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PRECEPTS OF ANCIENT GREECE.
FROM THE GREEK OF HESIOD.

Forget the past, nor more false judgments
give;

Turn from your ways betimes-oh, turn and live.

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Who, full of wiles, his neighbor's harm con-
trives,

False to himself, against himself he strives;
For he that harbors evil in his mind
Will from his evil thoughts but evil find;
And, lo! the eye of Jove, that all things
knows,

ESIOD is generally believed to have lived about the eighth century before Christ, and to have been nearly contemporaneous with Homer. Some, however, assign a different period to both; but the weight of evidence preponderates in favor of the period mentioned above. He was born at Ascra, in Bootia, Greece, but left his native place in disgust, on account of loss of patrimony through a connivance of his brother with unjust judges. He was the founder of the Boeotian, or Pie- Open the guilty bosom all within, rian, school of poets, who stand in contrast to And trace the infant thoughts of future sin. the Ionic, or Homeric, school, being considered in advance of those in civilization and morality.

SELECTIONS FROM WORKS AND DAYS.
FROM BOOK I.

Justice, unspotted maid, derived from Jove,
Renowned, and reverenced by the gods above,
When mortals violate her sacred laws,

Can, when he will, the heart of man disclose;

Oh, when I hear the upright man complain,
And by his injuries the judge arraign,
"If to be wicked is to find success,"

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When judges hear the bribe, and not the Trust to the will of Jove, and wait the end,

cause,

Close by her parent god behold her stand,

And urge the punishment their sins demand.

And good shall always your good acts attend.

These doctrines, Perses, treasure in thy heart, Look in your breasts, and there survey your And never from the paths of justice part;

crimes!

Think, O ye judges, and reform betimes,

Never by brutal violence be sway'd,
But be the will of Jove in these obeyed.

In these the brute creation men exceed :
They, void of reason, by each other bleed,
While man by justice should be kept in

awe

Justice, of nature well ordained the law.
Who right espouses through a righteous love
Shall meet the bounty of the hands of Jove;
But he that will not be by laws confined,
Whom not the sacrament of oaths can bind,
Who, with a willing soul, can justice leave,
A wound immortal shall that man receive;
His house's honor daily shall decline :
Fair flourish shall the just from line to line.

Oh, Perses, foolish Perses, bow thine ear
To the good counsels of a soul sincere :
To wickedness the road is quickly found;
Short is the way, and on an easy ground.
The paths of virtue must be reached by toil
Arduous and long, and on a rugged soil;
Thorny the gate, but when the top you
gain

Fair is the future, and the prospect plain.
Far does the man all other men excel
Who from his wisdom thinks in all things
well,

Wisely considering, to himself a friend,

All for the present best, and for the end. Nor is the man without his share of praise Who well the dictates of the wise obeys; But he that is not wise himself, nor can Hearken to wisdom, is a useless man.

Ever observe, Perses, of birth divine,
My precepts, and the profit shall be thine;
Then Famine always shall avoid thy door,
And Ceres, fair-wreathed goddess, bless thy

store.

The slothful wretch who lives from labor free, Like drones, the robbers of the painful bee,

Has always men and gods alike his foes;
Him Famine follows with her train of woes.
With cheerful zeal your mod'rate toils pursue,
That your full barns you may in season view.
The man industrious stranger is to need;
A thousand flocks his fertile pastures feed;
As with the drone, with him it will not prove:
Him men and gods behold with eyes of
love.

To care and labor think it no disgrace,
False pride! the portion of the sluggard race:
The slothful man who never worked before

Shall gaze with envy on thy growing store:
Like thee to flourish he will spare no pains;
For, lo! the rich virtue and glory gains.

Strictly observe the wholesome rules I give. And, blessed in all, thou like a god shalt live. Ne'er to thy neighbor's goods extend thy

cares,

Nor be neglectful of thine own affairs.
Let no degen'rate shame debase thy mind—
Shame that is never to the needy kind;
The man that has it will continue poor:
He must be bold that would enlarge his

store.

But ravish not, depending on thy might,
Injurious to thyself, another's right.
Who or by open force, or secret stealth,
Or perjured wiles, amasses heaps of wealth-
Such many are, whom thirst of gain be-

trays

The gods, all-seeing, shall o'ercloud his days; His wife, his children and his friends shall die,

And like a dream his ill-got riches fly;
Nor less, or to insult the suppliant's cries,
The guilt, or break through hospitable ties,
Or who, regardless of his tender trust,
To the poor helpless orphan proves unjust,

Or when the father's fatal day appears,

Who ravishes another's right shall find,

His body bending through the weight of Though small the prey, a deadly sting behind

years,

A son who views him with unduteous eyes,
And words of comfort to his
age denies,
Great Jove vindictive sees the impious train,
And equal to their crimes inflicts a pain.

No friend forget, nor entertain thy foe, Nor let thy neighbor uninvited go.

Content, and honestly, enjoy your lot,
And often add to that already got;
From little oft repeated much will rise,
And, of thy toil the fruits, salute thine eyes.
How sweet at home to have what life de-
mands-

The just reward of our industrious hands-
To view our neighbor's bliss without desire,

Happy the man-with peace his days are To dread not Famine, with her aspect dire!

crowned

Whose house an honest neighborhood surround;

Of foreign harms he never sleeps afraid : They, always ready, bring their willing aid; Cheerful, should he some busy pressure feel, They lend an aid beyond a kindred's zeal; They never will conspire to blast his fame; Secure he walks, unsullied his good name. Unhappy man whom neighbors ill surround! His oxen die oft by a treach'rous wound. Whate'er you borrow of your neighbor's

store,

Return the same in weight-if able, more;
So to yourself will you secure a friend:
He never after will refuse to lend.
Whatever by dishonest means you gain,
You purchase an equivalent of pain.

To all a love for love return; contend
In virtuous acts to emulate your friend.
Be to the good thy favors unconfined;
Neglect a sordid and ungrateful mind.
From all the gen'rous a respect command,
While none regard the base ungiving hand:
The man who gives from an unbounded
breast,

Be these thy thoughts, to these thy heart incline,

And, lo! these blessings shall be surely thine.

Let not a woman steal heart away your By tender looks and her apparel gay; If love she vows, 'tis madness to believe; Turn from the thief: she charms but to de

ceive;

Who does too rashly in a woman trust
Too late will find the wanton prove unjust.
Take a chaste matron, partner of your breast;
Contented live, of her alone possessed;
Then shall you number many days in peace,
And with your children see your wealth in-

crease;

Then shall a duteous careful heir survive To keep the honor of the house alive.

If large possessions are, in life, thy view, These precepts, with assiduous care, pursue.

FROM BOOK II.

'Tis sad to perish in the boist'rous tide. When for the voy'ge your vessel leaves the

shore,

Trust in her hollow sides not half your store, Though large the bounty, in himself is The less your loss should she return no

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With all your stock how dismal would it be And humbly begs you would no more comTo have the cargo perish in the sea!

plain,

A load, you know, too pond'rous for the Sink your resentments and be friends again,

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The age mature when manhood dates his
prime-

Let prudence now direct your choice: a wife
Is or a blessing or a curse in life;

Her father, mother, know, relations, friends,
For on her education much depends.
If all are good, accept the maiden bride;
Then form her manners and her actions
guide:

A life of bliss succeeds the happy choice;
Nor shall your friends lament, nor foes re-
joice.

you say,

Observe in all you do, and all
Regard to the immortal gods to pay.

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The bowl from which you the libation pour
To Heaven, profane not in the social hour:
Who things devote to vulgar use employ,
Those men some dreadful vengeance shall
destroy.

First in your friendship let your brother Never begin to build a mansion-seat

stand,

So nearly joined in blood, the strictest band;
Or should another be your heart's ally,
Let not a fault of thine dissolve the tie;
Nor e'er debase the friendship with a lie.
Should he, offensive or in deed or speech,
First in the sacred union make the breach,
To punish him may your resentments tend;
For who more guilty than a faithless friend?
But if, repentant of his breach of trust,
The self-accuser thinks your vengeance just,

Unless you're sure to make the work com

plete,

Lest, on th' unfinished roof high perched,

the crow

Croak horrid, and foretell approaching woe.

Who in a slothful way his children rears
Will see them feeble in their riper years.

These precepts keep, fond of a virtuous name,
And shun the loud reports of evil fame :

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NOW stood Eliza on the wood-crowned Hoarse barks the wolf; the vulture screams

from far:

height, O'er Minden's plains spectatress of the The angel Pity shuns the walks of war. "Oh spare, ye war-hounds, spare their tender age!

fight;

Sought with bold eye amid the bloody strife
Her dearer self, the partner of her life;
From hill to hill the rushing host pursued,
And viewed his banner, or believed she
viewed.

On me, on me," she cried, "exhaust your rage!"

Then with weak arms her weeping babes caressed,

Pleased with the distant roar, with quicker And, sighing, hid them in her blood-stained

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And love's warm eddies circle round her Quick through the murmuring gloom his footheart.

steps tread

dead,

Near and more near the intrepid beauty O'er groaning heaps, the dying and the pressed; Saw through the driving smoke his dancing Vault o'er the plain, and in the tangled wood, crest; Lo! dead Eliza, weltering in her blood! Heard the exulting shout: "They run! they Soon hears his listening son the welcome run !"

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sounds:

With open arms and sparkling eyes he bounds, "Speak low," he cries, and gives his little

hand;

"Mamma's asleep upon the dew-cold sand:

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