The late DR. RICHARD POWELL, Secretary of the Royal College of Physicians, volunteered the Linnæan Arrangement annexed, from his admiration of the original paintings, and the great pains taken to have them faithfully engraved.

LINNEAN ARRANGEMENT

OF THE FISH

FIGURED IN THIS EDITION OF WALTON AND
COTTON'S COMPLETE ANGLER:

Extracted from General Zoology, by GEORGE SHAW, M.D., &c. &c.; and British Zoology, by THOMAS PENNANT, Esq. Edit. Lond. 1812. 8vo.

THE Reader of Walton's most interesting and amusing work, will probably be gratified by it's closer connection with the Science of Natural History; and for this purpose, the following List is added, containing the Systematic Names and Characters of the principal Fish described in it.

Fishes form one great division of the Systema Naturæ of Linnæus; and the most generally received modification thereof, by Dr. Shaw, arranges them under two great Classes, to the former of which alone the present work has reference: — viz. Those which have a Skeleton of Bone, and those which have a Skeleton of Cartilage. The Orders are founded upon circumstances connected with the Fins, which are named from their situation, Dorsal, or Back Fins; Pectoral, or Breast Fins; Ventral, or Belly Fins; Anal, or Vent Fin; and Caudal, or Tail Fin.

The Ventral Fins are held to be analogous to the Feet of Quadrupeds; and from their absence, or relative situation to the others, the Orders are taken. Such as want the Ventral Fins, are named Apodal, or Footless: such as have the Ventral placed before, or more forward than the Pectoral, are named Jugular: such as have

them immediately under the Pectoral, are named Thoracic and such as have them behind or beyond the Pectoral, are named Abdominal.

:

As the ensuing descriptions of the Fish, are placed according to their Scientific order, and not according to that of their occurrence in the preceding work, a reference to the Chapter and the page in which they are treated of and represented, is placed against each of the following Articles.

ORDER I.

APODAL, OR FOOTLESS.
No Ventral Fins.

Genus ANGUILLA, EEL.

Head smooth. Nostrils tubular. Eyes covered by the common skin. Gill-Membrane 10 rayed. Body roundish, smooth, mucous. Dorsal, Caudal, and Anal fins, united. Spiracles behind the head or Pectoral fins.

A. vulgaris. Common Eel.

Chap. XIII. page 193. Olive-brown Eel, subargenteous beneath, with the lower jaw longer than the upper.

Head broader than the body, spiny. Eyes vertical, and furnished with a nictitating membrane. Gill-membrane 6 rayed. Body (in most species), without scales, attenuated towards the tail. Dorsal Fins (in most species), two. C. Gobio, River Bull-Head. Chap. XVIII. pages 230, 232. Smooth yellowish-olive Bull-Head, variegated with black; beneath whitish. The Head furnished with a spine on each side.

Genus PERCA, PERCH.

Teeth sharp, incurvate. Gill-covers triphyllous, (three

leaved) scaly, serrated. Dorsal fin spiny on the fore part Scales (in most species), hard and rough.

P. Fluviatilis, Common Perch. Chap. XII. page 183.

Olivaceous Perch, with transverse semi-decurrent blackish bands. Dorsal fin subviolaceous, the rest red.

P. Cernua, Ruffe-Perch. Chap. xv. page 204.

Sub-olivaceous Perch speckled with black, with 15 spines in the Dorsal fin.

N. B. The large Eyes (Oculi magni), which are noticed in Linnæus's description, are well expressed in

the Plate.

Genus GASTEROSTEUS, STICKLEBACK.

Body somewhat lengthened. Dorsal Spines distinct. Ventral fins spiny. Abdomen carinated on the sides, and bony beneath.

G. Aculeatus, Common Stickleback. Chap. xvII. pp 230, 233. Olivaceous Stickleback, silvery-red beneath, with 3 Dorsal spines.

ORDER IV.

ABDOMINAL.

Ventral Fins behind, or beyond the Pectoral.

Genus COBITIS, LOCHE.

Mouth (in most species), bearded. Eyes situated in the upper part of the head. Body nearly of equal thickness, from head to tail. Scales small, easily deciduous. Airbladder hard, or osseous.

C. Barbatula, Common Loche. Chap. XVIII. pp. 230, 231. Yellow-gray Loche, with dusky variegations, small compressed head and 6 beards.

Genus SALMO, SALMON.

Head compressed, smooth. Tongue cartilaginous. Teeth, both in the jaws, and on the tongue. Gill-membrane from 4 to 10 rayed. Body compressed, furnished at the hind part with an Adipose fin.

S. Salar, Common Salmon. Chap. vII. page 138.

Silvery-gray spotted Salmon, with the jaws (in the male) incurvated.

S. Fario, Common Trout. Chap. v. page 83.

Yellowish-gray Salmon with red spots, and lower jaw rather longer than the upper.

S. Salmulus, Samlet. Chap. IV. page 67.

Bluish-gray Salmon, with distant reddish spots and forked tail.

Note. Pennant seems to have established this as a distinct species, and not the fry of the Salmon, which some have supposed. One conclusive reason amongst others, is, that they are furnished with roes, and are therefore to be considered as full-grown fishes. A similar inference may be made with respect to the White-Bait of the Thames.

S. Thymallus, Grayling Salmon. Chap. vi. page 132. Gray Salmon, with longitudinal dusky blue lines, and violet-coloured Dorsal fin barred with brown.

Genus Esox, PIKE.

Head somewhat flattened above. Mouth wide. Teeth sharp, in the jaws, palate, and tongue. Body lengthened. Dorsal and Anal fins (in most species) placed near the tail, and opposite each other.

E. Lucius, Common Pike.

Chap. VIII. page 149.

Grayish-olive Pike, with yellowish spots, and depressed subequal jaws.

Genus CYPRINUS, CARP.

Mouth small and toothless. Teeth in the throat. Gillmembrane 3 rayed. Ventral fins, in general, 9 rayed.

Note. It is remarkable, that of the 21 principal Fish which minister to the pleasure of the Angler, Ten belong to this single Genus.

C. Carpio, Common Carp. Chap. 1x. page 164.

Yellowish-olive Carp, with wide Dorsal fin, with the third ray serrated behind.

C. Brama, Bream. Chap. x. page 170.

Broad olivaceous Carp, with flesh-coloured Abdomen smallish Dorsal fin, and 27 rays in the Anal fin.

C. Rutilus, Roach. Chap. XVII. page 218.

Yellowish-silvery Carp, with olivaceous back. Dorsal fin brown, the rest reddish, and forked tail.

C. Tinca, Tench, Chap. XI. page 179.

Mucous blackish-olive Carp, with very small scales, and nearly even tail.

;