offenders." He was also notified, that "the President indulges the hope that by your energy, impartiality, and discretion, the tranquillity of the Territory will be restored, and the persons and property of our citizens therein protected." These instructions he meant to follow literally. After setting out from Washington, the following strange additional instructions were forwarded to him :— 66 'Department OF STATE, WASHINGTON, "SIR,-Reliable information having reached the President that armed and organized bodies of men, avowedly in rebellion against the Territorial government, have concentrated in such numbers as to require additional military forces for their dispersion, you will have the militia of the Territory completely enrolled and organized, to the end that they may, on short notice, be brought into the service of the United States. Upon requisition of the commander of the Military Department in which Kansas is embraced, you will furnish by companies, or regiments, or brigades, or divisions, such number and composition of troops as from time to time you may find in his report to you to be necessary for the suppression of all combinations to resist the laws of the United States, too powerful to be suppressed by the civil authority, and for the maintenance of public order and civil government. "I am, sir, your obedient servant, "W. L. MARCY. "His Excellency JOHN W. GEARY, Governor of the Territory of Kansas, Lecompton." These instructions evidently refer to bodies of men entering from the North, and entirely omitted those coming over from Missouri. On the day of his arrival at Lecompton, Governor Geary issued a spirited, manly, fearless, and fair inaugural or introductory address to the people of the Territory. On the same day he issued two proclamations; one disbanding the militia lately called out by Mr. Woodson, as the employment of militia was not authorized by his instructions, and as a reg ular force for keeping the peace had been placed at his disposal; and the other for the regular organization of the militia of the Territory. On the same day he sent out orders for disarming the "militia." This had scarcely been done when he received this dispatch from the Missouri border :"HEAD-QUARTERS, MISSION CAMP, September 12, 1856. "SIR,-Yesterday I had the honor to report to you my command of Kansas militia, then about eight hundred strong, which was despatched via Leavenworth. In case it may not have reached you, I now report one thousand men as Territorial militia, called into the field by proclamation of Acting Governor Woodson, and subject to your orders. "I have the honor to be, respectfully, your obedient servant, WILLIAM A. HEISKELL, "Brigadier-General, commanding 1st Brigade, Southern Division, Kansas Militia. "To his Excellency J. W. GEARY, Governor of Kansas Territory. "By order: H. MACLEAN, Adjutant." CHAPTER XIX. "BLEEDING KANSAS"-THE SUPREME COURT-GOVERNOR GEARY AND THE LEGISLATURE-SUMNER AND BROOKS—“ BORDER RUFFIANISM ” IN CONGRESS. OODSON was immediately sent to dismiss these men, a feat he was not able to perform. He had easily raised the storm, but to quell it was a different thing. The Governor had sent a secret agent to Lawrence, who kept him informed of the true state of things, and who now urged the necessity of his presence on the border. On the evening of the 14th, with three hundred United States soldiers and a battery of artillery under Colonel P. St. George Cooke, from Fort Riley, the Governor reached Lawrence, where he found three hundred persons in arms, some of whom were women and children, determined to defend themselves to the last. The next morning the Governor entered the camp on the Wakarusa, amidst threats of assassination, which he did not heed, and where he found David R. Atchison, John W. Whitfield, the Delegate to Congress, John W. Reid, member of the Missouri Legislature, Heiskell, Richardson, George W. Clarke, one of the Government Indian agents and the murderer of Barber, and other such men at the head of the "Border-Ruffian" or "Law-and-Order" army. Geary made an admirable speech to the officers, and conducted himself throughout in a wise and dignified manner, and, although there were many growls and threats, his demands were finally complied with. A hundred or more of Lane's men, who had been committing some outrages, were captured about this time by Colonel Cooke, and these were all indicted and held for some time as criminals; they, of course, constituting no part of Woodson's militia. The Governor now made the following report to the President: "EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, LECOMPTON, K. T., 66 "SIR,-My last dispatch was dated the 12th instant, in which I gave you a statement of my operations to that date. Since then I have had business of the deepest importance to occupy every moment of my attention, and to require the most constant watchfulness and untiring energy. Indeed, so absolutely occupied is all my time that I scarcely have a minute to devote to the duty of keeping you apprised of the true condition of this Territory. I have this instant returned from an expedition to Lawrence and the vicinity, and am preparing to depart almost immediately for other sections of the Territory, where my presence is demanded. "After having issued my address and proclamations in this city, copies of which have been forwarded to you, I sent them with a special messenger to Lawrence, twelve miles to the eastward, where they were made known to the citizens on the 12th instant. The people of that place were alarmed with a report that a large body of armed men, called out by the proclamation of the late acting Governor Woodson, were threatening them with an attack, and they were making the necessary arrangements for resistance. So well authenticated seemed their information, that my agent forwarded an express by a United States trooper, announcing the fact, and calling upon me to use my power to prevent the impending calamity. This express reached me at half past one o'clock on the morning of the 13th instant. I immediately made a requisition upon Colonel Cooke, commander of the United States forces stationed at this place, for as many troops as could be made available, and in about an hour was on my way towards Lawrence with three hundred mounted men, including a battery of light artillery. "On arriving at Lawrence, we found the danger had been exaggerated, and that there was no immediate danger for the intervention of the military. The moral effect of our presence, however, was of great avail. The citizens were satisfied that the Government was disposed to render them all needed protection, and I received from them the assurance that they would conduct themselves as law-abiding and peace-loving men. They voluntarily offered to lay down their arms, and enroll themselves as Territorial militia, in accordance with the terms of my proclamation. I returned the same day with the troops, well satisfied with the result of my mission. "During Saturday, the 13th instant, I remained at my office, which was constantly thronged with men uttering complaints concerning outrages that had been and were being committed upon their persons and property. These complaints came in from every direction, and were made by the advocates of all the conflicting political sentiments with which the Territory has been agitated; and they exhibited clearly a moral condition of affairs too lamentable for any language adequately to describe. "The whole country was evidently infested with armed bands of marauders, who set all law at defiance, and traveled from place to place, assailing villages, sacking and burning houses, destroying crops, maltreating women and children, driving off and stealing cattle and horses, and murdering harmless men in their own dwellings and on the public highways. Many of these grievances needed immediate redress; but unfortunately the law was a dead letter, no magistrate or judge being at hand to take an affidavit or issue a process, and no marshal or sheriff to be found, even had the judges been present to prepare them to execute the same. "The next day (Sunday) matters grew worse and worse. The most positive evidence reached me that a large body of |