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which were revived by the awful scenes which I have seen passing before my eyes in the world, are, I trust,1 deeply rooted in my heart by this great calamity.

SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH, "Memoirs."

THE DISCOVERY OF MEMPHIS.

On the way, Achmet had told us3 of a Frenchman who had been all the summer digging in the sand near Sakkara. . . . . We approached the workmen, where we met the discoverer of 5 Memphis, M. M

who apologized for the little he had to show us, since, on account of the Vandalism of the Arabs, he was obliged to cover up all his discoveries, after making his drawings and measurements.

I asked M. M- what first induced him to dig for Memphis in that spot, since antiquarians had fixed upon 10 the mounds near Mitrahenny (a village in the plain below, and about four miles distant) as the former site of the city. He said 12 that the tenour of an inscription which he found 13 on one of the blocks quarried out of these mounds induced him 14 to believe that the principal part of the city lay to the westward,15 and therefore he commenced excavating 16 in the nearest sand-hill in that direction.

I trust, j'en ai la confiance.

2 On the way, chemin faisant-3 had told us, nous avait parlé 4 digging, occupé à faire des fouilles-5 where we met the discoverer of, et nous vîmes le savant à qui l'on doit la découverte de-6 for the little he had to, d'avoir si peu à-7 since, comme-8 making......and, avoir fait......et pris ses to dig for, à chercher-10 fixed upon, désigné- about......distant, à environ......de distance-12 he said, il me répondit-13 he found, il avait trouvée-14 induced him, l'avait porté is lay to the westward, était située vers l'ouest-16 he commenced excavating, il commença ses fouilles.

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After sinking pits1 in various places he struck on2 an avenue of sphinxes, the clue to3 all his after1 discoveries. Following this," he came upon the remains of a temple (probably the Serapeum, or temple of Serapis, mentioned by Strabo), and afterwards upon streets, colonnades, public and private edifices, and all other signs of a great city. The number of sphinxes alone, buried under these high sand-drifts, amounted to two thousand, and he had frequently uncovered twenty or thirty in a day. He estimated the entire number of statues, inscriptions, and reliefs at between four and five thousand." The most remarkable discovery was that of eight colossal statues, which were evidently the production of Grecian art. During thirteen months of assiduous labour, with but one assistant, he had made drawings of all these objects, and forwarded them to Paris. In order to be near at hand, he had built an Arab house of unburnt bricks, the walls of which had just tumbled down9 for the third time. His workmen were then engaged in clearing away 10 the sand from the dwelling of some old Memphian, and he intended spreading his roof over the massive walls, and making his residence in the exhumed city.

M. M's appearance showed what he had undergone, and gave me an idea of the extraordinary zeal and patience required to make a successful 12 antiquarian. His face was as brown as an Arab's, 13 his

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1 After sinking pits, après avoir creusé-2 he struck on, il trouva3 the clue to, qui le conduisit à- after, subséquentes—5 following this, partant de là-6 he came upon, il découvrit-7 at between four and five thousand, à quatre à cinq mille-8 near at hand, plus près had just tumbled down, venaient de s'écrouler-10 in clearing away, à déblayer -11 and making, et d'établir-12 to make a successful, pour assurer le succès d'un-13 as an Arab's, que celui d'un Arabe.

eyes severely inflamed, and his hands as rough as a bricklayer's. His manner with the native workmen was admirable, and they laboured with a hearty good will, which almost supplied the want of the needful implements. All they had were straw baskets, which they filled with a sort of rude shovel, and then handed up to be carried off on the heads of others.1 One of the principal workmen was deaf and dumb, but the funniest Arab I ever saw. He was constantly playing off his jokes on those who were too slow or too negligent. An unlucky girl, stooping down at the wrong time3 to lift a basket of sand, received the contents of another on her head; and her indignant outcry was hailed by the rest with screams of laughter. I saw the same man pick out of the sand a glazed tile containing hieroglyphic characters. The gravity with which he held it up before him, feigning to peruse it, occasionally nodding his head, as if to say, "Well done for old Pharaoh!" could not have been excelled by Burton himself.

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Strabo states that Memphis had a circumference of seventeen miles, and therefore M. M and the antiquarians are right. The mounds of Mitrahenny probably mark the eastern portion of the city, while its western limit extended beyond the pyramids of Sakkara, and included in its suburbs those of Abousir and Dashoor. The space explored by M. Miss

And then handed up to be carried off on the heads of others, et qu'ils donnaient à porter aux autres sur leurs têtes-2 playing off his jokes on, à jouer ses tours à-3 at the wrong time, au mauvais moment---

and her indignant, etc......laughter, et à ses cris d'indignation les autres répondirent par de grands éclats de rire—5 pick out of, ramasser dans6 as if to say, comme pour dire-7 well done for, à la bonne heure le-8 is, a.

about a mile and a half in1 length, and somewhat more than half a mile in breadth. He was then (1851) continuing his excavations westward, and had almost reached the first ridge of the Lybian Hills, without finding the termination of the ruins. The magnitude of his discovery will be best known3 when his drawings and descriptions are given to the world. A few months after my visit his labours were further rewarded by finding thirteen colossal sarcophagi of black marble, and he has recently added to his renown by discovering an entrance to the Sphinx. Yet at that time the exhumation of the lost Memphis -second only in importance to that of Ninevehwas unknown in Europe, except to a few savans in7 Paris, and the first intimations which some of my friends in Cairo and Alexandria had of it, was my own account of my visit in the newspapers they received from America.

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BAYARD TAYLOR,

Life and Landscapes from Egypt,” etc.

ORIENTAL CEREMONY.

On entering a Turkish divan, the traveller is merely required 10 to make a grave bow, placing his right hand to his left breast, and to seat himself in the divan in the Turkish style,12 which, for the informa

1 In, de-2 continuing, en train de poursuivre-3 the magnitude of his discovery will be best known, on sera plus à même d'apprécier l'étendue de ses découvertes are, seront-5 by finding, par la découverte de- by discovering an, par la mise au jour d'une in, à _8 intimation, nouvelle-9 in Cairo, au Caire.

10 Required, requis-11 placing his right hand to his left breast, en se plaçant la main droite sur le sein gauche-12 in the Turkish style, à la Turque.

tion of those readers who have not been in the country, I should say is exactly that easy position which it seems in Europe tailors only are privileged to assume. When seated,3 he usually salutes the great man again in the same manner as before; but if the latter be of very high rank, it is better to show respect by placing the right hand first to the lips and then above the forehead. A few complimentary speeches are now exchanged, such as "How do you do?" “What a tall man you are!" "What a fine beard!" "You are like one of us!"9 -welcome and thanks.10 Coffee is then presented to the traveller. The Pasha gives pipes to noblemen at his own divan only; but every Englishman has a right to expect one, or to smoke his own, at the divan of any of his subordinate officers. The Turk, if he is only a Katchef or Naze, ought to make a kind of half rise 12 from his seat when the traveller enters, but it is very seldom that13 his pride and desire of appearing a great man in his little court permit him to show this courtesy. All the Turks possess, or have the power of assuming,14 an apparently natural dignity of manner. The liberated slave, raised suddenly to rank and authority, seems always at his ease, as if born to 15 the station that he fills.

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1 Which, for the information of those readers who......I should say, ce qui, soit dit comme renseignement pour ceux de mes lecteurs qui2 are privileged to assume, aient le privilège de prendre-3 when seated, quand il s'est assis- the great man, le grand personnage—5 in, de— 6 better, plus comme il faut-7 respect, son respect-8 now, alors-9 one of us, un des nôtres-10 welcome and thanks, on vous souhaite la bienvenue et vous remerciez-11 a right to expect one, le droit d'en attendre une-12 ought to make a kind of half rise, doit se lever à moitié-13 it is very seldom that, il est bien rare que-14 the power of assuming, la faculté de se donner-15 as if born to, comme s'il était né pour.

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