances. The ghost story inserted in Gilbert, as mentioned above, is altogether so much in the style of De Foe, that a doubt remains whether, after all, he may not have been the author of it. Can "D. S.," or any of your readers, throw further light on the subject? D. S. Y.

PET-NAMES.

"Mary" is informed that "Polly" is one of those "hypocorisms," or pet-names, in which our language abounds. Most are mere abbreviations, as Will, Nat, Pat, Bell, &c., taken usually from the beginning, sometimes from the end of the name, The ending y or ie is often added, as a more endearing form: as Annie, Willy, Amy, Charlie, &c. Many have letter-changes, most of which imitate the pronunciation of of infants. i L is lisped

for r. A central consonant is doubled. O between m and l is more easily sounded than a. An

infant forms p with its lips sooner than m; papa before mamma. The order of change is: Mary, Maly, Mally, Molly, Polly. Let me illustrate this; I forr appears in Sally, Dolly, Hal; P for m in Patty, Peggy: vowel-change in Harry, Jim, Meg, Kitty, &c.; and in several of these the doubled consonant. To pursue the subject: reduplication is used; as in Nannie, Nell, Dandie; and (by substitution) in Bob. Ded would be of ill omen: therefore we have, for Edward, Ned or Ted, nandt being coheir to d; for Rick, Dick, perhaps on account of the final d in Richard. Letters are dropped for softness: as Fanny for Franny, Bab for Barb, Wat for Walt. Maud is Norman for Mald, from Mathild, as Bauduin for Baldwin. Argidius becomes Giles, our nursery friend Gill, who accompanied Jack in his disastrous expedition "up the hill." Elizabeth gives birth to Elspeth, Eliza (Eloisa?), Lisa, Lizzie, Bet, Betty, Betsy, Bessie, Bess; Alexander (x=cs) to Allick and Sandie. What are we to say of Jack for John? It seems to be from Jacques, which is the French for our James? How came the confusion? I do not remember to have met with the name James in early English history; and it seems to have reached us from Scotland. Perhaps, as Jean and Jacques were among the commonest French names, John came into use as a baptismal name, and Jacques or Jack entered by its side as a familiar term. But this is a mere guess; and I solicit further information. John answers to the German Johann or Jehann, the Sclavonic Ivan, the Italian Giovanni (all these languages using a strengthening consonant to begin the second syllable): the French Jean, the Spanish Juan, James to the German Jacob, the Italian, Giacomo, the French Jacques, the Spanish Jago. It is observable that of these, James and Giacomo alone have the m. Is James derived from Giacomo? How came the name into Scotland?

Of German pet-names some are formed by abbreviation; some also add s, as Fritz for Frieds from Friedrich, Hans for Hann from Johann. (To this answers our sore in the forms Betsy, Nancy, Elsie, &c.) Some take chen (our kin, as mannikin) as Franschen, Hannchen. Thus Catskin in the nursery ballad which appears in Mr. Halluvell's Collection, is a corruption of Kätchen, Kitty. Most of our softened words are due to the smooth-tongued Normans. The harsh Saxon Schrobbesbyrigschire, or Shropshire, was by them softened into le Comté de Salop, and both names BENJ. H. KENNEDY.

are still used.

Shrewsbury, Feb. 2. 1850.

LACEDÆMONIAN BLACK BROTH.

If your readers are not already as much disgusted with Spartan Black Broth as Dionysius was

[blocks in formation]

" It was an excellent question of Lady Cotton, when Sir Robert Cotton was magnifying of a shoe, which was Moses's or Noah's, and wondering at the strange shape and fashion of it: 'But, Mr. Cotton,' says she, are you sure it is a shoe?'"

[ocr errors]

Now, from the following passage in Manso's Sparta, it would seem that a similar question might be put on the present occasion: Are you sure that it was broth? Speaking of the pheiditia, Manso says:

"Each person at table had as much barley-bread as he could eat; swine's-flesh, or some other meat to eat with it, with which the famous black-sauce (whose composition, without any loss to culinary art, is evidently a mystery for us) was given round, and to close the meal, olives, figs, and cheese."

In a note he continues:

This questio vexata it seems had not escaped the notice of German antiquaries. In Boettiger's Kleine Schriften, vol. iii., Sillig has printed for the first time a Dissertation in answer to a question which might have graced your pages: "Wherewith did the Ancients spoon" [their food]? which opens thus:

"Though about the composition and preparation of Spartan Black Sauce we may have only so many doubts, yet still it remains certain that it was a jus boiled flesh prepared with pig's blood, salt, and vinegar, a brodo; and, when it was to a certain degree thickened by boiling, though not like a Polenta or other doughlike mass (maza offa), eaten with the fingers. Here, then, arises a gastronomic question, of importance in archæology; what table furniture or implements did the Spartans make use of to carry this sauce to their mouths? A spoon, or some substitute for a spoon, must have been at hand in order to be able to enjoy this Schwarzsauer."

It is certain at least that spoons and forks were unknown to the Spartans, and some have conjec

"Some imagined that the receipt for its composition tured that a shell, and even an egg-shell, may

was to be found in Plutarch (De Tuenda Sanitate, t. vi. p. 487.), but apparently it was only imagination. That ζωμός signified not broth, as it has been usually translated, but sauce, is apparent from the connection in which Athenæus used the word. To judge from Hesychius, it appears to have borne the name of βάφα among the Spartans. How little it pleased the Sicilian Dionysius is well known from Plutarch (Inst. Lacon. t. v. 880.) and from others."

Sir Walter Trevelyan's question is soon answered, for I presume the celebrity of Spartan Black Broth is chiefly owing to the anecdote of Dionysius related by Plutarch, in his very popular | and amusing Laconic Apophthegms, which Stobæus and Cicero evidently followed; this and what is to be gathered from Athenæus and Julius Pollux, with a few words in Hesychius and the Etymologicon Magnum, is the whole amount of our information. Writers since the revival of letters have mostly copied each other, from Cælius Rhodiginus down to Gesner, who derives his conjecture from Turnebus, whose notion is derived from Julius Pollux, and so we move in a circle. We sadly want a Greek Apicius, and then we might resolve the knotty question. I fear we must give up the notion of cuttle-fish stewed in their own ink, though some former travellers have not spoken so favourably of this Greek dish. Apicius, De Arte Coquinaria, among his fish-sauces has three Alexandrian receipts, one of which will give some notion of the incongruous materials admissible in the Greek kitchen of later times:

"JUS ALEXANDRINUM IN PISCE ASSO.

"Piper, cepam siccam, ligusticum, cuminum, origanum, apii semen, pruna damascena enucleata; passum, liquamen, defrutum, oleum, et coques."

* Manso's word is Tunke..

have served the purpose. Those who are desirous of knowing more about the Table-Supellectile of the ancients, may consult Casaubon's Notes on Athenæus, iv. 13. p. 241.; "Barufaldo de Armis convivialibus," in Sallengre's Thesaurus, iii. 741.; or Boettiger's Dissertation above referred to. How little ground the passage in Plutarch, De Sanitate Tuenda, afforded for the composition, will appear from the passage, which I subjoin, having found some difficulty in referring to it :

Οἱ Λάκωνες όξος καὶ ἄλας δόντες τῳ καγείρῳ, τὰ λοιπὰ κελευούσιν ἐν τῷ ἱερεῖῳζητειν. This only expresses the simplicity of Spartan cookery in general.

To revert to the original question propounded, however, I think we must come to the conclusion that coffee formed no part of the μέλας ζωμός.

A HINT TO INTENDING EDITORS.

S. W. S.

Allow me to suggest, as an addition to the sphere of usefulness of the "NOTES AND QUERIES," that persons preparing new editions of old writers should give an early intimation of the work on which they are engaged to the public, through your paper. Very many miscellaneous readers are in the habit of making notes in the margins of their books, without any intention of using them themselves for publication, and would be glad to give the benefit of them to anybody to whom they would be welcome; but as matters are now arranged, one has no opportunity of hearing of an intended new edition until it is advertised as being in the press, when it is probably too late to send notes or suggestions; and one is also deterred from communicating with the editor from doubts

« AnteriorContinuar »