-caddice-garter-] Caddis was, I believe, a kind of coarse ferret. The garters of Shakspeare's time were worn in sight, and consequently were expensive. He who would submit to wear a coarser sort, was probably called by this contemptuous distinction, which I meet with again in Glapthorne's Wit in a Constable, 1639.

dost hear,

"My honest caddis-garters?"

This is an address to a servant.

STEEV.

"At this day," [1614] says Edm. Howes, the continuator of Stowe's Chronicle, men of mean rank wear garters and shoe roses of more than five pounds a-piece." Stowe's Annals, 1039. edit. 1631. See vol. iv. p. 397. MAL.

"Caddice"-This word is likewise found in the Winter's

Tale.

I there supposed, that, as in the present instance, it should be cadizes; i. e. stuff or linen made at Cadiz; and this opinion is strengthened by Henry's calling the vintner Spanish-pouch. B.

P. Henry. Rivo, says the drunkard.

Ribi,-] That is, drink. HAN.

All the former editions have rico, which certainly had no meaning, but yet was perhaps the cant of English taverns.

JOHN.

Rivo, says the drunkard.' "A river for me, quoth the

drunkard." B.

P. Henry. Didst thou never see Titan kiss a dish of butter? pitiful-hearted Titan, that melted at the sweet tale of the sun?

Didst thou never see Titan kiss a dish of butter? pitiful-hearted Titan! that melted at the sweet tale of the sun?] This perplexes Mr. Theobald; he calls it nonsense, and, indeed, having made nonsense of it, changes it to pitiful-hearted butter. But the common

reading is right: and all that wants restoring is a parenthesis, into which (pitiful-hearted Titan!) should be put. Pitiful-hearted means only amorous, which was Titan's character: the pronoun that refers to butter. But the Oxford editor goes still further, and not only takes, without ceremony, Mr. Theobald's bread and butter, but turns tale into face; not perceiving that the heat of the sun is figuratively represented as a love-tale, the poet having before called him pitiful-hearted, or amorous. WARB.

I have left this passage as I found it, desiring only that the reader, who inclines to follow Dr. Warburton's opinion, will furnish himself with some proof that pitiful-hearted was ever used to signify amorous, before he pronounces this emendation to be just. I own I am unable to do it for him; and though I ought not to decide in favor of any violent proceedings against the text, must confess that the II. Ꭰ

SHAK.

reader who looks for sense as the words stand at present, must be indebted for it to Mr. Theobald.

Shall I offer a bolder alteration? In the oldest copy, the contested part of this passage appears thus:

-at the sweet tale of the sonnes.

The author might have written pitiful-hearted Titan, who melted at the sweet tale of his son, i. e. of Phaeton, who, by a plausible story, won on the easy nature of his father so far, as to obtain from him the guidance of his own chariot for a day. The same thought, as Dr. Farmer observed to me, is found among Turbervile's Epitaphs, &c. p. 142. "It melts as butter doth against the sunne." As gross a mythological corruption, as that already noted, perhaps occurs in Pericles Prince of Tyre, 1609:

"The arm-strong offspring of the doubted knight,

"Stout Hercules, &c." 1

Thus all the copies, ancient and modern. But I should not hesitate to read-doubled night, i. e. the night lengthened to twice its usual proportion while Jupiter possessed himself of Alemena; a circumstance with which every school-boy is acquainted. STEEV.

"Titan kiss a dish of butter ?"-Is it possible to give to any reading a greater clearness than Warburton has given to that of the text? Didst thou never see Titan (pitiful-hearted Titan!) kiss a dish of butter, that [butter which] melted at [his sweet tale ?] the sweet tale of the sun?' Such is the manner in which the learned prelate would regulate the passage. Now this, as Mr. Steevens maintains, is wrong.-Mr. Theobald's pitifulhearted butter is consequently, in his opinion, right: for that the epithet must apply to one or the other (Titan or butter) is evident. Nay this ingenious gent. [Mr. S.] has roundly asserted that he who looks for sense, as the words stand at present, must be indebted for it to Mr. Theobald." But Messrs. T. and S. are critics of nearly the same size and may therefore well go together. We are further informed too by Mr. S. that pitiful-hearted will not have the meaning of amorous. Yet what other signification, we may ask, can it have here? Beside, is not pitiful synonymous with tender; and is not tender passion used for love passion-amorousness ? If we read "sweet tale of his son" [Phaeton] the allusion intended by the poet is lost the kissing of the butter is unmeaningly intro

"The arm-strong offspring of the doubted knight." It is much more probable that we ought to read

"Their arm-strong offspring, the redoubted knight,

Stout Hercules."

Who beside Mr. Steevens would talk of Hercules being the offspring of a doubled night? Nay, on this important occasion, the night was lengthened to thrice its "usual proportion;" a circumstance with which every school-boy is acquainted. B.

duced it is absurd. But I must think of Shakspeare as Mr. Steevens appears to do, before I can admit that such is even likely to be the case. B.

P. Henry. Well, here is my leg.

my leg] That is, my obeisance to my father. JOHN. -'my leg.' Johnson's explication is harsh. It is much more likely that the word islege' contracted of legiance. (Allegiance)" Well, I will shew my duty to the king." Thus we have liege lord. B.

Wor. In faith, my lord, you are too wilful-blame; too wilful-blame ;] This is a mode of speech with which I am not acquainted. Perhaps it might be read-too wilful blunt, or too wilful-bent; or thus:

Indeed, my lord, you are to blame, too wilful. JOHN. "too wilful-blame." I do not see but that too wilfulblame' is a mode of speech which may be as well admitted as too wilful-blunt or too wilful-bent. The text appears to be right, and the expression is easily understood, blame' instead of blameful. B.

K. Henry. Tell me else,

Could such inordinate, and low desires,

Such poor, such bare, such lewd, such mean attempts, Such barren pleasures, rude society,

As thou art match'd withal, and grafted to,

Accompany the greatness of thy blood,

And hold their level with thy princely heart?

such lewd, such mean attempts,] Shakspeare certainly wrote

attaints, i. e. unlawful actions. WARE.

Mean attempts, are mean, unworthy undertakings. Lewd does not in this place barely signify wanton, but licentious. STEEV.

"Such lewd, such mean attempts." 'Lewd' is not in this place either wanton or licentions; it should be written lude (buffoon) a latin sense. Warburton is wrong in proposing attaints for attempts. Mean is an epithet very ill sorted to attaints: neither has the King any serious charge to bring against the prince. It is merely of his "barren pleasures""rude society" that he speaks and complains. Attempts is no doubt the proper word, it is here used in a French sense (attentat) for outrage. Lude and mean attempts-" Buffoonery, and unprincely outrages." As to the lines of B. Johnson, -Lewd' [lude] in both instances is trifling, foolish, filled with mockeries. See Chaucer. B.

K. Henry.

carded his state;

Mingled his royalty with carping fools;

-carded his state,] The metaphor seems to be taken from mingling course wool with fine, and carding them together, whereby the value of the latter is diminished. The king means that Richard mingled and carded together his royal state with carping fools, &c. STEEV.

"Carded his state," is harsh. To card, is to mix; and if we acknowledge carded to be right, the sense will yet be defective unless we are told with what he mixed his stale. I am therefore inclined to think that Shakspeare wrote gawded his state, meaning that he was too fond of show and ostentation; and this is the character of Richard. Gawds, in old language, are toys, trifles, ornaments. B.

K. Henry. And gave his countenance, against his

name,

To laugh at gybing boys,

And gave his countenance, against his name.] Made his presence injurious to his reputation. JoHN.

"Countenance" is support. The meaning is, he gave support and protection to what could never do him credit. B.

K. Henry. He hath more worthy interest to the

state,

Than thou, the shadow of succession:

For, of no right, nor color like to right,

He doth fill fields with harness in the realm;
Turns head against the lion's armed jaws;
And, being no more in debt to years than thou,
Leads ancient lords and reverend bishops on,
To bloody battles, and to bruising arms.

He hath more worthy interest to the state,
Than thou, the shadow of succession :]

This is obscure. I believe the meaning is-Hotspur hath a right to the kingdom more worthy than thou, who hast only the shadowy right of lineal succession, while he has real and solid power. JoHN. He hath more worthy interest to the state,

Than thou, the shadow of succession:
For of no right, nor color like to right,
He doth fill fields with harness in the realm,

Leads ancient lords and reverend bishops on, &c.'

Johnson has, in my opinion, wholly mistaken the meaning. 'Shadow' is not, in this place, to be understood as an imperfect and faint representation, but the very reverse. The speaker would signify by it, belonging to, inseparable from, in which sense it is used by Milton, and other of our best writers. Beside, what real and solid power had Percy? The power was actually with Henry. What he means by He hath more worthy interest to the state' is, that Percy had brought many of the principal men into his views, and in opposition to the kingly authority. That the King does not speak of the Prince as having only a shadowy right is evident from what he says of Hotspur immediately after: For of no right, nor color like to right,' &c. The passage must be interpreted thus: " Percy, by gaining ancient lords and reverend bishops' to his interest, is more likely to succeed to the crown than thou to whom it belongs-thou the shadow of succession: than thou who art indeed the heir to it: and this, by reason of thy imprudent conduct." B. ·

Fals. An I have not forgotten what the inside of a church is made of, I am a pepper-corn, a brewer's horse the inside of a church.-Company, villainous company, hath been the spoil of me.

I am a pepper-corn-a brewer's horse, the inside of a church:] These last words were, I believe, repeated by the mistake of the compositor. Falstaff is here mentioning (as Mr. Tyrwhitt has observed) things to which he is unlike; things remarkably small and thin. How can the inside of a church come under that description? MAL. -a brewer's horse ;——] I suppose, a brewer's horse was apt to be lean with hard work. JouN.

A brewer's horse does not, perhaps, mean a dray-horse, but the cross beam on which beer-barrels are carried into cellars, &c. The allusion may be to the taper form of this machine. STEEV.

'An I have not forgotten, &c.'Falstaff means that he has no more sense of what the inside of a Church is made of, than a pepper-corn could have: but it is ill expressed. As to a Brewer's horse, it should, I think, be a Brewer's house. We may read, and point as follows, the words between brackets to complete the sense. "An I have not forgotten what the inside of a church is made of I am a pepper-corn. The inside of a church! [no,] a Brewer's house; [together with] company, villainous company has been the ruin of me.' By a Brewer's

"thou my shadow

Inseparable, must with me be long."

Par. L.