The figures, unless where otherwise expressed, refer to the paragraphs of the text, and not to the pages of the Volume.
ABERCROMBIE, Hon. Ralph, 655. Adie, J., travelling barometer, 36. Adie, R., conservatory hygrometer, 321. Adie, A., sympiesometer, 44. Abnormal temperatures, 275; caused by ocean-currents, 233. Air-thermometer, invention of, 7. America, influence of its large lakes on the climate, 209, 267. Anemometers, 440. Aneroid barometer, 43. Anthelia, or glories of light, 625. Aqueous vapour as disturbing influence on the atmosphere, 115. Arago on lightning, 589; neutral point of polarisation, 635; on moon's influence on weather, 649. Aristotle' On Meteors,' 4. Athenæum, suggestion by a writer in,
Atmosphere, drying power of the, 311; height deduced from meteors, 642; from polarisation, 639; mode of measuring the pressure, 50. Atmospheric pressure, distribution over the globe, Chap. III.; its relation to temperature, winds, rain, &c., passim; methods of representing it in storms, 499-501; its irregular distribution in storms, 521.
Aurora borealis, 605; height, 607, relation to terrestrial magnetism, 606, 609; to storms, 611; distribution over the earth, 606.
BABINET'S neutral point of polarisation,
Babington, T. H., 665.
Bacon, Lord, 483.
Baddeley on dust-whirlwinds, 602.
Baker, Sir S. W., inundation of the
Nile, 470; dust-whirlwinds of Nubia, 602.
Balfour, Professor J. H., 539. Ballingall, R., 655.
Ballot, Dr Buys, 17, 87; LAW OF THE WINDS, 517; apparent exceptions to, 520, 521. 522; 564, 574. Barker, Sir R., 210. Barometer, invention, 6; description of, 27; neutral point of, 34; mode of removing from place to place, and of expelling air from, 37; must be hung perpendicularly, 38; scales, 51; reducing to 32, 47; correction for height, 52; example showing method of reducing, 61; daily variation, 63; do. of dry air, 69; annual variation, 75; corrections for range, their use and abuse, 73, 74; variations, where large, 77; low in storms not the effect of centrifugal force, 565; extraordinary fluctuations in tropical storms, 540; table comparing millimetres with English inches, page 357; and Table III., Paris lines with English inches, page 358.
Barometric gradient, 531, 532. Barometric measurement of heights, 62. Barometric tubes, use of air-trap in, 36. Bates, Rev. J. Chadwick, observations with rain-gauges, 396.
Baxendell, Joseph, 512; on moon's influence on atmospheric temperature,
Becquerel and Breschet's experiments of electricity, 583.
Bennet's electrometer, 580. Berigny, 615.
Beverley, Rev. A., proportion of rainfall at Aberdeen with different winds, 412.
Black-bulb thermometer (naked), 187, 189, 198.
Blodget's remarks on rainfall of America, 415.
Bohenenberger's electroscope, 581. Bora, 497.
Borrowing days, 294.
Boussingault, 182.
Brewster, Sir David, on daily march of temperature, 145; causes which inter- fere with it, 146, 151; polarisation of the atmosphere, 637 et seq. Brewster's neutral point of polarisation, 637.
Bridge of Allan, advantages as a winter and spring resort, 157.
British Islands, suminer temperature, 273; chart showing, page 121; winter temperature, 263; where best for in- valids, 264. Brough, 622.
Bryce, Dr James, 353. Buzzard, H. M.S., 570. Bulletin International, 24. Burckhardt, 490.
CALMS in storms, 526; region of, 453. Capacity, error of, in barometer, 34; of air for vapour in relation to tempera- ture, 320.
Capillarity in barometer, error of, 33. Casella's mercurial minimum thermome- ter, 132.
Caswell, Professor Alexis, 575.
Cavallo's electrometer, 580.
Celsius's thermometer, 121.
Chatfield, Commander, 540, 547, 550. Chrimes's, R., observations with rain- gauges, 397.
Cistern barometers, 32.
Climate influenced by great specific heat of water, 184; influenced by maximum densities of fresh and salt water, 207; currents of the sea, 241; sheets of shallow and deep water respectively, 267; winds, 268; moun- tain-ranges, 269; vegetation, 179; forests, 180, 218, 352; sandy deserts, 178.
Climates, insular and continental, 270; extreme, their effect on the death-rate, 274. Clouds, general causes, 358; apparently resting on hills, cause of, 356; formed at junction of valleys, 353; classifica- tion, 369; cirrus, 370; its relation to storms, and value as a prognostic, 371; cumulus, 375; cause of their shape, 376; stratus, 378; cirro-cumu- lus, 380; cirro-stratus, 382; cumulo- stratus, 385; cumulo-cirro-stratus, 386; pocky cloud, 655; mode of ob- serving, 389; height, 367; colours; 628; velocity of clouds, 391; relation to storms, 514, and auroras, 612. Clouston's, Rev. Dr C., description of natural snowballs, 425; pocky cloud, 655.
Coffin, Professor J. H., winds of nor- thern hemisphere, 456, 537. Cold weather, January and March 1867, 280; Christmas 1860, 286; July 1867, 289; Southern Europe, January 1868, 497. See Temperature and Frosts. Conduction of heat, 169. Conservatory hygrometer, 321.
Density of water, maximum, 206. Dew, history of Theory of, 13; how de- posited, and where most copiously, 202.
Dew-point of the air, 323; how ascer- tained, 324, 330; important to horti- culturists, as predicting frosts, 334. Diathermancy of the air, 340. Dové, isothermal lines, 16, 17, 87; ther- mic isabnormals, 275; annual march of temperature of the globe, 276; Law of rotation of the wind, 483, 564; storms formed by mutual interference of air- currents, 573, 515.
Drainage as affecting temperature of soil, 313.
Dry air of atmosphere, daily variation of pressure of, 69; importance of know- ledge of distribution of, 682 et seq. Drying property, its importance as an element of climate, 311. Dry-and-wet-bulb hygrometer, 325; pre- caution in using, 326.
EAST winds of Great Britain, 486; cause of unhealthiness, 345; as a prognostic, 656, 657.
Education, importance of meteorology as a branch of, 26.
Elastic force of vapour, 330; represents the absolute humidity, 336. Electrcity of the atmosphere, 579; sources of, 585; in relation to its va- pour, 586; annual and diurnal periods, 584; great changes during thunder- storms, 588.
Electrometers, 580.
Electroscopes, 581.
Elliot's, Professor James, experiments on drainage and temperature of soil, 315, 318.
Ellis, W., on moon influence on cloud, 649.
English Channel, cause of gales there, 528.
Espy on clouds, 363; on charting storms,
501; charts of American storms, 538. Etesian winds, 497. Evapometer, 309.
Evaporation, 308; heat lost by, 312; temperature of, 329; as affecting sandy, peaty, and heavy soils, 315,
317. Everett's, Professor J. D., observations on complete saturation of the air, 319; underground temperature at Green- wich, 255.
Explosions in mines in relation to the barometer, 526.
Extreme temperatures, their value, 158.
FAHRENHEIT's thermometer, 8, 120. Farquharson, Rev. J., 353.
Fitzroy's, Admiral, storm-warnings, 23, 665 et seq.; temperature of the sea, 228; barometer, 41.
Fleming's rain-gauge, 395.
Fogs of radiation, 347; where most pre- valent, 355; locally distributed, 351; on the coast, 354; accompanying storms, their importance meteorologi- cally, 357.
Forbes, Principal, on underground tem- perature, 17, 254, 256; on an interrup- tion of temperature, 299; on colours of clouds, 631.
Forests, retardation of their daily maxi- mum and minimum temperatures,
with the effect on climate, 180; as affecting mists and rain, 180, 352; on winter temperature, 218.
Fortin's barometer, 35.
Fournet's Rainfall of France, 19. Franklin's experiment on atmospheric electricity, 579; suggests lightning- conductors, 594; theories for decrease of rainfall with the height, 398. Frost, frequency of occurrence as an element of climate, 166; degree in which it penetrates into different soils, 170; may be predicted by the hygrometer, 335. Fulgurites, 592.
GALTON, Francis, anti-cyclones, 475; on
small barometric disturbances, 521. Gases, law of independent pressure, how modified in the atmosphere, 307. Glaisher, 17; barometric range for Greenwich, 72; corrections for heat and rain temperatures to reduce to mean temperature, 152; experi- ments on terrestrial radiation, 196, 199; on long and short grass, 200; temperature at different heights dur ing, 212; hygrometric tables, 331; balloon ascents in relation to humidity of atmosphere, 336; to currents of
atmosphere, 360; description of clouds, '366; snow-crystals, 417; on directions of wind in relation to moon's changes, 651, 652.
Gulf Stream, temperature of, 233; its influence on climate of Great Britain, 233, 262.
Guyot's Meteorological and Physical tables, 60, 88.
HADLEY propounds theory of trade- winds, 11.
Hail, 432; where most common, 469. Hailstones, different forms, 433. Hailstones of Orkney, 28th July 1818,
596, 599; of France, 596, 598; of Câte- let, 7th May 1865, 597.
Hansteen, 17; on auroras, 605, 609. Harmattan, 494; probable cause, 569. Harrison, Park, on moon's influence on clouds and temperature, 650, 652. Hartnup, John, on velocity of the wind at Liverpool, 1st February 1868, 530. Heights measured by thermometer, 119; measured by barometer, 62. Hemispherical-cup anemometer, 440. Henley's quadrant electrometer, 580. Henry, Joseph, 564.
Hermetic barometer, 45.
Herschel, Alexander, on meteors, 641. Herschel, Sir J., observation on effect of forests on rain, 352; on rotation of wind in storms, 549, 564; on atmos- pheric electricity, 586; on an oak-tree struck by lightning, 592; on height of aurora, 607; on temperature of stellar spaces, 642; on moon's influence, 649. Hicks's maximum and minimum ther- mometer, 133.
Hoar-frost, 202; crystals of, 418. Home, D. Milne, experiments on drain- age, 316. Houzeau, 615.
Howard's nomenclature of clouds, 369. Howson's barometer, 42.
Humboldt's isothermal lines, 16; re-
mark on horary oscillation of barome- ter in tropics, 63; current, tempera- ture of, 234.
Humidity, absolute, how distributed, 336; relative, of the air, how calcu lated, 332; low, observed at Djeddah, 338; Corrimony, 337. Hurricane of Calcutta, 5th October 1864, 541; of Guadaloupe, 6th September 1865, 540; West Indian, of 1st October 1866, 540; barometric fluctuations, 540, 541; wave of sea accompanying, 541.
Hurricane, moisture of air, 513; track of centre, see Plate VIII.; rate of its progressive motion, 546; direction of wind, 543; veering of wind, 548; ba- rometer and winds at St Croix, and H.M.S. Buzzard, 570.
Hurricanes, West Indian, time of occur- rence, 551.
Hygrometers, invention of, 9; of ab- sorption, 321; condensation, 324; evaporation, 325.
Hygrometry of the atmosphere, 319.
ICE, its manufacture in Bengal, 210. Interruptions of temperature determined by the wind, 297; by distribution of pressure, 298; not by meteors, 643; use in forecasting weather, 646. Ireland, climate of (see British Islands); its influence on Great Britain, 273; its importance on a system of storm- warnings, 511.
Isabnormals, thermic, 275.
Isobarometric charts, Plates I., II., III.
Isocheimals, or lines of equal winter temperature. See Isothermals for Jan-
Magnetism, terrestrial, in relation to the sun and to the aurora, 610; to storms, 611.
Magnus, Professor, experiments on dia- thermancy of dry and moist air, 345.
Mann, Dr, on climate of Natal, 561. Marine barometer, 36. Marriotte's law, 303.
Martin on decrease of temperature with height in cold weather, 212. Maury's ocean-charts, 21, 242, 564. Maximum thermometers, 125. Mean temperature, importance of re- solving into the extremes which com- pose it, 159, 160; vague meaning of, 157.
Meldrum, Charles, region of calms in Indian Ocean in January, 110; on rainfall of Mauritius, 405; on storms of Indian Ocean, 553 to 563; a revolv- ing storm, 566; on notification of storms at Mauritius, 659 to 662. Mercury, freezing-point of, 116. "Merry dancers," 605. Meteors, 641.
Milne's, Admiral Sir A., observation on temperature of Gulf Stream, 243. Minimum thermometer, 129.
Mist and fog, how caused, 346. Mist on hills, 356.
RADIATION of heat, 175; SOLAR, first dis- cussed by Halley, 13; its effect on earth's surface estimated by black- bulb thermometer, 187; on land, 177; on water, 183.
Radiation, why small in insular climates, 344; why great in elevated situations and at the poles, 343; TERRESTRIAL, 191; first discussed by Lambert, 13; how estimated, 197; its effects on dif- ferent substances, 199; circumstances affecting, 212.
Rain, general causes of, 392; specific
conditions required, 393; in relation to atmospheric pressure, Chap. XI. Rainbow, solar, 617; lunar, 620; extra- ordinary, 619; supernumerary, 617. Rain-cloud, 386.
Rainfall diminishes with the height above the ground, theories to account for, 398; cases of heavy falls, 400; re- lation to storms, 514; in the region of calms, 403; the tropics, 402, 407; Hindostan, 404, 406; Europe, 408; Mediterranean, 413; America, 414. Rain-gauges, 395; size of, 396; position of, 397.
Rainless regions of the globe, 399. Rainy days, 401.
« AnteriorContinuar » |