sary to discuss the reasons for constituting Fallacies a detached branch of the subject, instead of adducing them in connexion with the logical principles or methods that they were supposed to violate. Nevertheless, I made it appear that a defensible and profitable handling of the whole subject might properly constitute a chapter apart,— which, accordingly, I saw fit to provide, with such modifications as the position taken up seemed to require.

Mill's concluding book, on the Logic of the Moral Sciences, enabled him to discuss with his usual ability and resources the logical methods and erroneous tendencies to be found in the treatment of the Human Mind and Society. It was my policy, initiated in previous sketches of the subject, to review the applications of Logic to a wider scheme of the sciences. The five fundamental sciencesMathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Psychology— were copiously treated in everything upon which Logic had a bearing. Many innovations as regards the arrangement, methods, and even doctrines occurred in the course of the handling. Little or nothing appears to me to be in need of special emendation in this elaborate analysis.

A chapter on the sciences of classification dealt with the existing modes of classifying in Mineralogy, Botany, and Zoology,-in all which improvement is still going on. By the Logic of Practice is meant the groundwork of Ethics, in so far as scientific. The Logic of Politics, or Sociology, is both theoretical and practical, and is regarded as such. A concluding chapter contributes illustrations and suggestions of the logical kind to the practice of Medicine.

An undertaking so arduous could not but have occasional failures; but, so far as I know, no serious flaws have as yet been pointed out for me to rectify.

A number of topics connected with the subject, although not falling into the systematic array, had to receive a special treatment. Some of these were purely historical,—as the

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Classifications of the Sciences, and the Growth of the Logic of Induction, meaning the writers previous to Mill. Others were controversial,-as the Province of Logic, the Universal Postulate, Analysis and Synthesis. A third class were more purely didactic,-as Historical Evidence, and, most important of all, the Art of Discovery. Under this last topic, it had to be shown how far the logical operations primarily conceived as bearing upon evidence, could, directly or indirectly, aid Discovery, and what other means had been suggested for this grand object.

In the Logic, I had valuable assistance from William Minto-partly in suggestions, and partly in the composition of the chapter on the "Growth of Induction". The Note on the Historical Methods was composed by W. A. Hunter.

Among the home incidents of the year, was the triennial Rectorial contest, which ended in a tie of nations between Mr. (now Sir) M. E. Grant Duff and Sir William Maxwell; the Chancellor giving his casting vote for Maxwell. The circumstance that brought on the tie was an apparently irregular vote by a young man who had been an assistant to Professor Brazier, and was not a regular student, but matriculated for the nonce. During a stay at Bridge of Allan in the Christmas holidays, I took it upon myself to explain this incident to Sir W. Maxwell,in consequence of which, he declined the appointment, to the no small dissatisfaction of his supporters and friends. There was no help for it but to hold a second election and appoint Mr. Grant Duff, without a contest. No Conservative, as such,

was again elected till 1887.

Winter Session, 1869-70, and Recess following.

After the publication of the Logic in March, I had some correspondence with Mill on the points of difference between my treatment and his.

In the course of this year, I received intimation from the publisher that the second edition of the Emotions would soon be exhausted. I was not, however, prepared for an immediate revision of the work, having had in contemplation a good many changes. When, at the end of this year, Spencer's revised Psychology came out, I made a careful reading of it, with a view to suggestions, many of which I found of great value. But, as the entire scheme. of the work was based upon Evolution, his mode of reproduction and arrangement of his thoughts was distinct from mine. The actual publication of the third edition of the Emotions did not take place till 1875.

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE TO CHAPTER V.

Proceedings of the General Council, 1860-70.

Here may properly be given a brief account of the various movements that agitated University circles, during the first ten years after the Union of the Colleges. As the circumstances of the case had created two Academical parties-the Old Town Party and the New Town Party,-burning questions were perpetually cropping up, in which I had necessarily to take a part. They related chiefly to the site of the University Library, the

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inclusion of Natural History among the subjects imperative for the M.A. degree, the institution of Local Examinations, and the creation of a B.A. degree. Involved with these were the Election of a Chancellor, and appointments to the Assessorships. As the topics referred to were exhaustively debated by the General Council of the University and action taken on the results arrived at, the short narrative that I intend to give had best assume the form of an abstract of the doings of the General Council from 1860 to 1870.

At the first meeting, on 10th October, 1860, the election of an Assessor was proceeded with; Dr. Kilgour being nominated by Baillie Forbes, and Rev. Dr. Bisset, of Bourtie, by Rev. Dr. Paul, of Banchory. There was a party division, of course, but it was not on this occasion what it came to be afterwards. It was more Established Church ministers against laity and dissenters. The result of a

poll was in favour of Dr. Kilgour.

At the meeting in April, 1861, the Chancellor had to be elected. Sir Alexander Anderson, as representing Toryism, proposed the Duke of Richmond. The Liberal Party, of which John Duguid Milne was a prominent representative, was unable to do anything but acquiesce in the Duke's appointment. Thereafter, a protest was entered by Duguid Milne against the election of Maitland, the Solicitor General, as Rector,-which election had been determined by the casting vote of the Principal, there being no Chancellor. He also moved a series of resolutions upon the whole question of the casting vote in the equality of nations,-which was carried against an amendment by Norman Macpherson of substantially the same purport. A motion was also made and carried in favour of including the class of Natural History in the Arts curriculum, it having been omitted in the General Ordinance of the Commissioners. This view found acceptance with the University Court-being carried there by a narrow

majority and led to the issue of an Ordinance which enabled it to be brought into effect.

In October, 1861, extra-mural teaching was pressed, in a motion by Dr. Beveridge, and seconded by John Duguid Milne, and was carried against several amendments. This movement for extra-mural teaching came to nothing; the Court resolved that it had no power to deal with the subject. Mr. Duguid Milne raised the question of the site of the University Library, in the shape of a notice for next meeting.

In April, 1862, an attempt was made by Baillie Forbes to give more publicity to the proceedings of the Court and the Senatus; but the motion was lost. At this meeting, it was proposed (for the first time), through Mr. Humphrey of Comalegie, to introduce Local Examinations, after the mode of Oxford and Cambridge. The motion was defeated, and the introduction of Local Examinations deferred, on the ground that the circumstances of Aberdeen, more especially its Bursary Competition, did not leave a sufficient constituency to operate upon; only male candidates being then thought of. At the same meeting, an effort was made to obtain revocation of the decision of the Court for making the class of Natural History compulsory, seeing that the University Commissioners had allowed an option between it and Chemistry.

In October, 1862, John D. Milne moved his resolution on the removal of the University Library to Marischal College, which was carried, against all amendments.

At the meeting in April, 1863, it was announced that the Court's deliverance on the removal of the University Library was indecisive, owing to an equality of votes, and the absence of the Rector. It was further attempted, at this meeting, to rescind the monopoly of the Natural History Class in the Arts curriculum, as against Chemistry,-the proposal being defeated by a large majority. This was one of the standing contentions between the two Colleges that