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expression, however, was gloomy in the extreme; and he could by no means enter into the picturesque view which his wife presented to him. She, however, brought home from one of the deputies a report of the final proceedings of the Chamber of Deputies on the morning of the coup d'état, and during the short interval they were allowed, before being expelled by military force. This report Grote put in type for private circulation and preservation, as a document in the history of the country.1

The Christmas holiday of three weeks I spent on a visit to the newly-founded hydropathic establish

1 Four years later, when Napoleon was received in London as Emperor, with apparent cordiality by the general public as well as by the Court, the impression made upon Grote was such as to give birth to an emphatic expression of repugnance. The following is an extract from his letter to me, dated 19th April, 1855: "I am glad he (Mill) is not here to witness the scenes of this week-the public adoration paid by the English people to the greatest political criminal who has been seen in Europe since the despots of Greece and medieval Italy. I am sure he would have felt as I do-a sense of disgust and humiliation perfectly heart-sickening. To me it has been a cup more bitter than anything which I have been called upon to swallow since the news arrived of this man's coup d'état in Dec., 1851. I am consoled for having turned sixty years of age last November, when I see the accursed state of public opinion in which my old age is destined to move. Very luckily, my interest in science remains unchanged and unabated; as for the hope of ethical or political amelioration, the sooner I can root that out, the more comfortable I shall feel." In point of fact, however, Grote saw the ruin of Napoleonism at Sedan, and died shortly after the émeute that led to the destruction of the Tuileries and the Hôtel de Ville.

Mill, having taken up his abode, in 1859, in a cottage at Avignon, where his wife was buried, used to contemplate, when in Parliament, the possibility of saying something in the House of Commons that would give offence to Napoleon, and probably lead to his being driven out of France.

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ment in Moore Park, Farnham. A London chemist, named Smethurst, had recently acquired the fine old house and grounds associated with the name of Sir William Temple and Swift-the latter residing there for a time as Temple's private secretary. A large and merry Christmas party filled the house. The mistress of a London boarding school came with her husband, her two daughters and a young daughter of Kossuth, who had been put under her charge. I made one subsequent visit to the establishment while still under Smethurst; but his stingy management disgusted his visitors, while he was entirely incompetent as a proper medical adviser. However, he saw fit to give over the establishment to Edward Lane of Edinburgh, under whom it prospered for a number of years. I paid many visits to it as a patient under Lane, and was always kindly and hospitably received.

It was at the end of 1851 that I resolved upon the final draft of the Psychology, which was put in two parts as ultimately arranged. I had now in hand a very expanded sketch to draw upon, and, therefore, could proceed at a tolerably rapid pace. All the days that I had no lecturing, from the beginning of 1852 onwards, I devoted to composition.

In the course of the year, I had numerous opportunities of discussing points with both Mill and Grote. The writing of the book, however,

must have been carried on partly from the previous drafts, and partly from new references-the Anatomy portion being principally taken from Quain's Anatomy. By the end of 1852, I must have made considerable progress with the first half of the volume, but had to draft and re-draft the portions relating to the mechanism of the Will, which had hardly reached its final shape for the first edition of the Senses.

The recess of the year, 1852, from July to September, was spent in Scotland, and was only partly devoted to actual composition; a good deal of the time having been occupied in reading the works of reference, especially Hamilton's Reid, which I went over again and again.

Winter Session, 1852-53.

In the winter session of 1852-53, I resumed the geography course at Bedford College, and also, for the first time, conducted a class in psychology, making use of my MS., so far as it went. The College staff was joined this session by Findlater, who was now disengaged and took up his abode in London; undertaking to teach an English class, the lectures for which he prepared carefully from the latest authorities on grammar and composition.

FINAL DRAFT OF PSYCHOLOGY.-BEDFORD COLLEGE. 235

His presence was a great advantage to me in many His co-operation was, however, confined to the single session of 1852-53.

ways.

In March, 1853, Masson got the appointment to University College. The meeting of Council was on a Saturday afternoon, and I took the news to him on Sunday morning.

In the April vacation, Findlater and I arranged a visit to Malvern, which turned out both interesting and healthful. Rutherford Russell, whom I had visited in Edinburgh, was already in residence as substitute for another physician, and lived at the Rectory of the place. There were also in the lodgings we occupied, Captain and Mrs. Jessethe sister of Tennyson who had been engaged to Hallam,—with another sister named Mathilda, and a brother, Horatio Tennyson. Both these last we

used to see afterwards at Mrs. Orme's. We had a good deal of interesting conversation with the whole party, and also attended a reception given by the Rector, with whom Russell was staying. Towards the end of summer, Findlater got an engagement from Robert Chambers to go to Edinburgh and superintend a cyclopædia projected by the Chamberses on the basis of a German lexicon that they had purchased. He, accordingly, took up his residence in Edinburgh the same autumn, and there permanently settled.

Summer Vacation, 1853.

This recess contained some notable incidents, besides the work of composition, which was remitted only for relaxation and rest.

My first move was to pay a visit to Professor Clark's brother, William, who had charge of a calico-printing work in Derbyshire, in a village named Hayfield. Clark, although by profession a calico printer, was an artist and a devotee to art, and had surrounded himself with paintings and engravings which made his residence interesting, and also gave the turn to his conversation. spent the first three weeks of July with him, and found the country agreeable and bracing. I can remember one day of excessive strain in composition; the stage reached being the Sensations of the Alimentary Canal.

I

Returning from Hayfield to Manchester, I experienced a railway accident of sufficient magnitude to have sacrificed several lives, but for the circumstance that the two carriages smashed were, by an exception to the rule, luggage vans. There were no passengers until the third from the engine, and this was knocked through by a buffer and a man hurt; but there was no further damage. In Manchester, I spent a long afternoon with Braid, since well known as a "rational mesmerist"

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