GARIBALDI AT ROME.

GARIBALDI'S DEFENSE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC. By George Macaulay Trevelyan. With seven maps and numerous illustrations. Pp. xv.-377. 8vo. Cloth. New York: Longmans, Green & Co. $2.40.

WITH his bright blue eyes, his leonine

W

head, his flowing mane of golden hair, his simple and graceful uniform, his air of distinction and command, among modern patriots there has been no more picturesque figure than Garibaldi, none upon whom the imagination dwells with more fascination. It seems but a little while ago that he was living quietly in his island home. Yet we are reminded that this is the hundredth year since his birth. Perhaps the critical historian of a thousand years hence will gravely prove that he was a myth, and that the story of his life was purely legendary. Mr. Trevelyan has chosen an absorbingly interesting episode in the stirring life of the Italian soldier, and he has treated it in a way which brings it vividly before the mind. This volume has to do with Mazzini's short-lived Roman Republic in 1849, and with Garibaldi's heroic defense of the city, and his adventurous retreat to the Adriatic, and his departure to America, a period of eight months, from February to September, 1849. With Garibaldi's later triumphs in 1860 Mr. Trevelyan does not concern himself. The volume is divided into three parts, the first of which is preliminary, telling the story of Garibaldi's childhood at Nice, of his adventurous life in South America, and his romantic marriage; here also we have an outline of the condition of the Roman States from 1815 to 1846, and of the reform movements and democratic protests. This prepares the way for Part Second, which describes the defense of Rome, and Part Third, which treats of Garibaldi's retreat and escape, and of the untimely death of his brave wife, Anita. The author's attitude is that of sympathetic admiration, but he does not permit enthusiasm to blind him to the mistakes and errors of his hero. The chapters are appropriately prefaced by short quotations from Byron, Shelley, Keats, Swinburne, the Brownings, and other poets to whom Italy has been an inspiration. The impressions of many observers are given in their own language, and form a weighty mass of testimony as to the compelling charm of Garibaldi's personality. Here is excellent and available material for both the novelist and the playwright.

St. 4. Times. Rev. May 11th.

With 7 Maps and 35 Illustrations

8vo. Price 6s. 6d. net

GARIBALDI'S

DEFENCE OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

BY

GEORGE MACAULAY TREVELYAN

LATE FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE
AUTHOR OF ENGLAND IN THE AGE OF WYCLIFFE' &c.

LONGMANS, GREEN, AND CO.,
39 PATERNOSTER ROW, LONDON;
NEW YORK, BOMBAY AND CALCUTTA.

ADVERTISEMENT.

THIS book is a history of the great political and military events in 1849 which caused the final breach between the Papacy and Italian national aspirations, and made Garibaldi the national hero of Italy. It contains a full military history of the siege of Rome by the French, and of Garibaldi's retreat, and centres entirely round his figure. Indeed the first part of the volume relates the romantic early career of the South American guerilla, and the origin of the red-shirt tradition. The book is based upon a minute study of the manuscript and printed authorities, made available of recent years by the work of Italian professors and librarians, and upon visits paid to the actual scenes of the various events described. The poetical and romantic aspects of Garibaldi's life, without which it would be worse than useless to attempt to find his true place in history, are only increased by a knowledge of the detailed facts of his extraordinary adventures.

The famous Retreat from Rome to the Adriatic [the course of which the author has traced on foot]; the death of Garibaldi's wife, the Amazon Anita, hunted with her husband by the Austrians in the marshes near the Ravenna pine-forest; the escape back of the hero himself in disguise to the Tuscan coast, are all narrated at length.

The fact that this year is the centenary of Garibaldi's birth (18071907), may lend an additional interest to the story of the man who once had such a hold on the imagination and love of the English and American peoples.

ORDERS SHOUD BE SENT TO
KS LERS

H. SOTHE

NAC

14. S

INTRODUCTION.

CHAPTER

I.

II.

III.

IV.

V.

VI.

PART I

PRELIMINARY.

THE TRAINING OF GARIBALDI.

ANITA-THE LIFE IN SOUTH AMERICA AND THE RETURN TO ITALY.

ITALY'S FAILURE IN 1848.

CONDITION OF THE ROMAN STATES UNDER THE PAPACY, 1815-46—
PIO NONO AND THE REFORM MOVEMENTS, 1846-48.
THE DEMOCRATIC PROTEST IN CENTRAL ITALY, OCTOBER 1848-
FEBRUARY 1849 MURDER OF ROSSI FORMATION
GARIBALDI'S LEGION-THE ROMAN REPUBLIC.

-

OF

THE REPUBLIC, MAZZINI, AND THE POWERS-OUDINOT ADVANCES
ON ROME.

XI.

THE SIEGE OF ROME, JUNE 4-29.

THE LAST ASSAULT, JUNE 30-FALL OF ROME-DEPARTURE OF

GARIBALDI.

PART III.

XII.

XIII.

XIV.

GARIBALDI'S RETREAT AND ESCAPE.

THE RETREAT, I.-ROME TO AREZZO-ESCAPE FROM THE FRENCH,
SPANIARDS, AND NEAPOLITANS.

THE RETREAT, II.-FROM TUSCANY TO THE BORDERS OF SAN

MARINO THROUGH THE AUSTRIAN ARMIES.

SAN MARINO AND CESENATICO, JULY 31-AUGUST 1.

XV. THE DEATH OF ANITA.

XVI. THE ESCAPE OF GARIBALDI.

LIST OF SOME OF THE OFFICERS WHO DEFENDED ROME IN 1849.
APPENDICES.

LIST OF PRINTED MATTER AND MSS. CONSULTED BY THE AUTHOR.