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An Armenian Catholic physician, Dr. Pietraki, expressed his desire to be useful to the British and Foreign Bible Society. There are here a great many old English Prayer books, left by the English factory, which existed here thirty-six years ago.

I had repeated interesting conversations with Greeks and Armenian Catholics, about the truth of the religion of Jesus Christ; and respecting the literal interpretation of unaccomplished prophecy, and the future Christo-archy at Jerusalem. They were all convinced, after I had read to them the 20th chapter of Revelations. The Armenian Catholic Archbishop I found to be a liberal and kind hearted man. I cannot bear to hear people canting about the illiberality of Catholics: that there exists illiberality among them is certain; but, this is not confined to Roman Catholics. I found a similar spirit of illiberality not only among Protestants, but likewise, to a high degree, among the Neologists in Germany. Johann Heinrich Voss, the Neologer at Heidelberg, behaved with greater illiberality, intolerance, and ingratitude towards Count Stolberg, than a Roman Catholic in the 16th century would ever have done towards a Protestant.

May 4.-I dined with the Armenian Catholic Archbishop, (to whom I had been recommended by Sir Robert Gordon) and with the Primates of the Armenian Catholics. It is to be observed, that the Armenian Catholics, and Orientals in general, subject to the Pope, are frequently very liberal when not watched by Italian Priests.

JEWS OF ANGOROO.

May 5.-When the Jews were driven out of Spain, they went to all parts of Asia Minor, and the coasts of Africa. They were kindly received by the Turks, and treated as "Musaffir," i. e. Travellers. The Jews of Angoroo are the descendants of those Sefardim* that were driven out of Spain. They have lived there for these 300 years. I left them a Bible, and expounded to them the Scriptures in the synagogues. They are not in possession of the Talmudical books.

VISIT TO THE CADI AND GOVERNOR OF ANGOROO.

Both the Cadi and Governor desired to see me. I went and explained to them the object of my mission. The Cadi observed, that people ought to live quietly at home, and not concern themselves about the religion of others. I replied, that neither Mohammed or his followers could have been of that opinion, for they were anxious that others should embrace their sentiments. He informed me that the name of Angoroo was formerly Amoorea. I had a discussion with the Director of the Police, about the authenticity of the Scriptures.

ARMENIAN, CATHOLIC, AND GREEK LADIES OF ANGOROO.

The Armenian, Catholic and Greek ladies are not, like the

* All Jews who are descendants of the Spanish Jews, are called Sefardim.

termine totale delle presenti angustie. Per quello che riguarda li regime ecclesiastico per la già seguita consacrazione del nuovo Arcivescovo Metropolitano Primate di Costantinopoli, sono in essa trasferite tutte le facoltà e giurisdizioni, che avea Monsignor Coressi, relativamente agli Armeni Cattolici che sono nella estensione delle provincie Ottomane, e che da lui dipendevano. Monsignor Nurigiano però ha scritto allo stesso Monsignor Coressi, pregandolo a continuare come prima fino al suo arrivo in Costantinopoli. Esso ha per lei grande stima ed amicizia, e desidera poterla aver seco. Tanto esso che la sua congregazione non cessa di averla in vista, per provveder nella miglior maniera possibile al di lei decoro, ed intanto resto pregando il Signore, che lungamente la conservi, e la prosperi.

Roma della Propaganda

29. Luglio 1831. di V. S. come fratello affmo.
(Signed) CASTRACANO,

Monsignor GIORGIO PAPAS,

Segretorio.

Vescovo di Titopoli, Smirne, Ancira.

May 7.-I left Angoroo and stopped at a pleasant Turkish village, called Hassan Oglu.

May 8.-I arrived at Galatshik, anciently the capital of Galatia; it is situated near a river called Ghizl Armak, inhabited by 2000 Turks and 500 Armenians; the latter have one church and one Priest.

May 9.-I crossed the Ghizl Armak, flowing between two mountains. The country around is fertile and romantic. The Curds feed their flocks in the fields, and live in tents. The villages are inhabited by Turkomans.* In the evening we arrived at the village called Kojoo, where the Turkomans seemed to be very much interested in my pursuits and intended journey to Bokhara; which place they knew well through information received from Dervishes.

May 10.-I arrived in the small town called Sangorloo, 54 miles from Galatshik. Here are 2000 Turks, 300 Armenians, and 70 Greeks. I met here with Armenians from Erivan, which place was lately taken by the Russians. "We travel now with Russian passports," said they with great delight.

May 11.-I arrived at Alatsha, 24 miles from Sangorloo, inhabited by 300 Turks and 30 Armenians, who are very ignorant.

May 12.-I rode 39 miles and arrived at Karasheesh. My mind was greatly refreshed and supported with thoughts of my Saviour. Wretch is the missionary, who does not feel every day and every hour, the necessity of imploring the support of his Saviour and Redeemer, the Lord Jesus Christ: he may for a while carry on his work among Jews and Gentiles, with apparent holy zeal, but if

These must have come from Turkeestaun: their physiognomy betrays their origin.

not invigorated and upheld by continual supplies of divine grace, he must certainly fall.

May 13.-I arrived at Seela, inhabited by 6000 Turks and 1000 Armenians. I lodged in the house of a kind hearted Armenian. Seela is 36 miles from Tokat.

ARRIVAL AT TOKAT.

May 14.-I arrived at Tokat, formerly called Eudoxoplis, 204 miles from Angoroo. There are at Tokat 4500 Armenians and 150 Jews. I lived first with the Armenian Catholic Bogos Bambugtshi, the most respectable of the native Christians there. As yet they have not built a church for themselves; but they were very anxious to do so; which made the rest of the Armenians very jealous. They had a priest from the convent Kereim, in Mount Lebanon, who spoke Italian. The Armenians have two convents and seven churches. Within the convent called Yoakim Anna, St. John Chrysostom slept in a well, when persecuted. The Jews have a synagogue and two colleges. The name of the principal Rabbi is Yishak Arab. I was at this time too unwell to go amongst the people, but Rabbi Leon Shmerel brought some Jews to me; he was from Safet, and knew me well, as also the Rev. Messrs. Nicolayson, and Lewis. (empty and void) thus: the earth was in (Tohu) i. e. Chaos; › Jehovah, in, it was: "Jehovah was in it." He continued, that the world was in God, as a chicken in an egg.

תהו ובהו He translated the words

May 15.-As I had a letter for the Armenian Aglakan, I left the house of Bambugtshi, and went to live with Aglakan; by which I offended Bambugtshi. It was imprudent in me; for Aglakan was an intolerant Armenian, who endeavoured to persuade me, that the Catholic Armenians worship the god of the Druses.

May 17.-I left Tokat with a worthy man, a Tatar, named Baba Kujuk Aref, Tatar of the Sublime Porte. I mention his name, for he is deserving of the notice of other travellers. I arrived at Niksar, the ancient Neo Cesarea. We crossed the Ghizl Armak in a boat. There are the ruins of a beautiful bridge, said to be built by the Genoese. I asked my Tatar, why the Turkish government did not rebuild it? he replied, "It is not the custom of the Sultan to do such things: he ruins, but never builds." Niksar was formerly the seat of the Greek Bishop; it contains at this time 200 Greeks and 1500 Armenians.

May 19.-We arrived near a ruinous place, called Kol-Hizar, formerly a Bishoprick, where Johannes Kolasios fed his flock with the Gospel. No Christian resides here now.

May 20.-Arrived at Shebin Kara-Hizar, the Nicopolis of Armenia. It is inhabited by 4000 Armenians and 200 Greeks. 1 was very hospitably received by Yoannikios Nikopoleos, the Greek Bishop. I was very weak when I arrived, having performed a journey of twelve hours in the rain; the road was so bad, that I was frequently obliged to go on foot. As this journal is written chiefly for the edification of the Church, I trust to be excused in

occasionally pouring out my soul and telling them, that during my missionary wanderings I frequently, very frequently, felt the need of being supported by an increase of divine grace, in order that I might not fall into vain glory and self conceit, whilst the flight of the spirit carried me from Malta to the Oxus.

The Archbishop's jurisdiction extends over 18 places; their names are as follows:

1 Shebin Kara-Hizar. 7 Palzana.

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10 Katokhori.
11 Lizeze.
12 Koyenek.

13 Awatshik.

14 Keilik.

15 Katshikoy.
16 Eskona.
17 Sopaki.

18 Koskoy.

6 Kalatshik. This list may perhaps be useful to missionaries and travellers. The diocese contains 2260 Greeks, who speak a strange jargon of modern Greek mixed with a rude dialect of Turkish. The Armenian Bishop of Shebin Kara-Hizar has nine villages with a population of 4800 Armenians.

SAWAS

Is 72 miles from Shebin Kara-Hizar; and is the ancient city Sebaste.

NAMES OF THE GREEK ARCHBISHOPRICS AND BISHOPRICS THROUGHOUT

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INFORMATION RESPECTING THE ARMENIANS.

May 22.-The Armenian Bishop of Shebin Kara-Hizar, Hakobus

by name, called on me. He was born at Sawas, the ancient Sebaste, which is inhabited by 5000 Armenians; it has a Bishop, two churches, twenty Priests, and a monastery, Surp Neshaa. He informs me that at Marsawan, are 2500 Armenians, an Archbishop, and a church, besides the great monastery Astwazazin.

May 23.-The Greeks of the Diocess came from their respective villages, and brought their Bishop various presents, which they delivered into his hands: first bowing to the ground, then kissing his hand, and then bowing again. He gave each of them in return a small cup of brandy, after drinking which, they exclaimed “XgioTòs àvéorn!” i. e. Christ is risen. They then brought an accusation against one of the parishioners. The Bishop immediately wrote an Anathema against him, which he ordered to be read in the church.

I met to-day many Greeks with Testaments in the Greek language, which had written in them the name of Benjamin Barker of the Bible Society; which proves, that the account given by the enemies of missionary exertions, respecting the distribution of the Bible; alleging, that all the Bibles which are distributed, are either burnt or remain unread, is false. The Archbishop desired me to send him 50 Greco-Turkish Testaments.

PRIMATE OF GOROON.

The Primate of the Armenians of Goroon called on me: he informs me, that at Goroon is a church, a Priest, and 5000 Armenians, who acknowledge the authority of the Cathokhikos (Catholicos, General Patriarch) of Sis, whose name is Ephrem, like that of Ech Miazin. But the Cathokhikos of Sis has been obliged to leave that place, go to Tarsus; for Kujuk Gozan Oglu, a chief of the Curds, who in his mountains defies the Sultan's authority, gave him a great deal of trouble; the Patriarch Ephrem therefore left Sis.

and

May 24.-Having rubbed my body well with laudanum, the dysentery with which I had been troubled, ceased; and I set out for Trebison, with a worthless country Tatar, who was always drunk. We slept this evening in a Greek village; the poor people were afraid at first, that we came to tax them by order of Government. As my Tatar was of an indifferent character, I got a Greek to accompany me, to whom I gave 200 piastres. I would advise every traveller, always to take a Tatar from Constantinople, and on no account a country Tatar. The name of the village is Trobtshe. I spoke to them in Turkish, about the unsearchable riches of Christ; for though I do not speak Turkish perfectly, I am able to speak about Christ with every sort of people, and to tell them that Christ died for our sins!

May 25.-I arrived at Kara Tatar, belonging to the hospitable Turk Hamed Zadeh Omar Aga, who was very kind.

May 26.-I arrived at Oolu Sheiran. The ruins of many churches show that it was formerly inhabited by many Christians. It is now inhabited by one Armenian family and two Greek.

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