be

kept and published.

Each house shall keep a journal of its proceed- Journals to ings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may in their judgment

require secrecy, and the yeas and nays of the Yeas and nays. members of either house on any question shall,

at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

Neither house, during the session of Congress, Adjournments. shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn

for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting.

SECTION VI.

The Senators and Representatives shall re- Compensation. ceive a compensation for their services, to be ascertained by law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all cases except treason, felony and breach of the peace, Privileges. be privileged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any speech or debate in either house, they shall not be questioned in any other place.

pointed to office.

No Senator or Representative shall, during Members not ap the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased during such time; and no person holding any office under the United States, shall be a officers of govern member of either house during his continuance members in office.

ment cannot be

Revenue bills.

Bills to be pre-
Rented to
President.

the

SECTION VII.

All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments as on other bills.

Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a law, be presented to the President His powers over of the United States; if he approve he shall

them.

Proceedings his veto.

sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his objections to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at on large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider

it. If after such reconsideration two-thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two-thirds of that house, it shall become a law. But in all cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays, and the names of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the journal of each house respectively. If Bills to be laws if any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return, in which case it shall not be a law.

not

returned in

ten days.

Joint orders

or

resolutions to be

President.

Every order, resolution, or vote to which the approved by the concurrence of the Senate and House of Repre sentatives may be necessary (except on a ques tion of adjournment) shall be presented to the

President of the United States; and before the same shall take effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill.

SECTION VIII.

gress to lay taxes

The Congress shall have power to lay and Power of Cou collect taxes, duties, imposts and excises, to pay -pay debts. the debts and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but General welfare. all duties, imposts and excises shall be uniform Duties uniform. throughout the United States;

To borrow money on the credit of the United Borrow money. States;

To regulate commerce with foreign nations, Commerce. and among the several States, and with the In

dian tribes;

To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, Naturalization. and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies Bankruptcy. throughout the United States;

To coin money, regulate the value thereof, Coin money. and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of Weights and meaweights and measures;

sures.

To provide for the punishment of counter- Counterfeiting. feiting the securities and current coin of the

United States;

To establish post offices and post roads;

Post roads.

science.

To promote the progress of science and use- Promote arts and ful arts, by securing for limited times to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries;

Inferior courts.

Phacies, &c.

Declare war and make captures.

Raise armies.

Navy.

Rules and articles of war.

Call out militia.

Organize and gov. ern militia.

To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;

To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations;

To declare war, grant letters of marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water;

To raise and support armies, but no appropriation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years;

To provide and maintain a navy;

To make rules for the government and regulation of the land and naval forces;

To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States reOfficers of militia. spectively, the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

Exclusive legislation over seat of government.

To exercise exclusive legislation in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of the government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of the legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the And over forts, erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dockdocks, yards, and other needful buildings;—and

arsenals,

&c.

laws to carry pow

ers into effect.

To make all laws which shall be necessary To make general and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

SECTION IX.

of

slaves allowed till

The migration or importation of such persons Importation as any of the States now existing shall think 1808. proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person.

The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus Habeas corpus. shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of

rebellion or invasion the public safety may re

quire it.

post facto laws.

No bill of attainder or ex post facto law shall Attainder and ex be passed.

No capitation, or other direct tax shall be laid, Direct taxes. unless in proportion to the census or enumera

tion hereinbefore directed to be taken.

duty.

No tax or duty shall be laid on articles ex- No exportation ported from any State.

between the States.

No preference shall be given by any regula- Commerce tion of commerce or revenue to the ports of one State over those of another nor shall vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.

from the treasury.

No money shall be drawn from the treasury, Money, how drawn but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the