ABINGDON, 242.

Acca, Bishop of Hexham, encourages
art and learning in Northumbria,
226, 344, 345 n.

Adamnan, his account of Arculf's
voyage, 343; his Life of St. Columba,
343.

Aedan, King of Dalriada, wars against
Æthelfrith, 267.

Elfleda, daughter of Oswiu of Nor-
thumbria, Abbess of Whitby, 200,
276, 277.

Elfwine (Alboin), son of Eadwine, 2;
discussion of his identity, 2 n.; Note
A, 99, 460.

Esc, son of Hengest, defeats the
Welsh, 103.

Eschere, thegn of Hrothgar, slain by
Grendel's mother, 41, 42, 44.
Æthelbald, King of Mercia, builds
church at Crowland, 227; his life
and influence on literature, 250,
251.

Ethelberht, King of Kent, receives
Christianity, 190, 191.

(Elberht), Archbishop of York,
his influence on art and literature,

448-450.

Ætheldreda, Abbess of Ely, 200.
Æthelfrith, King of Northumbria, be-
comes supreme in England, 116, 257;
his warfare with Scots and Welsh,
103, 116-118; verse on his battle
with Raedwald, 117.

Æthelhard, Archbishop of Canterbury,

248.

Æthelheard, King of Wessex, 242.
Æthelhun, Alderman, leader of West
Saxons in battle of Burford, 242.
Ethelred, King of Mercia, organises
Mercian Church, 250.

King of Northumbria, 452.
King of Wessex, 249.
Ethelweard, chronicler, his account
of Sceaf, 78, 79; Note D, 469.

Ethelwulf, King of Wessex, his gene-
alogy, 197; Note D, 469; defeats
Vikings, 249.

Ætla. [See Attila]

- (Hedda), Bishop of Dorchester, 276.
Agilberht, Bishop of West Saxons,
present at Synod of Whitby, 277.
Aidan, Bishop of Lindisfarne, evangel-
ises the North, 191.

Alaric, 2 n.

Albinus, gives Baeda information for
Eccles. Hist., 230, 345 n.
Alboin. [See Elfwine]
Alchfrith, son of Oswiu, founds monas-
tery at Ripon, 272 n.; is present at
Synod of Whitby, 277.
Alchmund, 452.

Alcuin, life, literary influence, and
works, 449–451; his De Pontificibus
(quoted), 440, 446, 448, 449.
Aldfrith, King of Northumbria, de-
velops his kingdom, 258; supports
nationality of church, 263; encour-
ages literature, 342; friend of Baeda,
345 n.; Ealdhelm sends him treatise
on Prosedy, 240; buys Codex from
Ceolfrid, 225.

Alfwold, King of East Anglia, Life of
Guthlac dedicated to, 250.

King of Northumbria, 452.
Amesbury, 103, 104.

66

Anderida (Andredesceaster), 103.
Andreas,' poem of, its authorship
discussed, 414; Note D, 487; de-
scribed and translated, 414-425;
passages quoted, 170-174, 179, 180.
Aneurin, 266 n.

Angles, connected with Geats and
Danes, 15; their ancestor worship,
80; Note D, 464; their conquests in
Britain, 113-117; literary interest of
their early wars, 117, 119. [See also
Sea, Forests]

Animals in Early English Poetry, 140–
142, 269. [See Riddles]

Arminius, suggested identity with
Siegfried, 11 n.
Armour, in Early English Poetry, 120-
128. [See also Riddles]
Arthur, King, mythic or historic? 104
n.; first mentioned at Mount Badon,
104; influence of his story on Eng-
lish poetry, 104 n.; site of his battles,

266.

Arts, the, in early England, 226-229,447 n.
Ashdown, battle of, 249.

Attila (Ætla), 3, 11 n., 96; songs at a
banquet of, 40 n.

Attuarii (Hetware), the, conquer
Hygelac, 14.

Augustine, St., brings Christianity to
Kent, 190; establishes library and
schools, 235; his monastery occupied
by Theodore, 237.

Aylesford, battle of, 102.

Azarias," poem of (quoted), 212-214;
supposition of its origin, 325, 439 n.

BAEDA, charm of his stories, 218; his
literary friendships, 230, 231; his life
and work, 344-351; story of his
death, 338-340; his dying verses, 339.
[See also Coifi, Cuthbert, Paullinus]
Balder, burial of, 27; worship of, 81.
Bamborough, 222.

Barking, nuns of, 225-226.

Bath, taken by West Saxons, 106; its
importance under Romans, 107; its
ruins described in Ruined Burg,
108, 109; its baths, 109 n.
Beadohild (Bodwild), her story in
Deor's Lament, 6; Edda version of
the legend, Note B, 461-462.
Beanstan, 59 n., 62.

Beaw. [See Beowulf (3)]
Begu, St., 288.

Benedict Biscop, founds monasteries,
sets up libraries, 225; encourages
art, 226-229; set over St. Augustine's
monastery, 237.

Beowa. [See Beowulf (3)]
Beowulf (1), the hero, perhaps his-
torical, 18; his early history and
character, 21-25.

(2), the poem, history of MSS. and
editions, 12; its divisions, 13; the-
ories of its composition, 13; its
date and birthplace, 13-15; theories
of its origin and growth, 16–17; its
value as history, 18; its scenery,
31-33, 42-45, 45 n., 52, 53; descrip-
tion and translation of, 26-69; man-
ners in, 69, 70; Christian elements
of, 70-72; its literary merit, 72, 73;
mythical elements of, 74-92; story
did not enter Norse-German cycle,

93-95; passages quoted, 127-129,
165-168, 169-187.

(3) (Beaw, Beowa), son of Scyld,
16, 17, 26, 81.

Berhtwulf, King of Mercia, defeated
by Vikings, 249.
Bernicia, kingdom of, 116.
"Bî manna mode." [See "Spirit of
Men"]

Boniface (Winfrid), friendship with
nuns, 200, 226; his life and work,
244-246; Anglo-Saxon verse quoted
in Epistle of, 336 n.

Bosa, Bishop of Deira, 262, 276.
Bradford-on-Avon, Old-English Church
at, 228, 239, 242.

Breca, Beowulf's swimming match
with, 20, 59-62.

Bregwin, Archbishop of Canterbury,
247.

Brihtwald, Archbishop of Canterbury,
his learning, 237.

Brisinga-men, Freyja's necklace, 39 n.
Brondings, tribe of the, 61.
Brunanburh, poem on the battle of
(quoted), 132.

Burford, battle of, 242, 243.

CADWALLON, Welsh king, allies with
Penda, 112; slays Eadwine, 118; de-
feated by Oswald, 118.

Caedmon, the poet, encouraged to
write in English, 260; his life and
surroundings in Northumbria, 274-
278, 284-287; Baeda's story of, 281-
284; set of poems connected with his
name, 280; the Junian MS. of, 280;
did Caedmon write it? 280; Milton
and Caedmon, 281, 282; other poems
of the Caedmon cycle, 330-338. [See
also Genesis A and B, Exodus,
Daniel]

Caedwalla, King of Wessex, conquers
Isle of Wight, 193.
Canterbury, 236, 237.

Cave, the sea-, in Beowulf, 45 n.;
similar caves elsewhere, 45 n.
Ceadda (Chad), Bishop of Lichfield,
Baeda's stories of his death, 207;
trained by Aidan, 219, 220, 262 n.
Ceawlin, West Saxon chief, defeats
Welsh at Deorham, 106; is defeated
at Fethanleag, 107; defeated by
Welsh and Hwiccas, 112.

Cedda, preaches to East Saxons, 192;
legend of his descent from heaven,
207; sets up Lastingham, 271; is
present at Synod of Whitby, 277.
Cenwealh, King of Wessex, verse on
his battle at Pen, 118.
Ceolfrid, 226.

Ceolwulf, King of Northumbria, 259;
friend of Baeda, 345 n.
Cerdic, Saxon chief, founds Wessex,
104.

Chapman, A., his Bird Life of the
Borders (quoted), 372 n.
Charford, battle of, 103.

Charles the Great, his correspondence
with England, 232; Alcuin joins his
court, 450.

Charms, for Water Elf disease, 138 n.;
to do away a dwarf, 138 n.; for
catching a swarm of bees, 155, 156;
for finding lost cattle, 156, 157; for
bewitched land, 157-160; for a stitch,
159, 160.
For others, see Note E,
471.

Chester, battle of, 112, 117.
Chochilaicus (Hygelac), his expedition
against the Attuarii, 13, 14.
Christ," Cynewulf's poem of, its di-
visions, 390; its sources, 390; Notes
B, 482, C, 484; described and trans-
lated, 390-404; passages quoted also,
182 n., 187, 209, 210, 379.
"Christ and Satan," collection of
poems known as, theories of author-
ship and date, 325-328; described
and translated, 328–331.
Christianity, its struggle with heathen-
ism in England, 101, 102; manner of
its propagation in England, 189, 190,
204, 205; introduced into Kent, 190,
191; among East Saxons, 191, 193;
into Northumbria, 192; Baeda's story
of conversion of Northumbria, 201-
204; introduced into Wessex, 192;
into East Anglia, ib.; into Mercia,
193; among South Saxons, 193; and
Jutes of Wight, ib.; end of Celtic
Christianity in England, ib.; changes,
but does not expel, heathen belief
and feeling, 194-200, 204-207; brings
new poetic elements, 201-206, 207-

217.

Chronicle, Anglo-Saxon, the, its ac-
count of death of Cynewulf, 243-
244; quoted also, 103, etc.
Cirencester, 107.

Clovesho, Council of, 228, 250.
Cockayne, Oswald, his Leechdoms (re-

ferred to), 155 n., etc.

Coenred, King of Northumbria, 259.
Coenwalch, King of Wessex, 192.

Coifi, his speech on Christianity, 203.
Coldingham, 228, 271.

Colman, Bishop of Lindisfarne, present
at Synod of Whitby, 277.
Columba, St., legend of his appearance
to Oswald, 220; his character and
influence, 267-270; Life of, 343.

Commagil, Welsh king, slain by West
Saxons, 106.

Condidan, Welsh king, slain by West
Saxons, 106.

Constantine, his battle with the Huns
described in Elene, 130, 131.
Conybeare's account of Beowulf (al-
luded to), 12.

Cook, Professor, his Judith (referred
to), 333.

"Crafts of Men," poem on the, its ori-
gin, 398; described, 435, 436; quoted,
121.

Crowland, 227, 250.

Cumbria. [See Strathclyde]
Cunibert (Cynibert), Bishop of Sidna-
cester, gives Baeda information for
the Eccles. Hist., 231, 345 n.
Curtin's Myths and Folk-Lore of Ire-
land (referred to), 85.

Cuthbert, St., his friendship with Her-
bert, 207; his life and influence, 221-
224; anonymous Life of, 343 n.;
Baeda's Life of, 193 n., 348.

Archbishop of Canterbury, his
Latin verses, 247 n.

pupil of Baeda, his letter on
Baeda's death, 339, 340.
Cuthred, King of Wessex, 242, 243.
Cynegils, King of Wessex, 192.
Cynewulf, the poet, a roving singer
and a Scôp, 8; his nature-poetry
compared with Shelley's, 183; runes
of his name, 208, 377-381; Note D,
487; his date and dwelling place,
371-375; his life and character, 375-
386; his signed poems (Juliana,
Christ, Elene, Fates of the Apos-
tles), 387-406; other poems by him
or by men of his school, 408-443.

King of Wessex, account of his
death in Chronicle, 244.
Cynric, a Saxon chief, 103, 106.
Cyriacus, Bishop of Jerusalem, his
Life the source of the Elene, 405.

DAEGHREFN, 48.
Daegsastan (Dawston), battle of, 266 n.
Dalriada, kingdom of, 267.
Danes, their home in Seeland, 15;
first lays of Beowulf among, ib.;
settle in England, 249; attack Nor-
thumbria, 454-456.

Deira, kingdom of, 115, 116.
Dennisburn, battle of, 118.
Deor. [See Lament of Deor]
Deorham, battle of, 106.

"Descent into Hell," poem on the,
425-427.

Dietrich, F., his theory of authorship
of the Riddles, 369.
"Discourse of the Soul to the Body,"
poem of, 353-354.
Dorchester, 192.

Dragon, the, in Beowulf, 50-53; Cyne-
wulf's Riddle on, 52 n.; myth of,
82, 83.

"Dream of the Rood," poem of the,
its authorship, 436-441; described
and translated, 441-443; passages in
it compared with runes on Ruthwell
Cross (quoted), 336, 337.
Durham, 223.

EADBALD, King of Kent, 192.
Eadberht, King of Northumbria, his
rule, 446, 447.
Eadfrith, 347.

Eadgils, King of the Myrgings, 2, 3.
grandson of Ongentheow, 23 n.;
slain by Beowulf, 49.
Eadwine, King of Northumbria, his
vision, 202; considers Christianity
with his Witan, 202-203; baptized,
191; slain at Heathfield, 118; verse
on his death, 118; his power and
government, 257.

father of Elfwine, 2.

Eaha, 65.

Ealdlielm, his Riddles (quoted), 122 n.,
123 n., 125 n., 126, 149 n., 183, 211 n.;
builds church at Malmesbury, 227;
his literary friendships, 230; his life,
work, and character, 238-240.
Ealdhild, wife of Eadgils, 2.
Eanbald I., Archbishop of York, 452.
II., Archbishop of York, 453.
Eanfleda, wife of Oswiu, founds Gill-
ing, 271.

Eanmund, grandson of Ongentheow,
23 n.; murders Heardred, 49.
Eanred, King of Northumbria, 452.
Earcombert, King of Northumbria,

192.

Eardulf, King of Northumbria, 452.
Earle, Professor, his theory of the ori-
gin of Beowulf, 14 n.. 17 n., 22 n.;
his Deeds of Beowulf (referred to),
14 n.; his Land Charters (quoted),
144 n., etc.; his Anglo-Saron Litera- |
ture (quoted), 241, etc.; his Two
Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (referred
to), 244 n.

East Anglia, 114; Christianity in, 192.

East Saxons, receive Christianity, 191,
192.

Eata, Bishop of Hexham, 262, 272 n.
Ebba, sister of Oswald, founds monas-
teries of Coldingham and Ebbches-
ter, 271.
Ebbchester, 272.
Ebbsfleet, 102.

"Ecclesiastical History," Baeda's,
344-347.

Ecgberht, King of Wessex, literature
under, 248; subdues Northumbria,
453.

Archbishop of York, Baeda's
Epistle to, 446; his influence on edu-
cation and literature, 447, 448.
Ecgferth, son of Offa of Mercia, con-
nected with Beowulf (?), 17 n.
Ecgfrith, King of Northumbria, char-
acter of his reign, 258.
Ecgtheow, father of Beowulf, 19, 20.
Ecgwine (Ecgwin), Bishop of Worces-
ter, legend of, 199; founds Evesham,
250; writes his own life (?), ib.
Eddius Stephanus, his Biography of
Wilfrid, 343.

Ekkehard of St. Gall (quoted), 96.
Elegiac poems, Early English, 353-367.
"Elene," Cynewulf's poem of, its

source, 405, 406; the poem discussed
and described, 380-384, 405-407; pas-
sages quoted also, 128-131, 173, 174,
187.

Elmet, forest of, 115; kingdom of the
Welsh, 264.

Eofor, 23.

Eormanric (Hermanric), King of the
Ostrogoths, visited by Widsith, 2;
his legend in Lament of Deor, 5;
Note A, 459.

Eorpwald, King of East Anglia, 192.
Eostra, a nature goddess, mentioned
by Baeda, 81.

Epinal Glossary, the, 236 n.
Esius (Esi), 231.

Ettmüller, L., his theory of origin of
Beowulf, 15 n.

Eusebius, his Riddles quoted, 122 n.,
137, 183.
Evesham, 250.

"Exeter Book," the, 255, 370, 408.
"Exodus," the poem of, its author-
ship and character, 315-317; de-
scribed and translated, 317-324;
quoted also, 128, 129, 130.

Forests, of Early England, 136, 137,
138; giants and elves of the, 138,
139; the outlaw of the, 140; beasts
in the, 140, 141.

Forthhere, gives Baeda information
for Eccles. Hist., 345 n.
Franks, the, their literary connection
with England, 232.

Freaware, daughter of Hrothgar, 34,
35, 68.

Freeman, Professor, his English Towns

(referred to), 228 n.

Freyr, his worship connected with the
Boar-sign, 128 n.

Friesland, its conversion influences
English Literature, 232.
Frithona (Deus Dedit), Archbishop of
Canterbury, 236.

Froda, King of the Heathobeards, 68.
Frome, 227, 239, 242.

GARULF, 65.

Geat, the legend of, 5; Note B, 462.
Geats (Geatas), 15.

"Genesis A," poem of, 290-299; quoted
also, 130, 132, 177, 212.
"Genesis B," poem of, theories of its
origin, 301-303, 304; its metre, 303;
described and translated, 304–314.
Gerarde's "Herball" (quoted), 179 n.
Gerontius, King of Damnonian Brit-
ons, Ealdhelm's letter to, 241.
"Gifts of Men." [See "Crafts of Men"]
Gildas, his view of the English inva-
sion, 105, 106; his account of their
attack on a town, 109 n.
Gilling, 271.
Glastonbury, 192, 242.
Gloncester, 107.
"Gnomic Verses" described, 434:
specimens of, Note F, 490; quoted
also, 136 n., 137, 140, 141 n., 153, 169,
175, 180, 187 n., 205.

Godmundingham, 204..

"Gododin,' poem of the, describes
wars in Northumbria, 266 n.
Gollancz, I., his explanation of the
Cynewulf-runes, 378 n.; his theory
of the authorship of Andreas, Note
D, 487-489; and of the introduction
to Guthlac, 409.

Goths (or Goten), 3.

Green, J. R., his History (quoted),
103, etc.

Gregory of Tours, 13.

Grein, C. W. M. (alluded to), 174, etc.
Grendel, description of, 35-38; his
struggle with Beowulf, 38, 39; his
mother, 41; her raid, pursuit, and
death, 42, 43, 45-48; meaning of the
name, 83, 84; resemblances to the
Grendel story elsewhere in litera-
ture, 84-92.

Grettis Saga, resembles story of Beo-
walf, 89-92.

Grimm, J., his Teutonic Mythology
(quoted), 157 n., etc.
Groschopp, F., his theory concerning
the Christ and Satan, 326.
Gudrun Saga (referred to), 6, 7.
Guest, Dr. E., his Origines Celticae
(referred to), 105, etc.; his transla-
tion of poem on Uriconium, 110; his
theory of authorship of Caedmonic
poems, 303.

Guthhere, the Burgundian, 2.

96.

a warrior in Finnsburg, 65.
(Gunther), King of the Franks,

Guthlac, St., Life of, 250-252; poem
of, described and translated, 408-
413; quoted also, 176, 207.
Guthlaf, 66.

Gwynedd, Welsh kingdom of, 112.
Gyrwas, the, a tribe of Angles, 114,
116, 135.

HADRIAN OF AFRICA, comes to Eng-
land with Theodore, 193, 237.
"Hadubrand and Hildebrand," Ger-
man lay of, 99, 100.
Haetheyn, son of Hrethel, 19; slays
Herebeald, 22; his feud with the
Sweons, 23.

Hagen (Hagena), his story in the
romances of Walther of Aquitane,
96-98.
Hama, 3.

Harrowing of Hell," poem on the,
329-331.
Hartlepool, 271.

Healfdene, father of Hrothgar, 26.
Heardred. son of Hygelac, 19; trained
by Beowulf, 21, 48.