tion of the State normal school, but its effect may be suspended in any county, township, city, or district, and the holder thereof may be stricken from the list of qualified teachers in such county, township, city, or district, by the legal examining officer or officers of the said county, township, city, or district, for any cause and in the same manner that such examining officer or officers may be by law Duration of authorized to revoke certificates given by himself or themselves, and such suspension shall continue in force until revoked by the authority suspending it.1

CHAPTER XVII.

Act No. 231, Laws of 1879.

suspension.

grant certificates

STATE CERTIFICATES TO TEACHERS AND EXAMINATION QUESTIONS. (8165.) SECTION 1. The People of the State of Michigan enact, State board of That the State board of education shall hold stated meetings at education may which they shall examine and may grant State certificates of quali- to teachers. fication to such teachers as may upon a thorough and critical examination be found to possess eminent scholarship and professional ability, and shall furnish satisfactory evidence of good moral character. Said certificate shall be signed by the president and the Such certificates secretary of the board and impressed with the seal thereof; and to entitle holder shall entitle the holder to teach in any of the schools of the State without further without further examination, and shall be valid for the term of ten ten years. years unless revoked by said board. Each applicant for examina- Examination fee. tion shall, on making application, pay to the secretary of the board five dollars as an examination fee.

to teach in State

examination for

prepared and

(8166.) SEC. 2. Said board shall prepare questions suitable for Examination the examination of teachers for the various grades of certificates questions to be provided by law to be given to teachers of the State, and the super- furnished exam. intendent of public instruction shall furnish these questions to officers authorized by law to examine teachers.

ining officers.

members of State

(8167.) SEC. 3. The members of said board shall be entitled to Compensation to receive for their services while actually engaged in the duties of board of educa their office, as provided in sections one and two of this act, three tion. dollars per day and necessary traveling expenses while so engaged, which amount shall be certified by the board to the board of State auditors, who shall draw a warrant therefor upon the State treasurer, who shall pay the same out of the general fund, which sum How paid. shall be reimbursed to the general fund by the secretary of the board paying into it that amount out of the money received by him as fees for certificates, and if there is any residue of money Residue of received as such fees, it shall be expended by the superintendent from examinaof public instruction, in the purchase of suitable books for an tion fees, how office library.

1 As amended by Act No. 2, Laws of 1871; and Act No. 62, Laws of 1881.

money arising

used.

Fifteen or more

teachers may

CHAPTER XVIII.

Act No. 117, Laws of 1855.

TEACHERS' ASSOCIATIONS.

(§168.) SECTION 1. The People of the State of Michigan enact, form corporation. Any fifteen or more teachers, or other persons residing in this State, who shall associate for the purpose of promoting education and science, and improvements in the theory and practice of teaching, may form themselves into a corporation, under such name as they may choose, providing they shall have published, in some newspaper printed at Lansing, or in the county in which such association is to be located, for at least one month previous, a notice of the time, place, and purpose of the meeting for such association, and shall file in the office of the secretary of State a copy of the constitution and by-laws of said association.

Notice to be published.

Constitution, where filed.

May hold property.

Restrictions upon its use.

Privileges and

liabilities of corporations.

($169.) SEC. 2. Such association may hold and possess real and personal property to the amount of five thousand dollars; but the funds or property thereof shall not be used for any other purpose than the legitimate business of the association in securing the objects of its corporation.

($170.) SEC. 3. Upon becoming a corporation, as herein before provided, they shall have all the powers and privileges, and be subject to all the duties of a corporation, according to the provisions of chapter fifty-five of the Revised Statutes of this State [Chap. 130, Compiled Laws of 1871], so far as such provisions shall be applicable in such case, and not inconsistent with the provisions of this act.

"Public moneys" defined.

Public moneys

CHAPTER XIX.

Act No. 131, Laws of 1875.

SAFE KEEPING OF PUBLIC MONEYS.

(8171). SECTION 1. The People of the State of Michigan enact, That all moneys which shall come into the hands of any officer of the State, or of any officer of any county, or of any township, school district, highway district, city, or village, or of any other municipal or public corporation within this State, pursuant to any provision of law authorizing such officer to receive the same, shall be denominated public moneys within the meaning of this act.

(§172.) SEC. 2. It shall be the duty of every officer charged with to be kept sepa- the receiving, keeping, or disbursing of public moneys to keep the

rate from all

other funds.

How used.

same separate and apart from his own money, and he shall not commingle the same with his own money, nor with the money of any other person, firm, or corporation.

(§173.) SEC. 3. No such officer shall, under any pretext, use nor allow to be used, any such moneys for any purpose other than in accordance with the provisions of law; nor shall he use the same for his own private use, nor loan the same to any person, firm, or corporation without legal authority so to do.

lic moneys to

(§174.) SEC. 4. In all cases where public moneys are authorized Interest on pubto be deposited in any bank, or to be loaned to any individual, firm, constitute a or corporation, for interest, the interest accruing upon such public general fund. moneys shall belong to and constitute a general fund of the State, county, or other public or municipal corporation, as the case may be.

receive consid

(§175.) SEC. 5. In no case shall any such officer, directly or in- Officers not to directly, receive any pecuniary or valuable consideration as an in- eration for deducement for the deposit of any public moneys with any particular posit of money with particular bank, person, firm or corporation. bank, etc. ($176.) SEC. 6. The provisions of this act shall apply to all depu- Provisions of ties of such officer or officers, and to all clerks, agents, and servants this act to apply of such officer or officers.

to deputies, etc.

Penalty for vio

lating provisions

(§177.) SEC. 7. Any person guilty of a violation of any of the provisions of this act shall, on conviction thereof, be punished. by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisonment in the county jail not exceeding six months, or both such fine and imprisonment in the discretion of the court: Provided, That nothing in Proviso. this act contained shall prevent a prosecution under the general statute for embezzlement in cases where the facts warrant a prosecution under such general statute.

payment

(§178.) SEC. 8. Any officer who shall willfully or corruptly draw Penalty for or issue any warrant, order, or certificate for the payment of money illegal pay in excess of the amount authorized by law, or for a purpose not authorized by law, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and may be punished as provided in the preceding section.

NOTE.

APPORTIONMENT OF SURPLUS DOG-TAX TO SCHOOL DISTRICTS.

Under the provisions of act number 198 of the session laws of 1877, as amended by act number 283 of the session laws of 1881, it is required that in all the townships and cities of the State there shall annually be levied and collected a tax of one dollar upon every male dog and of three dollars upon every female dog. The money thus obtained is to constitute a fund in the several townships and cities for the payment of damages sustained by owners of sheep by reason of having such sheep killed or wounded by dogs. Section six of the law referred to provides that "if money remains of such fund after satisfactory payment of all claims aforesaid in any one year over and above the sum of one hundred dollars, it shall be apportioned among the several school districts of such township or city in proportion to the number of children therein of school age." The apportionment must be based upon the whole number of children of school age residing in the township, and include all dis

tricts whether lying wholly or partly in such township. In case of a fractional district in which the school-house is situated in a different township, the money belonging to such district must be paid over to the treasurer of the township in which the school-house is situated, and by that treasurer paid to the district, in the same way as in the case of the one-mill and other taxes.

APPENDIX A.

DIGEST OF DECISIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT.

I.

TOWNSHIP BOARD OF SCHOOL INSPECTORS.

1. The statutory notice of meetings by inspectors must be given, stating the object of the meeting. And no business at a meeting inconsistent with the notice is lawful. Passage v. School Inspectors of Williamstown, 19 Mich., 330. (See T61, following.)

2. The township board of school inspectors have no power to dissolve a school district erected by special act of the legislature, and to set back the territory into the districts from which it was taken. School District v. Dean, 17 Mich., 223.

3. On the erection and organization of a new township, the inspectors of such township may sever its territory from the school district within which it was formerly embraced, and there is no general provision of law which charges the property within the new township with the obligation to pay any debts created for school purposes, which existed at the time of the erection of the new township. School District No. 1 of Portage v. Ryan, 19 Mich., 203. (See ¶82, following.)

II.

APPEALS FROM ACTION OF SCHOOL INSPECTORS.

4. Under the statute providing for appeals from the board of school inspectors to the township board, the approval of the appeal bond is essential to complete an appeal; and the fact that the bond was presented to the clerk of the board of inspectors, who refused to approve it because it was not witnessed, even though the objection be a frivolous one, made in bad faith and for vexation, will not render the bond sufficient without an approval, since, under the statute, it may be approved also by any justice of the township. Clement v. Everest, 29 Mich., 19.

¶5. The validity of the action of school inspectors in changing the boundaries of school districts is not affected by the fact that the inspectors were in