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ON

POLARIZED LIGHT,

DELIVERED BEFORE

THE PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF

GREAT BRITAIN;

AND IN THE

MEDICAL SCHOOL OF THE LONDON HOSPITAL.

Illustrated by above Fifty UWoodcuts.

LONDON:

LONGMAN, Brown, GREEN, AND LONGMANS.

1843.

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то

CHARLES WOODWARD, ESQ., F.R.S.,

PRESIDENT OF THE ISLINGTON LITERARY & SCIENTIFIC SOCIETY,

THIS WORK,

ON A SUBJECT WITH WHICH HE IS INTIMATELY ACQUAINTED,

IS INSCRIBED,

AS A TESTIMONY OF RESPECT AND ESTEEM,

BY HIS SINCERE FRIEND,

THE AUTHOR.

PREFACE.

THE following Lectures were delivered in the spring of 1843, before the Members of the PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY OF GREAT BRITAIN, and are now in course of publication in the Pharmaceutical Journal. The substance of them has formed, for some years past, a portion of the Annual Course on Chemistry, delivered in the MEDICAL SCHOOL of the London Hospital.

To the undermentioned eminent philosophers the author has been principally indebted for the information contained in the following pages:

Sir Isaac Newton.-Opticks; or, a Treatise of the Reflections, Refractions, Inflections, and Colours of Light.

Dr. Thomas Young.-A Course of Lectures on Natural Philosophy and the Mechanical Arts.

Sir D. Brewster.-Various papers in the Transactions of the Royal Societies of London and Edinburgh. Also two numbers on the Double Refraction and Polarization of Light, published under the superintendence of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Likewise, a Treatise on Optics, in Lardner's Cyclopædia, and the article "Optics" in the Encyclopædia Britannica, 7th edition.

Fresnel.-Elementary View of the Undulatory Theory of Light, in the Quarterly Journal of Science for 1827, 1828, 1829, translated and annotated by Dr. Thomas Young. Also various papers in the Annales de Chimie et de Physique. Likewise, Extrait du Bulletin de la Société Philomatique, Décembre, 1822, and Fevrier, 1823.

Sir J. Herschel. - Article "Light," in the Encyclopædia Metropolitana. Also, Transactions of the Cambridge Philosophical Society, and Philosophical Transactions.

Biot. Various papers in the Mémoires de l'Academie Royale des Sciences, and in the Annales de Chimie et de Physique.

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